Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Command Signals for Hoisting and Lifting
GB 5082 - 85
Part 4
Standards and Specifications 909
This standard is formulated to ensure the safety of hoisting and lifting, prevent accidents, and meet the needs of scientific management. This standard makes unified provisions for the basic signals and related safety technologies used by on-site command personnel and crane drivers. This standard applies to the following types of lifting machinery: bridge cranes (including metallurgical cranes), gantry cranes, loading and unloading bridges, cable cranes, tower cranes, portal cranes, truck cranes, tire cranes, railway cranes, crawler cranes, floating cranes, pole cranes, marine cranes, etc.
This standard does not apply to mine hoisting equipment and manned elevator equipment. 1 Terminology
General hand signals
Refers to the hand signals for command generally applicable to various types of cranes in hoisting and lifting. Special hand signals -
- refer to the command gestures used exclusively for cranes with special lifting, luffing and slewing mechanisms. Hook (including lifting ring, electromagnetic suction cup, grab, etc.) - refers to the empty hook and the hook with load. Crane "forward" or "backward" - "forward" means the crane is moving towards the commander; "backward" means the crane is moving away from the commander.
In the command language, front, back, left and right are all based on the position of the driver. Sound symbol:
一" indicates a long sound of more than one second, "·" indicates a short sound of less than one second. "○" indicates a pause
2 Signals used by commanders
2.1 Hand signals
2.1.1 General hand signals
2.1.1.1 "Ready" (Attention)
Stretch your arms straight above your head, with your five fingers naturally spread out, and your palms facing forward and remain motionless (Figure 1). 2.1.1.2 "Hook"
Make a fist with one hand naturally, place it on your head, and lightly touch the top of your head (Figure 2). Construction safety laws , Compilation of Regulations and Standards 910
2.1.1.3 "To hook"
Make a fist with the forearm upward and motionless, and extend the other hand with the palm lightly touching the elbow joint of the previous hand (Figure 3) 2.1.1.4 "Hook rises"
Stretch the forearm to the side and upward, with the five fingers naturally extended, higher than the shoulder, and rotate around the wrist as the axis (Figure 4) Figure 3
2.1.1.5 "Hook drops"
Part 4 Standards and Specifications 911
Stretch the arm to the side, front and lower, with an angle of about 30° with the body, and stretch the five fingers naturally, and rotate around the wrist as the axis (Figure 5). Figure 5
2.1.1.6 "Hook moves horizontally"
Stretch the forearm to the side and upward, with the five fingers together and the palm facing outward, in the direction where the load should move, and swing it downward to a position level with the shoulder (Figure 6).
912 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 2.1.1.7 "The hook rises slightly"
Stretch the forearm to the upper side and front, with the palm facing up and higher than the shoulder, and use the wrist as the axis to repeatedly swing the palm upward (Figure 7). 2.1.1.8 "The hook drops slightly"
Stretch the arm to the lower side and front, with an angle of about 30° with the body, with the palm facing down, and use the wrist as the axis to repeatedly swing the palm downward (Figure 8).
2.1.1.9 "The hook moves slightly horizontally"
Stretch the forearm naturally to the upper side, with the five fingers together and the palm facing outward, and repeat the slow horizontal movement in the direction where the load should move (Figure 9).
2.1.1.10 “Micro-motion range”
Part 4 Standards and specifications 913
Bend both forearms and extend them to one side, with five fingers straight and palms facing each other, and the distance between them is close to the distance the load needs to move (Figure 10).
