Some standard content:
ICS65.020
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 1698—2009
Technical rules for arabica coffee pest control2009-03-09Issued
Implementation on 2009-05-01
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
Appendices A and B of this standard are informative records. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China and is under the jurisdiction of the Technical Committee for Standardization of Tropical Crops and Products of the Ministry of Agriculture. 11. Drafting units of this standard: Yunnan Tropical Crops Society, Yunnan Dehong Tropical Agricultural Science Research Institute Main drafters of this standard: Li Weirui, Zhang Hongbo, Li Wenwei: NY/T1698-2009
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of small-grain coffee NY/T1698—2009
This standard specifies the principles, measures and recommended use of pesticides for the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests of small-grain coffee (Coffea arabica L.) This standard is applicable to the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests of small-grain coffee in coffee producing areas in China. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version applies to this standard. GB4285 Standard for safe use of pesticides
GB/T8321 Guidelines for rational use of pesticides
NY/T359-2009 Coffee seedlings
NY/T922-2004 Technical regulations for coffee cultivation
3 Terms and definitions
Ridge
Refers to the valley in the coffee garden. Mulcling material
Refers to the use of grass, weeds, film, etc. to cover the root surface of coffee. 3.3
Rehahilitation of multiple systelr coffee leaves 2~-3 main trunks after pruning and rejuvenation. 4 Recommended pesticides
The pesticides recommended by the wood standard are approved for use on fruit trees by my country's pesticide management department. Pesticides that are strictly prohibited by the state for use on fruit trees shall not be used. When new effective pesticides appear or new management regulations are introduced, the latest regulations shall prevail. 5 Main diseases and pests of small-grain coffee and their prevention and control
5.1 Diseases and pests of small-grain coffee and their dust damage characteristics. 5.1.1 Diseases of small-grain coffee and their occurrence and damage characteristics are shown in Appendix A. 5.1.2 Pests of small-grain coffee and their occurrence and damage characteristics are shown in Appendix B. 5.2 Principles of prevention and control
Implement the plant protection principle of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control", target the types and occurrence characteristics of coffee pests and diseases, comprehensively consider various factors that affect the occurrence and harm of diseases and pests, and coordinate the application of quarantine, biological control, physical control and chemical control measures based on agricultural control to safely and effectively prevent and control diseases and pests.
NY/T 1698—2009
5.2.1 Select excellent varieties with good adaptability and integrity, and strictly select healthy seedlings. The seedling quality indicators should meet the requirements of Y/T3591999.
5.2.2 Reasonably arrange the planting area of coffee rust-resistant varieties. Rust-resistant varieties shall not be mixed with non-rust-resistant varieties to improve the long-term rust resistance of coffee rust-resistant varieties.
5.2.3 Strengthen field monitoring, grasp the dynamics of disease and pest occurrence, and take control measures in time. 5.2.4 Strengthen crop management, improve plant resistance and create an environment that is unfavorable for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. For relevant crop management measures, refer to the requirements of 7 and 9.3 in NY/T922-2004. 5.2.5 Shaping and pruning shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements of 10.2 in NYT922-2004. The cut branches damaged by insects shall be burned or soaked in a pool for 10-15 days to completely kill the young beetles and the adults that have not emerged from the holes, and reduce the source of insect pests. 5.2.6 In the planting areas with an altitude of less than 1000m and high temperature, it is recommended to plant coffee with compound crop technology: provide shade conditions for coffee, which is conducive to controlling the damage of early coffee beetles and longhorn beetles. 5.2.7 Give priority to the use of low-grade pesticides that have little impact on the weather, environment and products. 5.2.8 When using pesticides for prevention and control, refer to the relevant provisions of CB4285 and GB/T8321. Strictly control the concentration and dosage, application frequency, application method and safe interval, and use the pesticides in a reasonable rotation. 5.3 Prevention and control of major diseases and pests
5.3.1 Coffee rust
5.3.1.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.1.1.1 Strengthen irrigation, reasonable irrigation, pruning and shaping, and appropriate planting of shade trees: to make coffee grow well and increase disease resistance. Use pesticides once in the early morning to reduce the source of infection. During the epidemic period, spray pesticides once every 2) days and 30 days to prevent the occurrence of rust. 5.3.1.1.2 Plant disease-resistant varieties. Reasonably allocate different types of rust-resistant coffee varieties. 5.3.1.2 Recommended fungicides and methods: Use 0.5%-1% Bordeaux mixture, 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000-1500 times diluted, 10% chlorpyrifos (Seco) 2000-2500 times diluted, 70% mancozeb filterable powder 600-800 times diluted, 65% mancozeb wettable powder 400-500 times diluted and 27.12% copper sulfoxide suspension 500-800 times diluted to spray the trees for prevention and control. In order to improve the prevention effect, Bordeaux mixture and other pesticides can be used alternately.
