This standard specifies the minimum use requirements for thermal performance to ensure that perishable goods in standard air cargo insulated containers maintain their initial state during a maximum of 36 hours of ground handling and air transportation. This standard applies to all specifications and types of air cargo insulated containers. It does not specify the specific content of refrigeration and heating containers and methods and equipment used to obtain the required thermal effect, such as gaseous or liquid refrigerants, or mechanical compressors/heaters. GB/T 18433-2001 Thermal performance requirements for air cargo insulated containers GB/T18433-2001 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the minimum use requirements for thermal performance to ensure that perishable goods in standard air cargo insulated containers maintain their initial state during a maximum of 36 hours of ground handling and air transportation. This standard applies to all specifications and types of air cargo insulated containers. It does not specify the specific content of refrigeration and heating containers and methods and equipment used to obtain the required thermal effect, such as gaseous or liquid refrigerants, or mechanical compressors/heaters.

ICS55.180.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T18433—2001
idt ISO 8058:1999
Air cargo insulated containers thermal efficiency requirements requirements2001-09-03 Issued
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2002-04-01 Implementation
People's Republic of China
National Standard
Requirements for thermal performance of insulated air cargo containers GB/T18433-2001
Published by China Standards Press
No. 16, Sanlihe North Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Tel: 6852394668517548
Printed by China Standards Press Qinhuangdao Printing Factory Xinhua Bookstore Beijing Distribution Office Xinhua Bookstores in various places Format: 880×12301/16 Printing sheet 3/4 Word count: 15,000 words First edition: February 2002 First printing: February 2002 Print run: 1-2000
Book number: 1550661-18084 Price: RMB 8.00 Website: bzcbs.com
Subject: 594-537
Copyright: All rights reserved. Infringements must be investigated
Report phone: (010) 68533533
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GB/T18433—2001
This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO8058:1999 "Air cargo insulated container"
Appendix A of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard is proposed by the Civil Aviation Administration of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Aviation Safety Technology Center of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. This standard was drafted by: Aviation Safety Technology Center of the Civil Aviation Administration of China. The main drafters of this standard are Liu Jiawei, Jiang Mengxiong, Chang Lianyuan and Wang Jinfeng. Thermal performance requirements".
GB/T18433-2001
ISO Foreword
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a worldwide federation composed of national standardization organizations (ISO member groups) of various countries. The drafting of international standards is generally carried out through the technical committees of the International Organization for Standardization. For the established technical committees, each group member has the right to send representatives to participate in the technical committee. Governments and non-governmental international organizations of various countries that have liaison relations with the International Organization for Standardization can also participate in the relevant work. The International Organization for Standardization works closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in all electrical technology standardization work.
The draft international standards prepared by the technical committees will be distributed to the member groups for voting. At least 75% of the voting member groups vote in favor before they can be officially promulgated as an international standard. The international standard ISO8058 was drafted by the Technical Committee for Aircraft and Ground Equipment (ISO/TC20SC9). The first edition of this standard has been technically revised and replaced by the second edition (ISO8058:1985). Appendix A of this international standard is for reference only. I
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GB/T18433—2001
This standard specifies the thermal performance requirements for all specifications of insulated air cargo containers. This standard does not in any way cancel or reduce the requirements for determining the airworthiness, industrial production, ground handling or any other characteristics of this equipment.
