This standard specifies the basic principles and criteria for the rational use of fertilizers. This standard applies to various materials that provide plant nutrients as the main function. NY/T 496-2002 General Rules for the Rational Use of Fertilizers NY/T496-2002 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the basic principles and criteria for the rational use of fertilizers. This standard applies to various materials that provide plant nutrients as the main function.

The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard.
GB/T 6274-1997 Terminology of Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners

Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T496—2002
General
Rule of rational fertilization-2002-01-04 Issued
2002-02-01 Implementation
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T496-2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Henan Soil and Fertilizer Station. The main drafters of this standard: Chen Shoulun, Zhao Hongkui, Ma Changbao, Zheng Yi, Zhao Mengxia, Yi Yulin, Du Sen, Yang Fan. 526
1 Scope
Rule of rational fertilization
This standard specifies the basic principles and rules for the rational use of fertilizers. This standard applies to various materials whose main function is to provide plant nutrients. 2 Normative references
NY/T496—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated references, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated references, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T6274—1997 Terminology of fertilizers and soil conditioners 3 Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Fertilizer
See 2.1.2 of GB/T6274—1997.
Organic fertilizer
See 2.1.4 of GB/T 6274—1997.
Inorganic [mineral] fertilizerInorganic [mineral] fertilizerSee 2.1.3 of GB/T6274-1997.
Straight fertilizerSee 2.1.16 of GB/T6274-1997.
Macro-element
General term for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Secondary element
General term for calcium, magnesium and sulfur.
Nitrogenous fertilizer/nitrogen fertilizerSingle fertilizer with a specified amount of nitrogen (N) to provide nitrogen nutrients to plants as its main function. 527
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Phosphate fertilizer/phosphatic fertilizerSingle fertilizer with a specified amount of phosphorus (P (),) to provide phosphorus nutrients to plants as its main function. 3.9
potash fertilizer
single fertilizer with a specified amount of potassium (K()) to provide potassium nutrients to plants as its main function. 3.10
calcium fertilizer
a fertilizer with a specified amount of calcium (Ca) to provide calcium nutrients to plants as its main function. 3.11
magnesium fertilizer
a fertilizer with a specified amount of magnesium (Mg) to provide magnesium nutrients to plants as its main function. 3.12
sulfur fertilizer
a fertilizer with a specified amount of sulfur (S) to provide sulfur nutrients to plants as its main function. 3.13
trace element
trace element
trace nutrient
see 2.1.25.3 of GB/T6274--1997. 3.14
beneficial element: an element that is not essential for the growth of all plants but is beneficial to the growth of some plants, such as silicon and selenium. 3.15
compound fertilizer
see 2.1.17 of GB/T 6274--1997. 3.16bzxZ.net
complex fertilizer
complex fertilizer
see 2.1. 18 of GB/F 6274-1997. 3.17
blended fertilizer
fertilizer made by dry mixing with at least two nutrients of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in specified amounts, a type of compound fertilizer. 3.18
organic-inorganic compound fertilizer organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is a product derived from organic and inorganic substances with specified nutrients, made by mixing (or) combining organic and inorganic fertilizers. 3.19
microbial fertilizer microbial manure
made ​​from beneficial microorganisms, playing a major role in improving the nutritional conditions of crops. 3.20
Plant nutrient plant nutrient
See 2.1.24 in GB/I 6274--1997. 3.21
Fertilizer nutrient fertilizer nutrient See 2.1.25 in GB/16274--1997.
Balanced fertilization balanced fertilization NY/T 496—2002
A scientific fertilization technique that rationally supplies and regulates the various nutrients necessary for plants so that they can meet the needs of plants in a balanced manner. 3.23
Fertilizer response fertilizer response is the effect of fertilizer on crop yield, usually expressed in terms of the crop yield increase and benefit that can be obtained by the application of unit nutrient of fertilizer.
Fertilization dose rate;dose
See 2.1.23 in GB/T 6274-1997
Regular fertilization is also called customary fertilization, which refers to the average amount of fertilizer (mainly nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers), fertilizer varieties and fertilization methods in the local area in the past three years. 4 Rational use of fertilizers
4.1 Rational fertilization self-standard
Rational fertilization should achieve the goals of high yield, high quality, high efficiency, prevention of environmental pollution and soil improvement and fertilization. 4.2 Principles of rational fertilization
4.2.1 Mineral nutrition theory
In addition to environmental conditions such as light, water, temperature and air, plant growth also requires essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron, molybdenum and chlorine. Each essential element has its specific physiological function, and is equally important and irreplaceable. Beneficial elements can also promote plant growth and development.