5.3.2 Coffee Anthracnose
5.3.2.1 Prevention and Control Measures
Strengthen the management of the plant: including reasonable fertilization, weeding and weeding, inter-row cover, pruning and shaping to remove sticky leaves, control the amount of fruit, make the plant grow vigorously, and increase the disease resistance. When the disease is serious and the season is severe, spray the tree with fungicide every 7 to 10 days. 5.3.2.2 Recommended main fungicides and methods Use 0.5%~1% Bordeaux mixture, 25% carbendazim wettable powder 250-500 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600-700 times, 80% mancozeb wettable powder 600-800 times, 50% chlorpyrifos wettable powder 800-1200 times, 27.12% copper sulfoxide suspension 500-800 times to spray the tree. 5.3.3 Coffee brown spot disease
5.3.3.1 Prevention and control measures
Strengthen cultivation management: bury and fertilize and provide appropriate shade. When the disease is serious, apply fungicides: 5.3.3.2 Recommended main fungicides and methods Use 0.5%~1% Bordeaux mixture, 25% carbendazim WP 250~500 times solution, 80% mancozeb WP 6001~800 times solution, 50% thiophanate methyl WP 800-1200 times solution, 65% mancozeb WP 400-~500 times solution, etc. to spray the tree.
5.3.4 Coffee sooty mold
5. 3. 4. 1 Prevention and control measures
Do a good job of pruning and shaping, and keep the tree well ventilated and light-permeable. Prevention and control measures are mainly based on the pests that cause this disease. 5.3.4.2 Recommended main pesticides and methods NY/T 1698 2009
Use 500~1000 times dilution of 30% acephate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000~2000 times dilution of 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate: 1500~2000 times dilution of 25% phosphamidon wettable powder, 200~300 times dilution of 0.3% arginine aqueous solution, 1000~3000 times dilution of 2.5% bianfu emulsifiable concentrate to control insect pests such as beetles and aphids.
5.3.5 Coffee stem canker
5.3.5.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.5.1.1 Early in the morning, cover or shade the young coffee trees; 5.3.5.1.2 In winter and spring, apply lime water, the proportion of lime water is 20 parts water, 5 parts quicklime, and 0.5 parts salt, to reduce the degree of radiation cold damage and sun burns on the stems of young trees; in October of the year of planting, combine loosening the soil and weeding to build a high wall at the root and stem to prevent the stem from being exposed and damaged.
5.3.6 Coffee branch blight
5.3.6.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.6.1.1 Create an appropriate shade environment. In the unshaded coffee garden, multiple rotation shaping is used to maintain the balance between the plant's vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and control the fruiting amount.
5.3.6.1.2 Cover the coffee plantation with thick layers to protect the coffee root system and adjust the balance between the above-ground part and the root. Apply potassium fertilizer appropriately during the peak fruiting period of coffee.
