The purpose of this standard is to enable its users (such as standard setters and mechanical designers) to avoid the risk of crushing. This standard specifies the minimum distances corresponding to various parts of the human body and is applicable to situations where sufficient safety can be achieved in this way. This standard only applies to risks from crushing hazards and does not apply to other possible hazards, such as impact, shearing and entrapment. GB 12265.3-1997 Mechanical safety Minimum distances to avoid crushing of various parts of the human body GB12265.3-1997 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB12265.31997
This standard is equivalent to the European standard EN349:1993 (ISO/DIS13854) "Minimum distance to avoid compression of various parts of the human body for mechanical safety".
The only technical difference between this standard and EN349 is that the minimum distance to avoid compression of the legs is 210mm, which is 30mm larger than 180mm in EN349, otherwise it is not enough to ensure the safety of the 99th percentile of the legs of Chinese adults. The main differences between this standard and GB12265-90 "Safety distance for mechanical protection" are: adding items to avoid compression of toes; the minimum distance to avoid compression of the head is increased by 20mm, which is consistent with EN349. From the date of implementation, all newly designed products must comply with the provisions of this standard, while old products can be transitioned to December 31, 1999 according to GB12265-90.
Appendix A of this standard is a reminder appendix.
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Labor of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee on Machinery Safety Standardization. This standard was drafted by the China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. Drafters of this standard: Zhang Mingxu, Huang Hongkang, Ma Xianzhi, Li Qin. 32
GB12265.31997
EN Foreword
This European Standard was prepared by the Working Group 2 "Safety Distances" of the CEN/TC114 "Safety of Machinery" Committee. This European Standard was prepared by CEN on behalf of the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association Secretariat to support the essential requirements of the EC Directives.
This European Standard shall be established as a national standard by the publication of an equivalent text or by recognition by the end of October 1993 at the latest. At the same time, any conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn by the end of October 1993 at the latest. According to CEN/CENELEC internal regulations, the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. 33bZxz.net
0 Introduction
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety of machinery
Minimum gaps to avoidcrushing of parts of the human bodySafety of machinery-Minimum gaps to avoidcrushing of parts of the human bodyGB12265.3—1997
Replaces GB12265--90
According to GB/T15706.1, the safety of machinery means: the ability of a machine to perform its function under the intended conditions of use specified in the instruction manual and to transport, install, adjust, maintain, dismantle and handle without causing injury or health hazards. Using the minimum gaps in this standard is a way to avoid the danger of crushing of parts of the human body. The following factors must be considered when specifying minimum distances: accessibility of the crush zone;
Study of anthropometric data and ethnic differences of users; - technology and application, etc.
1 Scope
The purpose of this standard is to enable its users (such as standard setters and machine designers) to avoid the risk of crushing. This standard specifies the minimum distances corresponding to various parts of the human body and is applicable to occasions where sufficient safety can be achieved in this way. This standard only applies to risks from crushing hazards and does not apply to other possible hazards, such as impact, shear and entrapment. Note: For hazards such as impact, shear and entrapment, other measures must be taken. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard was published, the versions shown were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB12265.1—1997 Machinery safety Safety distance to prevent upper limbs from touching dangerous areas GB/T15706.11995 Basic concepts and general design principles for machinery safety Part 1: Basic terms and methodology GB/T15706.2--1995 Basic concepts and general design principles for machinery safety Part 2: Technical principles and specifications GB16856-1997 Principles of risk assessment for machinery safety 3 Definitions
In addition to the definitions given in GB/T15706.1 and GB12265.1, this standard also adopts the following definitions: Crushing zone
A region in which the human body or a part of it may be subject to the danger of crushing. This crushing hazard may occur in the following situations (see Appendix A for illustration).
Two moving parts move towards each other;
The moving part moves towards the fixed part.
Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on July 7, 1997 34
Implementation on February 1, 1998
4 Minimum spacing
4.1 How to use this standard
GB12265.3--1997
The minimum spacing specified in this standard should be part of a multiple safety countermeasure, which is a requirement set forth in Chapter 5 "Countermeasures for selecting safety measures" of GB/T15706.1-1995. Users of this standard should:
a) identify various crushing hazards;
b) pay special attention to the following items when evaluating risks according to GB/T15706.1 and GB/T16856: - When the risk of crushing hazards involving different parts of the human body is foreseeable, the minimum distance α in Table 1 that has the greatest relationship with these parts should be selected;
- If there are children in the risk group, their unpredictable behavior and body size; whether various parts of the body can enter the crushing area outside the diagram in Table 1; whether they wear thick or bulky protective clothing (such as high and low temperature protective clothing) or carry tools; - Whether the machine is used by people wearing thick-soled shoes (such as wood), which will increase the effective size of the foot. c) Select the minimum distance a suitable for the body part involved in the risk from Table 1 (see Appendix A for examples); d) If the minimum distance selected from Table 1 cannot ensure adequate safety, other additional measures should be adopted (see GB/T15706.1, GB/T15706.2 and GB12265.1).
If the minimum distance corresponding to the largest expected body part does not meet the safety requirements, the following example gives a special method to limit the entry of smaller body parts.
The use of a protective structure with a limited opening can prevent the entry of smaller body parts into the crush zone, as shown in Figure 1. The possibility of a specific body part entering the crush zone is related to the following factors: the distance α between the fixed part and the movable part or between two movable parts; the depth of the crush zone b;
The opening size c of the protective structure and the distance d from the protective structure to the crush zone. Note: The opening size related to the safety distance can be found in GB 12265.1. Protective structure
Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a protective structure with a limited opening e) If it is necessary to deviate from the minimum distance in Table 1 in certain applications, the relevant standards should indicate how to achieve an adequate level of safety.
4.2 Values ​​
Table 1 gives the minimum distance values ​​for avoiding crushing of various parts of the human body. See 4.1 for how to select the appropriate minimum spacing. 35
Body parts
Wrist and fist
GB 12265.3—1997
Table 1 Minimum spacing
Minimum spacing
GB12265.3—1997
Appendix A
(Indicative Appendix)
Illustration of crushing zones
The crushing zones and the considered body parts indicated in Figure A1 are only some examples. For the application of risk assessment, see 4.1. /1/
Figure A1 Illustration of crushing zones
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