4.2.2 Nutrient return theory
When plants are harvested, they take away a lot of nutrients from the soil, which makes the nutrients in the soil less and less, and the soil fertility gradually declines. In order to maintain soil fertility and increase yields, the nutrients taken away by plants should be appropriately returned to the soil. 4.2.3 Minimum nutrient law
Plants have different requirements for essential nutrients. What determines the yield is the effective nutrients in the soil with the least content relative to the plant's needs. Only by supplementing the minimum nutrients according to the soil can high yields be obtained. The minimum nutrients change with changes in conditions such as crop yield and fertilization level. 4.2.4 Law of diminishing returns
Under the condition that other technical conditions are relatively stable, within a certain range of fertilizer application, plant yield increases with the gradual increase in fertilizer application, but the yield increase per unit fertilizer application shows a decreasing trend. After the fertilizer application exceeds a certain limit, the yield will no longer increase, and may even decrease. 4.2.5 Law of comprehensive effect of factors
Plant growth is restricted by many factors such as water, nutrients, light, temperature, air, varieties and farming conditions. Fertilization is only one of the measures to increase plant production. Nutrient supplementation should be combined with other measures to increase production to achieve better results. 4.3 Principles of reasonable fertilization
On the basis of balancing nutrient demand and supply, insist on combining organic fertilizers with inorganic fertilizers; insist on combining macronutrients with medium and trace elements; insist on combining basal fertilizers with topdressing; insist on combining fertilization with other measures. 4.4 Basis for reasonable fertilization
4.4.1 Plant Nutrition Characteristics
Different plant species and varieties, as well as different growth stages and yield levels of the same plant variety, have different nutrient requirements and proportions; different plants have special responses to nutrient types; and different plants also have different abilities to absorb and utilize nutrients. 4.4.2 Soil Properties
Soil type, physical properties, chemical properties, and biological properties lead to different soil fertility retention and supply capacities, thus affecting fertilizer529
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effects.
4.4.3 Fertilizer Properties
Different fertilizer types and varieties and the agrochemical properties of soil after application determine the soil type, plant species, and fertilization method that the fertilizer is suitable for.
4.5 Fertilization Technology
Fertilization technology mainly includes fertilizer type, fertilizer amount, nutrient ratio, fertilization period, fertilization method, and fertilization location. The amount of fertilizer is the core of fertilization technology, and the fertilizer effect is the comprehensive response of the above fertilization technology. 4.5.1 Fertilizer type
Determine the type of fertilizer according to soil properties and plant nutritional characteristics. 4.5.2 Fertilizer amount
The methods for determining the amount of fertilizer mainly include soil fertility zoning (grading) allocation method, target yield allocation method (including nutrient balance method and soil fertility difference subtraction method), field trial allocation method (including fertilizer effect function method and nutrient abundance and deficiency index method), etc. .4.5.3 Nutrient ratio
Adjust the fertilizer nutrient ratio according to plant nutritional characteristics and soil properties to achieve balanced fertilization. 4.5.4 Fertilization period
Apply fertilizer at the right time according to the properties of fertilizer and plant nutritional characteristics. Fertilization should be focused on the key period of plant growth and nutrient absorption, and fertilization should be carried out in stages in areas with irrigation conditions.
4.5.5 Fertilization method
Select the fertilization method according to the properties of fertilizer. For example, nitrogen fertilizer should be applied deeply and covered with soil, and densely planted plants can be spread before watering; water-soluble phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in a concentrated manner, and insoluble phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in layers or piled with organic fertilizer before spreading. 4.5.6 Fertilization location
Choose an appropriate fertilization location based on plant characteristics. For example, topdressing chemical fertilizers for intercropping plants should be applied to the side and lower part of the plant according to the growth of the plant.
5 Evaluation of the benefits of reasonable fertilization
5.1 Yield increase rate
The ratio or percentage of the difference between the yield of reasonable fertilization and the yield of conventional fertilization to the yield of conventional fertilization. The yield increase rate (α) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (1): a(%)==a × 100
Where:
a,. Rational fertilization yield, unit is kilograms per hectare (kg/hm?); a2—conventional fertilization yield, unit is kilograms per hectare (kg/hm2). 5.2 Fertilizer utilization rate
The percentage of a nutrient absorbed by plants from fertilizers in the current season to the total amount of that nutrient in the fertilizers applied. Fertilizer utilization rate is an important indicator to measure whether fertilization is reasonable.
Fertilizer utilization rate (6) is expressed as a percentage (%) and is calculated according to formula (2): b(%)==×100
Where:
b-nutrients absorbed by plants (fertilization treatment), in grams (kg); bz-nutrients supplied by soil (blank treatment), in dry grams (kg); hs-nutrients in fertilizer, in kilograms (kg). 530
·（2）
5.3 Economic Benefit of Fertilization
5.3.1 Net Income
NY/T496—2002
The difference between the output value increased by fertilization and the cost of fertilization. A positive value indicates that fertilization has achieved economic benefits. The larger the amount, the more profit. Net income (c) is expressed in yuan/hm2 and calculated according to formula (3): ...(3)
In the formula:
c--the output value increased by fertilization, in yuan per hectare (yuan/hm2); Ca
the cost of fertilizer application, in yuan per hectare (yuan/hm2). 5.3.2 Input-Output Ratio
Abbreviated as input-output ratio, it is the ratio of fertilization cost to the output value increased by fertilization. The input-output ratio (d) is expressed as a ratio and calculated according to formula (4): d
wherein:
d is the cost of fertilization, in units of yuan per hectare (yuan/hm2); d
is the added output value of fertilization, in units of yuan per hectare (yuan/hm2). 531
(4)
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