5.3.6.1.3 Pay attention to the prevention and treatment of coffee rust, brown spot and charcoal disease to reduce the occurrence of the disease. 5.3.7 Coffee seedling damping-off
5.3.7.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.7.1.1 The seedling field should not be planted continuously, and the land should be prepared carefully and flat, and the seedlings should be raised to avoid water accumulation.5.3.7.1.2 Do not sow too densely, water appropriately, and keep the soil clean between use. 5.3.7.1.3 Disinfect the soil before covering the sandy soil in the bed for sowing. 5.3.7.2 Recommended fungicides and methods Use 45% mancozeb aqueous solution 300~400 times, 20% carboxin EC 900~1000 times to spray on the surface, remove the diseased plants in time, spray 0.5%~1% Bordeaux liquid on the crown and rhizome of healthy plants around the diseased plants to control the spread of the disease. 5.3.8 Killing of coffee beetle
5.3.8.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.8.1.1 Plant resistant, high-yield, dense dwarf varieties, shade the tender, and plant reasonably densely. 5.3.8.1.2 After the fruit picking is over. Clear the entire garden of the branches and trunks that have been affected, and deal with the trees that have been affected in time. 5.3.8.1.3 Artificial capture and killing. It is suitable to catch the adults from 12:00 to 14:00 from April to June, and wipe them dry during the peak period of egg laying and insect hatching. 5.3.8.1.4 Eliminate the host and the source of the plant in the garden. Protect the natural sensitive insects and give full play to their biological control role. 5.3.8.2 Recommended main insecticides and methods Use pesticides to spray the trunks to kill eggs once a month from March to October. You can use 600-700 times of 50% cypermethrin wettable powder, 400-800 times of 30% 2-ether methyl parathion emulsifiable concentrate, and other insecticides to spray the stems on the cork-forming parts. 5.3.9 Coffee longhorn beetle
5.3.9.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.9.1.1 Eliminate wild hosts and ensure the expansion of the policy. 5.3.9.1.2 In late May, before the emergence of adults, mix 1 part of the agent, 25 parts of fresh cow dung, 10 parts of sticky and 15 parts of water into a paste and apply it to the base of the tree to prevent the adults from laying eggs. You can also spray the base of the tree with the agent once a month in May and July. 5.3.9.2 Recommended main insecticides and methods for use The insecticides used for coating can be 50% film-killing WP, dichlorvos powder (trichlorfon - chlorpyrifos) and other insecticides prepared in the proportion recommended in 5.3.9.1.2. 50% film-killing WP 500-700 times diluted, 30% methyl parathion emulsion 100-8 times diluted and other insecticides can be used to spray the corky parts of the stems.
5.3.10 Coffee wood borer
5.3.10.1 Prevention and control measures
Frequently check and combine with pruning. If insect-damaged branches are found, especially young and tender branches, they should be cut off from below the insect holes and burned to eliminate branch damage and prevent coffee wood borer larvae from turning into coffee main stems and causing main stems to break. 5.3.10.2 Recommended main insecticides and methods: Spray trees with 500 times diluted 25% dichlorvos aqueous solution, 1500-2000 times diluted 25% cypermethrin wettable powder, 1000-1500 times diluted 50% chlorpyrifos EC, 1000 times diluted 90% crystal dichlorvos EC, 500-1000 times diluted 30% acephate EC, 800-1000 times diluted 40% nicotine, etc.
5.3.11 Coffee root powder
5.3.11.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.11.1.1 Coffee root powder has a wide range of hosts, and other host root powders should be controlled to eliminate insect sources. 5.3.11.1.2 When planting, mix 5% terbufos (terbufos) granules and apply them to the planting holes, with an application rate of 2kg to 3kg per mu. 5.3.11.1.3 Use 600 times dilution of 30% acephate emulsifiable concentrate to obtain 300ml_~500xnl. root per plant. 5.3.11.1.4 Pay attention to the prevention and control of ants, which are the vectors of transmission. You can use 1000-~1500 times dilution of 50% dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or 1000 times dilution of 90 yuan pindidiye 500. Www.bzxZ.net
5.3.12 Coffee green
5.3.12.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.12.1.1 Protect and use natural enemies
5.3.12.1.2 Use pesticides for prevention and control when insect pests occur seriously in the early season. 5.3.12.2 Recommended main insecticides and methods: Use 30% acephate emulsifiable concentrate 500-~1000 times diluted, 18% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate 1000~2008 times diluted, 25% cypermethrin visible powder 1500~2000 times diluted, 0.3% arginine aqueous solution 200~~300 times diluted, 2.5% gonadotropin emulsifiable concentrate 1000~3000 times diluted, etc. to spray on trees.
5.3.13 Coffee helmet
5.3.13.1 Prevention and control measures
5.3.13.1.1 Protect and use artificial enemies.
5.3.13.1.2 Strengthen the management of coffee beetles, improve the insect resistance of coffee trees, and promptly cut off the insect branches when they are found: At the same time, we must also prevent ants from spreading the insects:
5.3.13.1.3 During the peak period of bookworms, pesticides can be used for prevention and control. 5.3.13.2 Recommended main insecticides and methods Use 30% acephate emulsion 500~1000 times liquid, 18% chlorpyrifos emulsion 100%~2000 times liquid. 25% cypermethrin mixable powder 1500~2000 times liquid. 0.3 chlorpyrifos aqueous solution 200-~300 times liquid, 2.5% chlorpyrifos emulsion 1000~3000 times liquid and other sprays.
