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NY/T439--2001
Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both appendices of the standard. This standard is proposed and managed by the Crop Production Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture. Introduction
This standard was drafted by the Fruit and Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are Nie Jiyun, Yang Zhenfeng, Dou Liandeng, Zhang Guifen, Ma Zhiyong and Cong Peihua. 48
1 Scope
Agricultural Industry Standards of the People's Republic of China
Standards for appearance grades of apples
Standards for appearance grades of apples This standard specifies the appearance grades of fresh apples and their inspection methods. This standard is applicable to the grading of the appearance of fresh apples (excluding small apples). 2 Referenced Standards
NY/T 439-2001
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were all valid. All standards are subject to revision. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB/T10651-1989 Fresh Apple
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Fully developedwwW.bzxz.Net
The fruit grows naturally into the appropriate size and shape. 3.2 Ripe
The fruit is fully developed, showing the unique color, aroma and taste of this variety, and the flesh is crisp. 3.3 Intact fruit
The fruit has a complete shape.
3.4 Good
The fruit has no insect eyes, diseases or rot.
3.5 Fresh
The fruit has no dehydration, wrinkled skin, darkened color, etc. 3.6 Clean
The fruit surface has no obvious dust, dirt, drug residues or other foreign matter. 3.7 Foreign smell
See 3.4 in GB/T 10651--1989.
3.8 No abnormal external moisture
No wet fruit. However, when the fruit is removed from the cold storage or cold car, it is allowed to carry light condensation due to temperature differences. 3.9 Puncture injury
See 3.17 of GB/T 10651-1989. 3.10 Insect fruit
See 3.26 of GB/T10651-1989.
3.11 Disease
Approved by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China on February 12, 2001 and implemented on May 1, 2001
It can be divided into physiological diseases and infectious diseases. 3.11.1 Physiological diseases
NY/T 439—2001
Mainly include tiger skin disease, bitter pit disease, pox disease, fruit shrinkage disease, ruby spot disease, brown heart disease, flesh browning, water core disease, chilling injury, carbon dioxide poisoning, etc.
3.11.2 Infectious diseases
Mainly include anthracnose, ring rot, black spot, brown rot, moldy heart disease, powdery mildew, black spot disease, penicillium, green mold, rust, green wrinkled fruit disease, etc.
3.12 Fruit stalk integrity
See 3.13 in GB/T 10651—1989.
3.13 Color
The color of the fruit skin of this variety when it is ripe. 3.14 Single fruit weight
The weight of a single fruit is the basis for determining the size of the fruit, in grams (g). 3.15 Fruit shape
The shape that the fruit of this variety should have when it is ripe. A proper fruit shape means that there are no abnormal obvious depressions and protrusions. Fruits with serious shape deviations and deformations are deformed fruits.
3.16 Fruit rust
Rust-like cork-like substances covering the fruit skin, including flaky and reticular types. 3.17 Fruit surface defects
Damage to the fruit skin caused by natural or human factors. 3.18 Bumps
Human damage caused by bumps or pressure on the fruit. Slight bumps and crushes refer to the skin of the injured part not being broken, the injured surface being slightly depressed, the color change not being obvious, and no juice overflowing.
3.19 Abrasions
See 3.19 in GB/T10651-1989.
3.20 Water rust
Rust spots on the fruit surface caused by water staying on the fruit surface for a long time. 3.21 Sunburn
See 4.15 of GB/T10650-1989.
3.22 Pesticide damage
The spots left on the fruit surface after spraying pesticides and the damage caused by them. Minor pesticide damage refers to small, sparse spots and inconspicuous reticular thin layers.
3.23 Old wounds
See 3.23 of GB/T10651-1989.
3.24 Fruit cracking
See 3.24 of GB/T 10651--1989. 3.25 Insect damage
Surface scars caused by leaf rollers, cotton bollworms, corn snails, stink bugs, beetles, etc. that damage fruits and eat the peel and flesh. The infested area should include the wound and the corky part around it. 3.26 Irregular black rough spots, usually more in the calyx pit. 3.27 Small defects
See 3.28 in GB/T 10651-1989.50
3.28 Tolerance
See 3.32 in GB/T10651-1989.
Appearance grade
See Table 1 for the specifications of apple appearance grade.
