Some standard content:
ICS13.180
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T33658—2017
Thermal comfort requirements and evaluation for indoor environment2017-05-12Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2017-12-01Implementation
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1—2009. This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Ergonomics Standardization (SAC/TC7). GB/T33658—2017
The drafting units of this standard are: China National Institute of Standardization, Qingdao Haier Air Conditioner Co., Ltd., Zhongbiao Energy Efficiency Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Tsinghua University, China Academy of Building Research, China Astronaut Training Center, Guangdong Weike Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangdong Midea Refrigeration Equipment Co., Ltd., Zhuhai Gree Electric Appliances Co., Ltd., Daikin (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Ningbo Aux Air Conditioner Co., Ltd., Sichuan Changhong Air Conditioner Co., Ltd., TCL Air Conditioner (Zhongshan) Co., Ltd., Guangdong Ouke Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Co., Ltd. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhao Chaoyi, Hu Huimin, Fu Yu, Zhang Xinqi, Zhang Jiafeng, Qi Yun, Shao Guangda, Ding Li, Qiu Yifen, Wang Rui, Xu Wei, Li Zheng, Zhang Fangxin, Wang Tao, Wu Zhidong, Zhang Tao, Chen Chaoxin, Hu Mingxia, Zhang Jianqiang, Bai Bian, Ji Changqi, Zhang Bo, Chen Jun. 1 Scope
Requirements and evaluation methods for indoor thermal comfort environment for human beings This standard specifies the technical requirements and evaluation methods for indoor thermal comfort environment for human beings. GB/T33658—2017
This standard is applicable to the design and evaluation of indoor thermal environment under moderate heat conditions in daily work and life, and can also be used for thermal comfort evaluation of room air conditioning systems. The requirements for thermal comfort environment for human beings under special conditions such as cinemas and hospitals can be used with reference to this standard. 2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. GB/T5701 Indoor thermal environment conditions
GB/T7725 Room air conditioner
GB/T10000 Human body dimensions of Chinese adults
GB/T18048 Ergonomics of thermal environment Determination of metabolic rate GB/T18049 Determination of PMV and PPD index and provisions of thermal comfort conditions for moderate thermal environment ISO7726 Ergonomics of thermal environment—Instruments for measuring physical quantities 3 Terms and definitions
Terms and definitions defined in GB/T18049, GB/T5701 and ISO7726 and the following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
Thermal environment thermalenvironment
Environmental characteristics that affect heat exchange in the human body.
[GB/T5701—2008, definition 3.7]
Thermal comfortthermalcomfort
Indicates the subjective satisfaction with the thermal environment, which is assessed through subjective evaluation. [GB/T5701—2008, definition 3.4]
Predicted mean thermal sensation index
predictedmeanyote
The average value of a large sample of people voting on a 7-point thermal sensation scale (see Table 1). Table 1 Thermal sensation scale
Feeling description
GB/T33658-—2017
[GB/T5701—2008, definition 3.197
Vertical air temperature differencewerticalairtemperaturedifferenceThe air temperature difference in the vertical direction after the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state. 3.5
Draughtrate
The percentage of dissatisfied people due to airflow taking away human body heat. 3.6
Temperature uniformitytemperatureevennessThe difference in temperature at different measuring points at the same time after the indoor environment reaches thermal stability. 3.7
Thermal stable statethermalstablestateThe thermal environment state when the average value of all indoor measuring points is calculated every 20 minutes within a time interval of about 1 hour, and the difference between 3 consecutive average values is not greater than 1℃.
Temperature fluctuationtemperaturefluctuationThe amplitude of indoor temperature change within a specified time period after the indoor environment reaches thermal stability. 3.9
Equivalent space temperaturespaceequivalenttemperatureThe temperature of a hypothetical space with zero wind speed, uniform temperature of the enclosing walls and internal air, in which the dry heat of the heated full-size human-shaped sensor through radiation and convection heat transfer is the same as the heat transfer in the actual non-uniform environment. 3.10
Height of forehead heightofforehead
In sitting or standing position, the vertical distance from the brow point (the center point between the two eyebrows) to the horizontal ground. 4
Technical requirements and scoring
Requirements and scoring of thermal environment parameters
4.1.1 Temperature fluctuation
After the indoor thermal environment is stable, measure the temperature value of each detection point during the acquisition time according to the method given in Chapter 5. The temperature fluctuation (T) of a single measurement point 1 is expressed by the standard deviation of the temperature of the measurement point during the acquisition time, as shown in formula (1). 2 (tt.)2
Where:
Tr is the temperature fluctuation value of the indoor measurement point, in degrees Celsius (℃); N, is the number of temperatures recorded at the measurement point within the specified time; t,
is the instantaneous temperature of the measurement point, in degrees Celsius (℃); the average temperature of the measurement point during the acquisition time, in degrees Celsius (℃). N
（1）
The temperature fluctuation of the whole indoor environment (Tb) is the average value of the temperature fluctuation of all measuring points, see formula (2). Tr.who
Where:
M—Total number of indoor temperature measuring points.