Main diseases
Coffee rust
Herileza ctatr
Rerk. et Br.
Indole charcoal disease
Cotletotrichven!
coffeununr Noas:k
Brown chrysanthemum
Cerrospore
coffe feicola Berk. et
Sooty coffee
Cupmotiun
trasilione Puilerans
Coffee mushroom stem canker
Cibberelia
Stibiictes Grordon G
Coffee branch blight
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Main diseases and occurrence characteristics of small-grain coffee Occurrence characteristics
NY/T1698—2009
Coffee rust is a disease caused by C. coffeae spores, which mainly infects old leaves and sometimes also fruits and tender branches. The affected leaves fall off later, which easily leads to branch dryness: the more fruits are ripe, the more likely it is that the rust will be serious. A large number of falling leaves will prevent the immature coffee fruits from getting enough nutrients, resulting in a large number of unripe fruits, which seriously affects coffee yield and quality. The leaves used on the diseased plants have no source of soil. The mycelium of coffee rust fungus avoids adverse environment and the spores of coffee rust fungus germinate when the temperature is suitable (14℃~30℃) and there is water and humidity. The spores are reduced under the shade of trees, and the rate of summer spores is reduced. Bright light has a significant inhibitory effect on summer spores. After the summer spores are formed, they are transmitted by air currents, wind, rain, people, animals, rodents and insects. The development of coffee rust is closely related to the variety of cultivated varieties. Due to the interaction between the host, pathogens and the environment, the coffee rust varieties continue to mutate. Some rust-resistant varieties will lose their rust resistance due to the use of corresponding new varieties. Therefore, when promoting new resistant varieties and using multi-variety breeding, more attention should be paid to the variety layout to extend the disease resistance of rust-resistant varieties. Coffee charcoal fungus is a very common disease. In addition to the leaves, it can also attack the leaves and fruits, causing leaf sticking and cancerous fruits. After the fruit is picked, the peel is tightly attached to the flesh, making it difficult to peel off. In severe cases, the fruit will fall off. The conidia have high requirements for temperature when they germinate. They will germinate after 7 hours at 20℃ under saturated relative humidity or with water film. After the spores germinate, the tuber directly penetrates from the leaf epidermis, fruit and branches! The disease invades people in cold and humid seasons, especially after long-term rain and dust. The disease begins to appear in mid-November.After 3-4 weeks, the disease develops rapidly, and the situation gradually stabilizes after January of the following year.
Coffee leaf spot disease is caused by the pathogen of the genus Semi-shade. The disease mainly harms the leaves and fruits of coffee trees with weak vitality, especially shade, and high fruiting.
The pathogen often overwinters in the diseased tissue as hyphae, and in some places, it even overwinters. It spreads by wind all year round. The suitable temperature range for growth is 5℃-30℃, and the most suitable humidity is 2℃. On the tree, the spores invade through airborne propagation, and on the fruit, they invade through wounds. It has been found that the wild parasite of this pathogen is spore. The fungus is a weak parasite that can be affected by the environment and seriously develops when the resistance to disease is weak. Usually, coffee plants with poor soil or poor soil quality, as well as coffee trees in especially shaded conditions, are more seriously affected. The disease is most favorable for the occurrence of this disease when the relative humidity is above 95℃ or the environment where the coffee plants are located is humid for a long time. Coffee ulcer is a disease caused by Fusarium spp., and the affected coffee leaves have powdery black substances, and later on, small black spots are scattered on the leaf surface, which can be easily washed away by water.