NY/T 439--2001
Table 1 Apple Appearance Grade Specifications
Basic Requirements
Single Fruit Weight, g
Fully developed, mature, complete and good fruit, fresh and clean, free from odor, abnormal external moisture, punctures, insect fruit and diseases, the fruit stem is complete and has the color of this variety or when ripe. For the specific provisions of the main apple varieties, please refer to Appendix A (Appendix to the Standard). For the single fruit weight grade requirements of the main apple varieties, please refer to Appendix B (Standard Appendix). Straight
Not exceeding the stem depression and note, not rough
Brown flake rust
Fruit 1)
Net-like thin layer
Heavy rust spots
Crushing injuries
Should not exceed 2% of the fruit surface
Relatively regular
Minor damage is allowed
May slightly exceed the stem depression and the humus depression, and the surface is not rough
Should not exceed 10% of the fruit surface
Should not exceed 2% of the fruit surface
Black abrasions are allowed, and the area does not exceed
Minor abrasions are allowed, and the area does not exceed
Small defects
Minor thin layers are allowed, and the area does not exceed
Minor thin layers, and the area does not More than 1.0cm2
Light marks are allowed, with an area not exceeding 0.5cm2
Defects are allowed, but no deformed fruit
Injuries are allowed, but there are still fruit stalks
Not exceeding the fruit shoulder, and the surface is slightly rough
Not exceeding 20% of the fruit surface
Not exceeding 10% of the fruit surface
Dryness and punctures are allowed, with an area not exceeding
Minor bumps and crushes are allowed, with an area not exceeding
Abrasions that do not affect the appearance are allowed, with an area not exceeding 2.0cm2
The area shall not exceed 2.0cm2
Minor sunburn is allowed, with an area not exceeding
Minor pesticide damage is allowed, with an area not exceeding
Minor injury is allowed, with an area not exceeding
One wind-dried crack shorter than 0.5cm is allowed
Blight and insect damage is allowed, with an area not exceeding
Blight and insect damage is allowed, with an area not exceeding 0.6cm2
The area shall not exceed 0.3cm
No more than 5 items
1) Only varieties with fruit rust as their inherent characteristics can have fruit rust defects. 2) Fruit surface defects, no more than 1 special item, no more than 2 first-class items, and no more than 3 second-class items. The area shall not exceed 0.6cm2
No more than 10 pieces
5 Inspection method
5.1 Inspection rules
NY/T 439--2001
According to 6.1~~6.6 of GB/T10651-1989 and 5.1.1~5.1.4 of this standard. 5.1.1 The fruit of each grade allowed by the tolerance can only be the adjacent grade fruit. The second grade is not allowed to include obviously rotten, severely crushed, and severely cracked fruits that have not healed in the tolerance.
5.1.2 The determination of the tolerance is calculated based on the average number of all sampled packages. 5.1.3 The fruit with damaged stalks allowed by the tolerance shall not have its stalks damaged to the skin. 5.1.4 The percentage specified in the tolerance is generally calculated based on weight. If the number of fruits is marked on the package, it should be calculated based on the number of fruits. 5.1.5 Acceptance Tolerances
a) Special Grade may have not more than 2% of First Grade fruit. In addition, not more than 2% of the fruit may have slight damage to the stalk. b) First Grade may have not more than 5% of the fruit not meeting the quality requirements of this grade, of which not more than 3% may be stringy, not more than 1% may be damaged, and not more than 1% may be insect-infested. In addition, not more than 5% of the fruit may be without stalk. c) Second Grade may have not more than 8% of the fruit not meeting the quality requirements of this grade, of which not more than 4% may be stringy, not more than 2% may be damaged, and not more than 2% may be insect-infested. In addition, not more than 10% of the fruit may be without stalk. Fruit within the tolerance range of this grade shall not be affected in its normal appearance and shall be of suitable quality for consumption. d) For each grade, not more than 5% of the fruit may not meet the prescribed range of single fruit weight. 5.1.6 The whole batch shall not have too significant differences in fruit size. 5.1.7 For apples that have been stored, not more than 5% of the fruit may be affected by physiological diseases that do not affect appearance and consumption, regardless of the prescribed limit of surface defects.
5.1.8 Provided that the whole batch of apples meets the tolerance specified for the grade, the tolerance of a single package shall not exceed 1.5 times the specified tolerance.
5.2 Grade specification inspection
Perform in accordance with 5.1 of GB/T10651--1989, but the weight of a single fruit shall be measured using a small platform scale (sensitivity of 2g). 52
Marshal
Fuji
Special color
Intense red or purple
Red slices/stripes
Intense red or bright red
NY/T439--2001
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Color grade requirements
Color grade requirements for major apple varieties
Minimum coloring percentage, %
Gala
Jonagold
Tsugaru
Golden Crown
For varieties not covered in this table, refer to the similar varieties in the table for implementation. Characteristic color
Intense red or bright red
Dark red or intense red
Yellow-green or green-yellow
Golden Crown varieties picked early for export and for long-term storage are allowed to have light green color, but dark green is not allowed. 2
Appendix B
(Appendix to the standard)
Requirements for single fruit weight
Table B1 Requirements for single fruit weight of major apple varieties Variety
Marshal
Jonakin
Fuji
≥240
≥240
≥200
≥220
≥220
≥220
≥180
≥180
≥200
≥200
≥200
≥160
≥160
≥160
≥160
||Golden Crown
Tsugaru
Gara
Minimum coloration percentage, %
All grades shall show their inherent
color
≥200
≥200
≥200
≥200
≥180
≥180
≥180
≥180
≥180
≥150
≥160
≥160
≥160
≥160
≥120
≥120
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