In order to make this standard applicable and guiding, the requirements of ISO1496-2:1996 "Technical requirements and test methods for series 1 containers Part 2: Insulated containers" have been considered in terms of thermal performance measurement methods. National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Air cargo insulated containers thermal efficiency requirements1Scope
GB/T18433--2001
idtIso8058:1999
This standard specifies the minimum use requirements for thermal performance to ensure that perishable goods in standard air cargo insulated containers maintain their initial state during a ground operation and air transportation cycle of up to 36 hours. This standard applies to all specifications and types of air cargo insulated containers. It does not specify the specific contents of refrigeration and heating containers and the methods and equipment used to obtain the required thermal effect, such as gaseous or liquid refrigerants, or mechanical compressors/heaters. Notes
1 The term "perishable goods" refers to goods that are required to be kept within a specific temperature range during door-to-door transportation, including air transportation, such as dairy products, fruits, vegetables, flowers, frozen foods, meat, fish, etc. 2 It should be noted that the ambient (atmospheric) temperature in this standard is expressed in degrees Celsius/Fahrenheit (C/F), and the technical (scientific) temperature is expressed in the international standard unit Kelvin (K). Appendix A (suggestive appendix) gives a temperature unit correspondence table for easy conversion. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the use of the following standards for the most appropriate use. Possibility of new editions. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registrations of currently valid standards. ISO11242:1996 Requirements for pressure equalization of aircraft cargo containers 3 Design requirements
3.1 In the design of containers, the effects of heat conduction, convection, radiation and air leakage on the thermal performance of the entire equipment should be carefully considered. At the same time, the optimal balance between the insulation, structure, cost and weight of the container should always be the design goal. 3.2 During the transportation cycle, the temperature of perishable goods can be anywhere between +20C (+68F) and -25℃ (-13F). 3.2.1 During door-to-door transportation, the container should be able to withstand extreme temperatures of +45℃ (+113F) and ~50℃ (-58F) and an external relative mixture of 100%. 3.2.2 For design purposes, the container shall be insulated within the ambient temperature limits specified in 3.2.1, provided that the ambient temperature variation AT does not exceed 53°C (95F), thereby allowing for temperature rises and falls between the origin and destination of the air transport cycle. 3.3 Although no specific thermal radiation test is specified in Chapter 6, consideration shall be given to commonly encountered environments in which the exchange of thermal radiation energy can be minimized.
3.4 ​​There shall be no corners or cracks in the container where dirt, spills and odors may accumulate. There shall be no grooves in the loading area that cannot be cleaned by conventional means.
3.5 The structure of the container shall be such that spilled material during the transport cycle can be collected together and washed and Drained during cleaning. Sufficient measures should be provided to ensure that the cleaning liquid is completely drained from the container. 3.6 The materials used for the container structure, inner surface and insulation layer should neither absorb moisture nor absorb odor, and their performance should not be affected by daily cleaning.
People's Republic of China. Approved on September 3, 2001 by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
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Implementation on April 1, 2002
GB/T18433—2001
3.6.1 Cleaning method Use a pressure hose with a pressure of 689kPa (1001bf/in2) and a temperature of 343K and a strong detergent for flushing. Steam cleaning can also be performed with steam at a temperature of 383K. 3.6.2 Chemical agents for neutralizing odors should not be used when flushing the container. 3.6.3 The container should be able to withstand freezing temperatures if it becomes damp after cleaning. All valves, seals, doors and control devices should remain flexible.
3.6.4 Materials used in containers should be neutral to these goods and comply with applicable hygiene standards because they may come into contact with food and medicines.
4 Pressure regulation
4.1 Basic requirements
Containers should be in a closed state at terminals at different altitudes, and the critical condition should be the height relative to sea level. During use, the container can withstand positive or negative internal pressure. Special attention should be paid to the design of all seals and balancing devices (if installed) which is crucial to controlling heat conduction caused by stagnant air.