Coffee stem ulcer is a disease caused by Fusarium spp. The typical symptom is the appearance of ulcers at the junction of the root and stem. It also often occurs at a certain node in the middle of the plant or at the base of the branch. In severe cases, the affected part is shrunken, commonly known as "small neck". This fungus lives in a saprophytic form on the corky tissue of the coffee tree, and is infected when it is stimulated by adverse environmental factors. The pathogen invades the cambium of the bark, causing the bark to burst, forming ulcer lesions, and finally causing the death of the entire palm. Planting young coffee trees of 1-2 years old, due to their young age, the degree of corky rootstock is not high, and the resistance to stress is poor. The front of the plant is exposed to radiation or the front is exposed to the cold (two) and the cytoplasm is damaged and blackened, which is prone to invasion by pathogenic bacteria. In years with low yields and long-term cold weather, the occurrence of warts in trees with poor sterilization and cultivation management is more serious. Coffee blight is a physiological disease of coffee trees. It is caused by excessive coffee production and excessive consumption of nutrients (especially sugar) in the plant. The disease can cause the middle layer of the plant to die: the tree shape is damaged, and in severe cases the whole plant dies. The occurrence of this disease is closely related to whether the forest land is shaded, the number of fruits, the soil fertility, and the level of fertilizer and water management. Generally, the disease is more serious in plants with no shade, less fertilizer (especially fertilization), poor management, too many fruits, weak branches, and leaf fall. Therefore, it occurs in those forest gardens with shade, too many fruits or poor management. 1698—2009
Major Disease
Coffee Seedling Disease
Rhizrctomzia salca
(Continued)
Occurrence Characteristics
This disease is caused by the collapse of the stalks. It mainly harms the base or stem of the coffee seedlings. The affected parts will be rotten and constricted, and the top leaves will be lost. The whole plant will wither and die. It is a major disease of coffee seedlings. In the high temperature and low terrain, poor drainage or excessive watering, excessive shade, continuous cropping or other dead crops, the disease is prone to occur.
Main Damage
Appendix H
(Informative Appendix)
Major Coffea serrata and Its Occurrence Characteristics
NY/T 1698—2009
The coffee beetle is a coffee beetle that first feeds under the tree's bark, then swims into the parenchyma and medulla and feeds upward from the tree core, causing the eggs to wither and break easily. If they penetrate into the roots, the whole plant will die. The occurrence patterns of coffee beetles in different coffee growing areas vary depending on the overwintering conditions and temperature. In general, the infancy of coffee beetles that overwinter in the coffee beetle area will produce two generations. Some of the second generation of adults appear earlier in winter. If the temperature is high, the adults will be longer and may regenerate in one year. Xyhotrechus quadripes Chevr
Coffee spinner beetle
Acatnlepta ceroiu
(Hope)
Coffee
Zererw coffee
(Nietn)
La coffee board powder navel
PAGnOCOcC
Cockrell
There are three generations, and the generations overlap during the day
After the adults of each generation come out of the hole, they move around under the sun glass coffee tree. After mating, the females lay eggs in the cracks of the bark of the tree trunk. The eggs are laid in a scattered manner, usually 3 to 8 eggs in a row. Each insect can lay eggs for 3 to 5 days, and the number of eggs is 80 to 150. The degree of damage caused by the thorny tiger longhorn beetle is a slow and cumulative process. There is a rule: the damage to coffee trees over the age of 10 years old gradually becomes serious, but the blood outbreak occurs early and is serious when it is close to the source host. The coffee plantations with sparse planting density and good management are more susceptible to pests. The larvae of the coffee worm attack the base of the coffee tree, causing spiral wounds on the surface of the plant, yellowing leaves, and withering vines. In severe cases, the plant will die, and in mild cases, it will not bloom and bear fruit normally for a year, and it will take a long time to recover. The coffee beetle has one generation per year in Yunnan. The larvae hibernate in the winter. The overwintering young ones emerge in the middle of March of the next year and begin to hatch. After hatching, the beetles begin to fly out of the hatching holes in late January and feed and lay eggs. When laying eggs, they first bite the bark into cracks 1mm-2m wide, and lay one egg in each crack. There are usually 1-2 eggs per tree, and the number of eggs can exceed 5. Coffee beetles like to harm young coffee trees. When the diameter of coffee plants reaches 1.5cm, they can be harmed by the eggs laid by the beetles. The eggs are mostly laid 12-20m from the ground. More eggs are laid on the sunny side of the tree than on the shady side. Therefore, some coffee trees are less affected. After hatching, the beetles will make spiral drillings under the bark of the trunk and feed. The tree must be eaten continuously for 34 days, and the bark is cut off. By August and March, the plants will be damaged. In early September, the trees begin to show signs of weakness, with leaves turning yellow. In October, the season begins. The affected plants lack nutrients, leading to the death of severely affected plants. Since the bark of coffee trees is poorly grown in early August, they are killed by their prey before the xylem is fully developed. Therefore, they rarely complete a generation on the tree. The main source of coffee pests is wild parasites near the coffee plant. Coffee tree moss is a pest that harms many economic crops. Its larvae feed on tree branches or twigs, causing the affected parts to become brittle, die or be broken by wind. The main source of coffee tree pests is wild parasites near the coffee plant. Coffee tree moss is a very sensitive insect. Its life cycle varies depending on the host plant. In the Yunnan region, coffee tree moss that harms coffee plants has one generation a year. The larvae overwinter under the branches and the young ones remain. The annual hatching period is 2-8 days, and adults begin to appear in July. The coffee moth that harms the tree of life has two generations a year. The second generation hatches in 7.8 days and lasts for 17-19 days. The first adult to emerge is active, and mating and laying eggs will begin after several hours. The eggs are laid in small places, such as the stalk, the stalk or the axilla. The eggs are laid singly and scattered. Each insect lays an average of about 600 eggs. The egg stage lasts for 21 days and the egg stage lasts for about 20 days. The newly hatched larvae first enter from the axillary leaves at the end of the stem, and then eat the upper part of the stem. Within 1-5 days, the damaged part will begin to dry up. At this time, it will drill out of the branches and move downwards to continue to damage the branches not far away. After several such transfers, it grows taller and moves to the lower branches to damage, usually invading the main stem 5mm above the ground. The hatching holes are round and often have yellow spots. The larvae are discharged out of the hole. The larvae have irregular paths. After invading, they first feed in the gap between the wood and the bark. Most of them drill upwards, but some also feed downwards or horizontally.