2.1.1.11 “Indicating the landing direction”
Stretch the five fingers straight and point out the position where the load should land (Figure 11). Figure 10
2.1.1.12 “Stop”
Place the forearms horizontally in front of the chest, with the five fingers extended and the palms facing down, and swing them horizontally to the side (Figure 12). 2.1.1.13 “Emergency stop”
Place both forearms horizontally in front of the chest, with the five fingers extended and the palms facing down, and swing them horizontally to both sides at the same time (Figure 13). Figure 12
Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 914
2.1.1.14 “Work is over”
Stretch out the five fingers of both hands and cross them in front of the forehead (Figure 14). 2.1.2 Special hand signals
2.1.2.1 “Raise arm”
Stretch your arm horizontally to one side, with the thumb facing up and the other fingers clenched, and swing your forearm upward (Figure 15). 2.1.2.2 “Lowering the arm”
Stretch the arm horizontally to one side, with the thumb pointing downward and the remaining fingers clenched, and the forearm swinging downward (Figure 16). Figure 15
2.1.2.3 “Rotate the arm”
Part 4 Standards and specifications 915
Stretch the arm horizontally, pointing in the direction in which the arm should be rotated, with the thumb extended and the remaining fingers clenched, and rotate around the wrist as the axis (Figure 17). Figure 17
2.1.2.4 “Slightly extend the arm”
Place one forearm on the side of the chest, with the five fingers straight, and the hand Palm facing down, keep still. The thumb of the other hand faces the palm of the front hand, and the remaining fingers are clenched and moved up and down (Figure 18). 2.1.2.5 "Slightly lower the arm"
One forearm is placed on one side of the chest, with the five fingers straight, the palm facing up, and keep still. The thumb of the other hand faces the palm of the front hand, and the remaining fingers are clenched and moved up and down (Figure 19). Figure 18
916 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 2.1.2.6 "Slightly rotate the arm
One forearm is stretched forward horizontally, with the palm naturally facing inward. The thumb of the other hand points to the palm of the front hand, and the remaining fingers are clenched and rotated (Figure 20).
2.1.2.7 "Extend the arm"
Make fists with both hands, with the palms facing up, and the thumbs point to the sides respectively, and do repulsive movements. (Figure 21). 2.1.2.8 “Arm retraction”
Make fists with both hands, palms facing down, thumbs facing fingers, and move them in opposite directions (Figure 22). Figure 21www.bzxz.net
2.1.2.9 “Crawler crane rotation”
Part 4 Standards and specifications 917
One forearm extends forward horizontally, with five fingers naturally extended and motionless. The other forearm makes repeated horizontal swings in front of the chest (Figure 23). Figure 23
2.1.2.10 “Crane advances”
Stretch both arms forward horizontally, then bend the forearms, put the five fingers together, and move the palms towards yourself back and forth (Figure 24). Figure 24
918 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 2.1.2.11 "Crane retreats"
Bend both forearms upward, put five fingers together, palms facing the crane, and move forward and backward (Figure 25). Figure 25
2.1.2.12 "Grab" (absorb)
Place the two forearms in front of the side, palms facing each other, and swing from both sides to the middle (Figure 26). Figure 26
2.1.2.13 "Release"
Part IV Standards and specifications 919
Place the two forearms in front of the side, palms facing outward, and swing to both sides (Figure 27). 2.1.2.14 "Flip"
Bend one forearm forward with the palm facing up. Extend the other forearm forward with the palm facing down, and flip both hands at the same time (Figure 28). Figure 27
2.1. 3 Special hand signals for marine cranes (or double cranes) 2.1.3.1 "Slow-speed hook lifting"
Extend both forearms horizontally to the side and front, with five fingers spread out, palms facing up, and swing upward with the wrist as the axis. When the two cranes are required to lift at different speeds, the hand of the one commanding the faster lifting speed should be higher than the other hand (Figure 29). Figure 29
920 Compilation of laws, regulations and standards for construction safety 2.1.3. 2 “Slow hook raising”
Stretch both forearms horizontally to the front and sides, with five fingers spread out and palms facing upwards, and swing the forearms upwards with the elbows as the axis. When two aircraft are required to lift at different speeds, the hand of the one that is commanding the faster lifting speed should be higher than the other hand (Figure 30). Figure 30
2.1.3.3 “Full-speed hook raising”
Hold both arms down, with five fingers spread out and palms facing upwards, and swing the whole arm upwards (Figure 31). Figure 31
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