GB/T33658—2017
+（2）
After the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state, the ambient temperature fluctuation value (Tfwhole) within 1 hour should not exceed 2°C. The indoor ambient temperature fluctuation is scored according to formula (3).
Rrf-5—2.857(T,whole—0.6)
Where:
The score of indoor ambient temperature fluctuation; when Tfwhal≤0.6℃, Rf=5; when Twhle>2℃, R=1. 4.1.2 Temperature uniformity
（3）
After the indoor thermal environment is stable, measure the temperature value of each detection point during the acquisition time according to the method given in Chapter 5. Calculate the instantaneous indoor temperature uniformity at the moment Te
Where:
Dp (t,-t)
The instantaneous temperature uniformity at the moment, in degrees Celsius (℃); M, the total number of indoor temperature measurement points;
The instantaneous temperature of detection point j, in degrees Celsius (℃); The instantaneous average temperature of all measurement points, in degrees Celsius (℃). th
The temperature uniformity of the whole room (Tl) is the average value of the instantaneous temperature uniformity during the acquisition time, see formula (5)Te,wbole
Where:
N, the number of temperatures recorded at the measuring point within the specified time. iTan
(4)
+(5)
After the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state, the temperature uniformity (Twhil) should not be greater than 2°C. The indoor environment temperature uniformity is scored according to formula (6).
Rr=5—2.222(Twhole—0.2)
Where:
The score of the indoor environment temperature uniformity, when Tbl≤0.2°C, R=5, when Trhl>2°C, R=1. 4.1.3 Vertical air temperature difference
· (6)
After the indoor thermal environment is stable, measure the temperature values of the detection points at the head and ankle positions of the personnel in the sitting state during the collection time according to the method given in Chapter 5. The dissatisfaction percentage (PD) of the indoor personnel due to the vertical air temperature difference at the head and ankle positions is calculated using formula (7) (see ISO7730:2005).
1+exp(5.760.856x）
Where:
The dissatisfaction rate caused by the vertical air temperature difference between the head and ankles on the th vertical line, %;·(7)
GB/T33658—2017
Where:
theade
The average vertical air temperature difference between the head and ankles in the same vertical line direction during the acquisition time [see formula (8): The unit is Celsius (℃), and formula (7) is only applicable to △t, <8℃. Atary
(thnd oeai)
The number of temperatures recorded at the measuring point within the specified time; The head measuring point temperature at the th moment, in Celsius (℃); The ankle measuring point temperature at the th moment, in Celsius (℃). (82
The dissatisfaction rate (PD) caused by the vertical air temperature difference of the indoor environment is the average dissatisfaction rate of the head and ankle position measurement point group on all vertical lines, see formula (9).
PDwhaole
Where:
PDhole
The dissatisfaction rate caused by the vertical air temperature difference of the indoor environment, %: the total number of indoor vertical measurement lines.
(9)
After the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state, the dissatisfaction rate (PDhol) caused by the vertical air temperature difference should not be greater than 20%. The vertical air temperature difference is scored according to formula (10).| |tt||Rt-5—0.235(PDhle—3)
Where:
·（10）
Rt——the score of the vertical air temperature difference between the head and ankle in the indoor environment; when PDbole≤3, RT—5; when Pdhle>20, R=1.
4.1.4 Wind Sensation Index
After the indoor thermal environment is stable, measure the temperature and wind speed of each detection point during the collection time according to the method given in Chapter 5. Calculate the local wind sensation index (DR) of the detection point during the collection time according to formula (11) (see ISO7730:2005). DR =(34-t)(v-0.05)0.62(0.37× vX T+3.14) where:
the wind sensation index at the detection point, if DR,>100%, then take DR,=100%; a local average air temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃); a local average air velocity, in meters per second (m/s); if u≤0.05m/s, then take u,0.05m/sTu
where:
. (11)
a local flow intensity, %, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of the local air velocity to the local average air velocity [see formula (12), in Between 10% and 60%. If unknown, 40% can be used. (w—0)?