4.2 Pressure balance
In addition to 4.1, if the sealing design of the door is not sufficient to release pressure, a pressure balancing device should be installed to achieve two-way pressure balance. This pressure relief device should be able to achieve a pressure difference of 3.45kPa~6.89kPa (0.5Ibf/in2~1.0Ibf/in). 4.3 Exhaust panel
To compensate for the rapid decompression phenomenon that is characteristic of containers during air transport, an exhaust panel or equivalent device that complies with 6.3 of ISO11242:1996 should be installed. The installation of the exhaust panel should not damage the aircraft structure or system, or cause harm when it is in operation. Note: The decompression parameters are based on a process lasting 1s, involving an ambient pressure change from 81kPa (11.8[bf/in\) to 15kPa (2.14Ibf/in*). 5 Airtightness test
5.1 The container should be tested to determine the leakage rate. The test should be carried out after completing the limit load test (if required) required for the suitability and other technical performance of this type of container. 5.2 In the temperature range of 288K298K, the fluctuations in the internal and external temperatures of the container should be stabilized within 3K respectively. The container shall be empty during the test and the door shall be closed in the normal manner. All drains shall be closed at the same time. 5.3 Air shall be introduced through a flow meter and a suitable pressure gauge shall be connected to the container by a leak-proof connection. The pressure gauge shall not be on the air supply pipe. The air flow meter shall be accurate to ±3% of the measured air flow rate and the pressure gauge on the container shall be accurate to ±5%. 5.4 Air shall be introduced into the container to raise the internal pressure to 0.25 kPa ± 0.01 kPa (0.036 lbf/in ± 0.0015 lbf/in2) and the air volume shall be adjusted to maintain this pressure.
5.4.1 The air leakage rate expressed in standard atmospheric conditions shall not be greater than the value listed in Table 1, that is, not more than 40% of the container volume per hour. If the measured air leakage rate is equal to or less than the value listed in Table 1, there is no need to correct the heat leakage rate measured in the heat leakage test (see Chapter 6). 5.4.2 If the measured air leakage rate exceeds the value listed in Table 1, but does not exceed the value listed in Table 2, the U value measured in the heat leakage test shall be increased by the correction value listed in Table 3.
5.5 The air pressure shall be increased to between 3.45kPa and 6.89kPa (0.51bf/in~1.0lbf/in). The pressure relief device or door seal exhaust shall operate within the positive pressure differential range of 3.45kPa~6.89kPa (0.5lbf/in~1.0lbf/in*). Table 1
Container
Air leakage rate
8.49~12.74
300~450
Arch box
120~180
96×125
Container
Air leakage rate
Container
GB/T18433—-2001
8.49~12.74||tt ||300~450
Round arch box
240~360
8.49~12.74
300~450
Round arch box
0.28~0.44
96×125
96×125
6After the tests specified in 5.2 to 5.5 are completed, the container should not have permanent deformation and can be used normally. Closures, seals and pressure 5.6
balance devices should be intact and function.
6Heat leakage test
6.1This test is carried out to determine the overall heat transfer rate U (see 6.5) and heat transfer coefficient K (see 6.1.4) of the container. The container to be tested should be in the configuration ready for use. Any optional configuration and component should be tested separately and the relevant data should be indicated on the label in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 7 of this standard.
6.1.1 The coefficient U is only applicable to one type of container and allows the user to easily determine the heat transfer rate by multiplying the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the container by the heat transfer coefficient. The coefficient K allows the insulation efficiency of containers of different sizes and types to be compared. 6.1.2 The amount of heat leakage should be expressed as a total heat transfer rate U. Derived from the following formula: U-0/)
Where: U. Total heat transfer rate, W/K\;
Q The power consumed or absorbed by the operation of the heat source in the box and the fan or internal cooling equipment, W; 9. 1. Average temperature outside the box, K, which should be the arithmetic mean of the temperature values ​​measured at the end of each test recording interval (see 6.4.7), the temperature measuring points are arranged at 100mm from the outer wall of the box, at least 12 measuring points are arranged, these measuring points are as specified in 6.3.2 and as shown in Figure 1;
0-Average temperature inside the box, K, it should be the arithmetic mean of the temperature values ​​measured at the end of each test recording interval (see 6.4.7), the temperature measuring points are arranged at 100mm from the inner wall of the box, at least 12 measuring points are arranged, these measuring points are as specified in 6.3.1 and as shown in Figure 2.
6.1.3 Average temperature of the box wall 6. Expressed in K; usually: 9=(8+)/2
6.1.4 Heat transfer coefficient K, expressed in W/(m2.K), that is, K=U./S
where U is. ——See definition in 6.1.2;
The average value of the container surface area, m, which is equal to the internal surface area S and the external surface area S of the container. The geometric mean value: S-
is usually expressed as:
If the surface is corrugated, the projected area should be used. 1) 1W/K=0.556W/F=0.860kcal/(hC)=1.895Btu/(h·F)iiKAONiKAca=
GB/T18433-2001
6.2 The test should be carried out under steady state conditions using the internal heating method. All test systems should be selected and calibrated to the following root mean square average accuracy range:
Temperature: ±0.5K, bzxZ.net
Power: ±2% of the measured value.