The coffee root pollen mainly parasitizes the coffee root with female adults. In the early stage, they first stay at 2-3m of the root neck, and then gradually extend to the main root and lateral roots to spread throughout the root system, sucking its sap, seriously consuming the plant's nutrients and affecting the root system, causing the plant to age prematurely, with yellow leaves and withered branches. In the end, the roots turn black and the whole plant dies. Coffee root pollen has two generations per year. It overwinters in the new main body of the plant, which is moist. The first generation is in full bloom in March-April of the following spring, and the second generation is in the period from June to July. The generation is repeated, and generally one generation is completed in about 60 days + 2-3 days of egg period. If it is late, it will be a long time. 50cl, life span of 15 days. Silver carp life span of 3 days to 1 day. It is mainly spread by ants, which collect and protect the secretions of ants. It usually occurs in gardens with fertile, loose soil, wide organic matter and slightly moist soil:
NY/T16982009
Main wing cellar insect
(Continued)
Characteristics of infection
It fixes on the back of leaves, branches and fruits with its mature and mature form. The main part is seriously damaged. In addition to directly absorbing the host juice, it excretes secretions and accumulates on the leaves, inducing the disease to develop, which hinders photosynthesis. After the plants are damaged, they will be weak. The skin of severely damaged young fruits will shrink, the fruit stalks will turn yellow, and the fruits will fall off when they are hot, which will reduce the coffee yield and reduce the quality of urine. Coee vridis
(Greea)
Prraissetra
takchrshi sp.
The first generation of green aphids lasts from 28 to 12 months. When they emerge, they can produce several white grains in their lifetime. They appear under the mother body. The young ones stay under the body for a short time, and then separate and move around. They are very active, crawling around and settling in suitable places. After settling, they will not move again.
The early season and the environment with poor moisture and wind resistance are conducive to their occurrence. In the rainy season, they can be attacked by fungi, which can cause the density of the insects to drop sharply. The distribution of the insect on the leaves is mostly on both sides of the veins, and on the leaves, it is mostly distributed in the longitudinal micro-depressions. In the cold season, the reproduction rate of green aphids decreases, and the degree of damage is reduced.
Coffee beetles are grown as adults and nymphs and regularly line up on the back of leaves, branches and surfaces to cause damage. In addition to absorbing a large amount of nutrients, they secrete a large amount of liquid that becomes a natural culture medium for bacteria, which induces sooty mold and hinders photosynthesis. When the insect occurs, it densely covers the branches and leaves, which seriously affects the respiration of the coffee tree and weakens the plant's vitality. The new coffee beetle species is composed entirely of sexual individuals. The adults live in solitary cycles, have strong reproductive power, and overlap generations. Each generation can lay hundreds to hundreds of eggs, which are protected by the waxy shell secreted by the mother. The coffee beetle develops through three stages. The first-stage individuals are small, with obvious horns and feet, and can move quickly. They can also be extended to the new shoots that emerge sharply, and can also be delayed by wind and ants. The drought is serious, and the humid and poorly ventilated environment of the coffee garden is conducive to the occurrence of pests.
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