N, -1
N, the number of wind speeds recorded at the measuring point within the specified time; Dar
the local instantaneous air velocity at the moment, in meters per second (m/s). + (12)
The wind sensation index of the indoor environment is the average value of the local wind sensation index of all detection points (DRbl), see formula (13), the wind sensation index of the indoor environment should not be greater than 40%.
Where:
DRwhale——Indoor environment wind sensation index, %; M,
Total number of indoor wind sensation index detection points.
Indoor environment wind sensation index is scored according to formula (14) RDR=5—0,133(DRhole—10)
Where:
GB/T33658—2017
*-（14）
RD——Indoor environment wind sensation index score, when DRwhbl≤10, RDR=5; when DRwbal>4 0,RR=1.4.1.5 Estimated Mean Thermal Sensation Index (PMV) After the indoor thermal environment is stable, select the human metabolic rate (70W/m) in the sitting activity state (office, residence, school, laboratory), select the clothing thermal resistance (0.50clo) when wearing underpants, short-sleeved shirts, light pants, thin shorts, and shoes, or select the clothing thermal resistance (1.00clo) when wearing underpants, shirts, pants, jackets, socks, and shoes. According to the method given in Chapter 5, measure the temperature, humidity, wind speed and other parameter values of each detection point during the collection time. Refer to the method in Appendix A, consider the thermal comfort characteristics of the Chinese human body, calculate the PMV of the detection point, and the PMV of the indoor environment is the average of the PMV of all detection points.
For different activity states and clothing conditions, when calculating PMV, you can refer to Appendix B to select clothing thermal resistance according to actual conditions, and refer to Appendix C to select different activity metabolic rates.
After the PMV value is determined, use formula (15) to calculate the expected dissatisfaction rate (PPD) of indoor personnel with the thermal environment. PPD=100-95Xexp(-0.03353XPMV4-0.2179XPMV)..··（15）
The PMV of the indoor environment should be within the range of (-1, +1), that is, the expected dissatisfaction rate (PPD) of the indoor environment should not be greater than 25%. The indoor environment PMV is scored according to formula (16).
RpM=5-0.211(PPD—6)
Where:
RpMV--—the score of indoor environment PMV; when PPD≤6, RpMV=5, when PPD>25, RpMV=1. 4.2 Evaluation requirements and scoring of thermal manikin
（16）
Refer to the equivalent space temperature tal of the thermal manikin required in Appendix D for thermal environment comfort evaluation. Place the calibrated manikin in the thermal manikin detection position specified in 5.1, test the temperature and heating heat flow of the manikin head, left and right upper arms, left and right forearms, left and right hands, back, chest, buttocks, left and right thighs, left and right calves, left and right feet, etc., and wait until the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state and the thermal manikin meets the control requirements in Appendix D, and record the test data within the collection time. The relationship between the equivalent space temperature and the thermal sensation of the human body depends on the human activity level and clothing conditions. When doing indoor activities, the metabolic rate is 70 W/m, and the clothing thermal resistance is 0.50 clo and 1.00 clo. The equivalent space temperature twhal of the thermal manikin is calculated according to formula (17): Qwhole
t ea whole = ak whole
hal.wbole
Where:
t skewhole
Qwhiole
Z (tkXA,)
Z-(Q:XA)
tawbale————the area-weighted average equivalent space temperature of the thermal manikin, in degrees Celsius (℃); Qwhale is the area-weighted heating heat flow rate of the thermal manikin, in watts per square meter (W/m); (17)
ft cal, whole
The heat transfer coefficient between the surface of the manikin and the environment is measured in a standard uniform thermal environment (see Appendix D), in watts per square meter Celsius [W/(m"·℃)]; 5
GB/T33658—2017
Manikin segment number, = 16;
Surface temperature of manikin segment i, in degrees Celsius (℃); Heating heat flux of manikin segment i, in watts per square meter (W/m\); Surface temperature of manikin segment i The unit is square meters (m2). For the test control principle of the mannequin surface temperature and heating heat flux in the equivalent space temperature calculation formula (17), please refer to Appendix D. When the thermal resistance of the clothing is 0.50clo, the equivalent space temperature tewhol of the heated mannequin should be between 23.3℃ and 28.5℃, and the score is based on formula (18); when the thermal resistance of the clothing is 1.00clo, the equivalent space temperature tewliole of the heated mannequin should be between 19.5℃ and 26.7℃, and the score is based on formula (19).