6.3 The temperature should be measured in accordance with the provisions of 6.3.1 and 6.3.2. 6.3.1 At least 12 measuring points should be arranged at 100mm from the inner wall of the container to measure the air temperature inside the container (Figure 2): a) the eight inner corners of the container;
b) the center of the inner side walls, bottom and top of the container. 6.3.2 At least 12 measuring points should be arranged at 100mm from the outer wall of the container to measure the air temperature outside the container (Figure 1): a) the eight outer corners of the container;
b) the center of the outer side walls, bottom and top of the container. 6.4 The measured data for determining the heat leakage rate of the container should be collected after the temperature of the container wall has been continuously stable for at least 8 hours, and should meet the test conditions specified in 6.4.1~6.4.8.
6.4.1 During the test, the average temperature of the container wall should be between 293K and 311K, and the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the container should not be less than 20K.
Note: It should be noted that it is advisable to use a standard average wall temperature of 293K to evaluate insulated containers, because it can better determine all the factors involved in the container's use conditions and facilitate owners and users to compare different containers. It can also eliminate misunderstandings when applying the total heat transfer rate to different average wall temperatures. Special insulation materials that use curves related to average wall temperature can use appropriate correction factors. For example, some laboratories use the following formula: K291=Km×[1(293m)/200]
Where: K23——Coefficient K when the average wall temperature is 293K,
Coefficient K when the average wall temperature is 9m.
6.4.2 The maximum temperature difference between the hottest and coldest points in the container at any time is: 3K. Unit of illustration: mm
Top view
Side view
Figure 1 Measurement points of air temperature outside the container
Central section view
End view
GB/T18433-2001
Top view
Side view
Figure 2 Measurement points of air temperature inside the container
6.4.3 The maximum temperature difference between the hottest and coldest points outside the container at any time is: 3K. Unit of illustration: mm
Central section view
End view
6.4.4 The maximum percentage difference between the lowest and highest power consumption values ​​in W should not exceed 3% of the lowest value. 6.4.5 The maximum temperature difference between the average air temperature of any two points inside the container at any time is: 1.5K. 6.4.6 The maximum temperature difference between the average air temperature of any two points outside the container at different times is: 1.5K. 6.4.7 The interval for recording all readings should not exceed 30min. 6.4.8 All temperature measuring instruments installed inside and outside the container should be designed so that the heat radiation effect they produce can be ignored. 6.5 Calculate the total heat leakage rate U, W/K, based on at least 17 readings during a continuous test period: U=1/n
Where: n≥17.
6.6 Calculate the average value of the average container wall temperature during the test period: .
Where: n≥17.
6.7 During any test, the velocity of the outside air at a distance of 100 mm (4 in) from the container shall not exceed 2 m/s (6.6 ft/s). 6.8 No test method shall produce frost that would affect the test results. 7 Labels
7.7 Labels that meet the requirements for loading and unloading shall contain the following information: a) Total heat transfer rate U., expressed in W/C;
b) Applicable average wall temperature e, expressed in °C. 7.2 The size of the label should be 60mm×125mm and it should be permanently fixed on the container and clearly marked with 10mm high boldface characters in the following format:
Heat transfer rate
Average temperature of container wall
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...W/℃ (Btu/(hF))
℃(F)
GB/T18433-2001
Appendix A
(Suggestive Appendix)
Temperature unit correspondence table
Table A1 gives the corresponding values ​​of temperature units using international standards. Table A1
Absolute temperature
Note: Temperature difference 1K=1℃=1.8F.
GB/T18433-2001
Celsius overflow
—273.15
Fahrenheit temperature
Copyright reserved. Infringements must be investigated
Book number: 1550661-18084
Subjects 594-537
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