NY/T 5079-2002 Technical specification for the production of pollution-free cowpea food
Some standard content:
ICS65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China NY/T5079-2002
Pollution-free food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Specification for Cowpea Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5079—2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard are: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Liaoning Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Crop Management Bureau of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Hebei Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station and Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are: Tian Mingjun, Zhang Zhibin, Zhao Shanpu, Zhao Yiping, Li Jianwei, Cao Zhifu, Wang Zhenzhuang, Zhao Jianyang, Zhang Dechun, Zhang Zhenhe and Li Li.
1 Scope
Pollution-free food
Technical regulations for cowpea production
This standard specifies the production environment requirements and production management measures for pollution-free cowpea. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free rainbow beans. 2 Normative references
NY/T5079—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB/T8321 Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides
NY5010 Environmental Conditions for Pollution-free Vegetable Production Areas NY5078 Pollution-free Cowpea
3 Production Area Environment
The environmental conditions of the production area shall comply with the provisions of NY5010. 4 Production Technology Management
4.1 Protection Facilities
The protection facilities used in cowpea production include: solar greenhouses, plastic sheds, hotbeds, and multi-layer covering insulation materials. 4.2 Division of Cultivation Seasons
4.2.1 Spring and Summer Cultivation
Spring sowing, stubble for market in summer.
4.2.2 Summer and Autumn Cultivation
Summer sowing, stubble for market in autumn.
4.2.3 Early Spring Cultivation
Early Spring Sowing, stubble for market in early summer.
4.3 Variety selection
Choose varieties that are disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yield, commercially available, and in line with the consumption habits of the target market. 4.4 Seedling cultivation
Cowpeas are generally sown directly, but early spring and spring-summer cropping and cultivation are suitable for early listing. 4.4.1 Seedling cultivation facilitiesbzxz.net
Select greenhouses, greenhouses, hotbeds and other seedling cultivation facilities according to different seasons, and disinfect the seedling cultivation facilities. 4.4.2 Nutrition soil preparation
4.4.2.1 Nutrition soil requirements: pH 5.5~7.5, organic matter 2.5%~3%, available phosphorus 20mg/kg~40mg/kg, available potassium 100mg/kg~~140mg/kg, alkaline nitrogen 120mg/kg~150mg/kg, comprehensive nutrients. The porosity is about 60%, the soil is loose, and the fertilizer and water retention performance is good. The prepared nutrient soil is spread evenly on the seedbed with a thickness of 10cm. 4.4.2.2 Formula of nutrient soil for factory-scale plug tray or nutrient pot seedling cultivation: 2 parts peat and 1 part vermiculite. 139
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4.4.2.3 Formula of nutrient soil for ordinary seedbed or nutrient pot seedling cultivation: one-third of field soil without pests and diseases, one-third of ash slag (or well-rotted horse manure, or peat soil, or plant ash), and one-third of well-rotted farmyard manure. It is not advisable to use unfermented farmyard manure. 4.4.3 Disinfection of seedbed soil
Use 30mL~50mL of formalin per square meter of seedbed, add 3L of water, spray the bed soil, cover with plastic film for 3 days, then remove the film, and sow after the gas is dissipated. Or 400 times diluted 72.2% Prolec water agent is applied on the bed surface. Use 15kg~30kg of medicated soil per square meter of seedbed to disinfect the surface of the seedbed. Method: Use 8g~~10g of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram in equal amounts, mix with 15kg~30kg of fine soil and spread evenly on the surface of the seedbed.
4.5 Seed treatment
4.5.1 Seed drying
Dry the selected seeds for 1 d~2 d, and do not expose them to the sun. 4.5.2 Chemical treatment
Mix the seeds with 50% carbendazim wettable powder at 0.5% of the seed mass to prevent and control wilt and anthracnose, or soak the seeds with 500 times of streptomycin sulfate solution for 4 h~6 h to prevent and control bacterial diseases. 4.6 Sowing period
Choose an appropriate sowing period according to the cultivation season and seedling raising methods. 4.7 Seed quality
Quality indicators of cowpea seeds: purity ≥97%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥90%, moisture ≤12%. 4.8 Seeding amount
Depending on the planting density, the seed amount for every 667m2 of planting area is 2.5kg~3.5kg. 4.9 Sowing method
4.9.1 Seedling transplanting
Place the soaked seeds in the nutrient pots (bags), 2~3 seeds per pot (bag). 4.9.2 Open field direct seeding
Sow 3~4 dry seeds in a hole according to the determined planting method and density. 4.10 Seedling management
4.10.1 Temperature
When 30% of the seeds emerge from the soil, remove the mulch in time. See Table 1 for seedling temperature management. Table 1 Temperature regulation table for seedling stage
From sowing to emergence
After emergence
4 d~5 d before transplanting
4. 10.2 Water and fertilizer
Suitable temperature during the day
20～25
Suitable temperature at night
Water appropriately according to the seedling season and picking conditions. Control water and fertilizer during the seedling stage. 4.10.3 Hardening
Seedlings should be hardened before transplanting. 4.10.4 Standards for strong seedlings
Cotyledons intact, the first compound leaf exposed, free of diseases and insect pests. 4.11 Preparation before transplanting (seeding)
4.11.1 Land preparation and basal fertilizer application
Unit: Celsius
Minimum night temperature
Determine the total amount of fertilizer according to soil fertility and target yield. All phosphate fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, two-thirds of potassium fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, and one-third of nitrogen fertilizers are used as 140
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basal fertilizers. The basal fertilizer is mainly high-quality farmyard manure, two-thirds of which are spread, and one-third are applied in furrows, and deep plowing is 25cm~30cm. It is done according to local planting habits.