R tepsummer =5-1.905X/ teqwhiole —25.9 where:
Ruep sumtan
where:
Rteg winter
5 detection
detection point setting
· (18)
When the clothing thermal resistance is 0.50clo, the indoor environment thermal manikin evaluation score is: if Rtesummer5, then take Rtensumn=5, if Rtet,summer<1,Then take Rtet,summer-1. Rtewinter =5—1.429×teawhole—23.11.（19）
When the clothing thermal resistance is 1.00clo, the indoor environment thermal manikin evaluation score; if Rteawinter>5, then take Rteawinter=5; if Rtetwinter<1, then take Rtewinter=1.5.1.1 Horizontal arrangement of detection points
Detection points should be selected at locations where indoor personnel are known or expected to be located. Select representative locations in the work area to set up detection points. If the use and layout of the space cannot be predicted, detection points can be set at the center of the room. Detection points should be set in areas where personnel activities may occur where extreme thermal parameters may occur, such as near windows, indoor exit diffusion, corners and entrances. The distance between adjacent temperature detection points should be less than 0.5m.
If there is no significant difference in humidity distribution in the room or thermal conditioning area, only one point of humidity needs to be measured in the room or area under test. The location of the test point of the heated manikin should be located in the center of the room or near the center of the main activity area of the personnel. 5.1.2 Layout of the height of the test point from the ground
The vertical height of the test point from the ground should take into account the different activity postures and body sizes of the indoor personnel. The measurement height of temperature and wind speed in the sitting state should at least include the vertical distance of 0.10m and 0.90m from the ground (0.10m is the ankle height of the 5th percentile Chinese female, and 0.90m is the forehead height of the 95th percentile Chinese male sitting); while the measurement height in the standing state should at least include the vertical distance of 0.10m and 1.70m from the ground (1.70m is the forehead height of the 95th percentile Chinese male standing). The human body size data of Chinese adults can be found in GB/T10000.
5.2 Test instruments
The characteristics of the test instruments should meet the requirements of Table 2. For other measuring instrument requirements, see ISO7726. Table 2 Requirements for test instruments
Measurement items
Air temperature
Radiation temperature
Measurement range
0℃～40℃
10℃~40℃
Accuracy
Response time
Measurement items
Relative humidity
Measurement range
30%~70%
0.05m/s~5m/s||tt| |Test data collection status and time
Table 2 (continued)
Accuracy
Response time
GB/T33658—2017
Unless the airflow is unidirectional, the wind speed sensor should be able to measure the wind speed in any direction
After the indoor environment reaches a thermally stable state, start collecting test data. Each measuring point should collect 1 hour of measurement parameters such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The data collection interval should not exceed 30 seconds. 5.4 Room air conditioner thermal comfort detection The room air conditioner thermal comfort detection method is shown in Appendix E. 6
Score weight
The indoor thermal environment comfort evaluation score is obtained by weighted average of the thermal environment parameter evaluation score and the thermal manikin evaluation score. The weights of the evaluation items are shown in Table 3.
3 Weights of evaluation items
Evaluation itemsbzxZ.net
Temperature fluctuation
Temperature uniformity
Vertical air temperature difference
Wind sensation index
Thermal manikin
Thermal environment rating
Weight/%
According to the calculation method given in Chapter 4, the indoor thermal environment parameter score and the thermal manikin score are obtained respectively. According to the weights of each evaluation item in 6.1, the weighted sum is performed to obtain the indoor thermal environment comfort evaluation score. The indoor thermal comfort environment evaluation grade adopts a 5-star system, with 5 stars being the best. The indoor thermal environment comfort evaluation score of each star (the total score is 5.00 points) shall comply with the provisions in Table 4. Table 4
★★★★★
★★★★
★★★
Indoor thermal comfort environment evaluation star
Evaluation score
4.00~4.49
3.00~3.49
GB/T33658—2017
PMV can be calculated according to formula (A.1):
PMV=(0.303e-0.036M+0.028)
Where:
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
PMV calculation formula
(MW)-3.05X10-3X[5733-6.99MW)-PJ-0.42×[（MW）- 58.15]-1.7×10-M(5867-P)-0.0014M(34-t)-3.96X10-faX
[(ta+273)—(t+273)-fah(ta-t). (A.1)