4.11.2 Greenhouse disinfection
The greenhouse should be disinfected before planting. For every 667m2 of facilities, 250g of 80% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate is mixed with sawdust and 2000g~3000g of sulfur powder, and ignited in 10 places, sealed overnight, and planted when there is no smell after ventilation. 4.12 Planting (seeding)
4.12.1 Determination of planting (seeding) time When the minimum temperature of 10cm is stable and passes 12℃, it is the suitable planting period for early spring rainbow bean cultivation. This is also the suitable sowing period for spring and summer open field cowpea cultivation.
4.12.2 Planting (seeding) method and density
Open field spring and summer and early spring cultivation in facilities are planted with 3000 holes to 3500 holes per 667m2, and open field summer and autumn and delayed autumn cultivation in facilities are planted with about 3500 holes to 4000 holes per 667m2. Sow 4 to 5 seeds in each hole. After germination, plant two seedlings in each hole. 4.13 Field management
4.13.1 Temperature management
For cowpeas directly sown in facilities, from sowing to the appearance of the first compound leaf, its temperature management refers to the seedling raising part. During the seedling acclimatization period of seedling raising and transplanting, the temperature is 28℃～30℃ during the day and not lower than 18℃ at night; after the seedling acclimatization and the first compound leaf of direct-seeded cowpea appears, the temperature is 20℃～25℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night.
4.13.2 Lighting
Use weather-resistant functional film with good light transmittance, keep the film surface clean, uncover the insulation cover during the day, hang a reflective curtain at the back of the solar greenhouse, and try to increase the intensity and time of light. In summer and autumn, provide appropriate shading and cooling. 4.13.3 Air humidity
According to the humidity requirements of cowpea at different growth stages and the need to control diseases, the optimal air relative humidity control index is 65%~75%.
4.13.4 Fertilizer and water management
4.13.4.1 Use drip irrigation or dark irrigation under the film. Water the plants promptly after planting, water them 3-5 days later to help them grow slowly, and water them for the first time when the first flower spike blooms and takes shape. After that, watering should be controlled to prevent excessive growth and promote the formation of flower spikes. When about two-thirds of the flower spikes on the main vine bloom, water them for the second time. After that, water them when the ground is slightly dry to keep the soil moist. 4.13.4.2 Fertilize the beans according to the appearance and growth period of the beans, and apply nitrogen and potassium fertilizers in a timely manner. At the same time, micronutrient fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.13.4.3 Fertilizers that are not allowed to be used. Urban garbage, sludge, industrial waste residues and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.13.5 Inserting racks to guide vines
Use thin bamboo poles to insert racks to guide vines.
4.13.6 Harvest in time
Harvest when the seeds have not swelled significantly, and be careful not to damage the flower buds and inflorescences. The hygiene standards should meet the requirements of NY5078. 4.13.7 Clean the fields
Clean up diseased leaves, broken branches and leaves, and weeds, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.13.8 Pest and disease control
4. 13. 8. 1 Major pests and diseases: damping-off, damping-off, rust, gray mold, sclerotinia, wilt, anthracnose, powdery mildew, virus disease, aphids, bean snails, tea yellow mites, red spiders, leaf miners, whiteflies, and Bemisia tabaci. 4.13.8.2 Agricultural control
4.13.8.2.1 Disease-resistant varieties: Select varieties with high resistance and multiple resistance according to the main pest and disease control targets in the local area. 4.13.8.2.2 Create suitable growth environment conditions 141
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Cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age and improve stress resistance; control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature at different growth stages through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low and high temperature obstacles; dig deep trenches and raise the water level to prevent water accumulation, clean the fields, and do a good job in plant growth and development to avoid infectious diseases. 4.13.8.2.3 Farming reform: Try to implement a rotation system. For example, rotate with non-legume crops for more than three years. Areas with conditions should implement water-early rotation, such as rice and vegetable rotation.
4.13.8.2.4 Scientific fertilization: Test soil for balanced fertilization, increase the application of fully decomposed organic fertilizers, and use less chemical fertilizers to prevent soil salinization. 4.13.8.3 Physical control
4.13.8.3.1 Facility protection. Use insect-proof nets to seal the vents, cover with plastic film and insect-proof nets in summer, and carry out rain shelter, sunshade, and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
4.13.8.3.2 Yellow board trapping. Hang yellow boards in the facility to trap and kill aphids and other pests. The yellow size is 25cm×40cm, 30~40 pieces per 667m2.
4.13.8.3.3 Silver-gray film to repel aphids. Spread silver-gray ground film or hang silver-gray film strips to repel aphids. 4.13.8.3.4 High-temperature disinfection. In the summer, the greenhouse should use solar energy to disinfect the soil at high temperature. 4.13.8.3.5 Insecticidal lamps to trap and kill pests. Use frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps, black light lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, and double-wave lamps to trap and kill pests. 4.13.8.4 Biological control
4.13.8.4.1 Natural enemies: Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to control pests and diseases. 4.13.8.4.2 Biological pesticides: Use biological pesticides such as Liuyangmycin, Agricultural Antibiotic 120, Azadirachtin, Matrine, Agricultural Streptomycin, and New Plant Mycin. 4.13.8.5 Chemical control of major pests and diseases The use of chemical control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Dust and smoke agents are preferred in protected areas. Pay attention to the rotation of pesticides and reasonable mixing. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticides. 4.13.8.6 Prohibited Highly Toxic and Highly Toxic Pesticides
The use of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methamidophos, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isothion, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, spirophos, systemophos, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos is not permitted in production.
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