ta=35.7-0.028(MW)-Ia(3.96X10-faX[( ta+273)1-(t,+273)\)+fah.(ta-t))h=
(2.38(ta—ta)0.252.38(ta—t)0.25>12.1a(12.1/uar
when 2.38(ta—t)0.25<12.1v
(1.00+1.290 1aWhen Ia≤0.078m2.℃/l1.05+0.6451aWhen la>0.078m2.℃/WPMV
Expected average thermal sensation index;
Metabolic rate, in watts per square meter (W/m2); Heat consumed in external work (negligible for most activities), in watts per square meter (W/m); Water vapor partial pressure, in Pascal (Pa); Air temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃); Ratio of the body surface area of a person when dressed to that of a person when naked; Clothing surface temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃); Average radiation temperature, in degrees Celsius (℃); Convective heat transfer system, in watts per square meter Celsius [W/(m2:℃)]; Clothing thermal resistance, in square meter Celsius per watt (m2: ℃/W); air velocity, in meters per second (m/s)PMV index is obtained from a stationary state. In applications, when one or more parameters have slight changes, the time-weighted average value of the parameters in the previous 1h can also obtain a good approximate result. It is recommended that the PMV index be used only when the PMV value is between -2 and +2. In addition, the PMV index is recommended when the following 6 main parameters are in the following ranges. M=46.25W/m2~232.60W/m2(0.8met~4met)Ia=0m2.℃/W~0.31m2.℃/W(0clo~2clo)t=10℃~30℃
t,=10℃～40℃
Uar=0 m/s~lm/s
P=0Pa～2700Pa
Taking into account different types of work, the metabolic rate can be estimated using Appendix C. For different metabolic rates, it is recommended to estimate the time-weighted average during the first 1 h. Appendix B can be used to estimate the thermal insulation value of clothing, taking into account the time of contact during the year. 8
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Thermal resistance of various typical clothing combinations
Thermal resistance (Ia) of various typical clothing combinations can be directly estimated from the data given in Table B.1. Table B.1
Thermal resistance of various typical combinations of clothing
Work clothes
Underwear, boiler suit, socks, shoes
Underwear, shirt, trousers, socks, shoes
Underwear, shirt, boiler suit, socks, shoes
Underwear, shirt, trousers, jacket, socks, shoesUnderwear, shirt, trousers, blouse, socks, shoesUnderwear with short sleeves and short pants. Shirt, trousers, jacket, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short pants. Shirt, trousers, boiler suit, socks, shoes
Underwear with long sleeves and long pants, thermal jacket, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short pants. Boiler suit, thermal jacket, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short pants. Boiler suit, thermal jacket and trousers, socks and shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short pants. Shirt, trousers, jackets, thermal jackets and trousers, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short legs, shirt, trousers, jackets, thick padded outer jackets and overalls, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short legs. Shirt, trousers, jackets, thick padded outer jackets and overalls, socks, shoes, hats, gloves
Underwear with long sleeves and long legs. Thermal jackets and trousers, thermal jackets and trousers for outer use, socks, shoesclo
Daily wear
Underwear, T-shirts, short coats, thin socks, casual underwear, petticoats, stockings, light women's clothing with sleeves, casual shoes
Underwear, short-sleeved shirts, light pants, sea shorts, shoes
Underwear, stockings, short-sleeved shirts, skirts, casual underwear, shirts, light pants, socks, shoes underwear, petticoats, trousers, dresses, shoes, underwear, shirts, pants, socks, shoes
Underwear, shirts, pants, socks, shoes
Underwear, sweaters and trousers , long socks, sports shoes underwear, petticoat, shirt, skirt, thick knee-high socks, shoes
underwear, shirt, skirt, crew neck sweater, thick knee-high socks, shoes
underwear, short-sleeved sweatshirt, shirt, V-neck sweater, socks, shoes
lining underwear, shirt, pants, jacket, socks, shoes underwear, stockings, skirt, shirt, vest, jacket underwear, stockings, women's top, long skirt, jacket, shoes GB/T336582017
GB/T33658—2017
work clothes
underwear with long sleeves and long legs. Warm jackets and trousers, thick padded snowcoats, overalls, socks, shoes, hats and gloves
Table B.1 (continued)
Daily wear
Underwear, short-sleeved undershirts, shirts, trousers, jackets, 0.395
Socks, shoes
Underwear, short-sleeved shirts, shirts, trousers, vests, jackets, socks, shoes
Underwear with long sleeves and long legs, shirts, trousers, V-neck sweaters, jackets, socks, shoes
Underwear with short sleeves and short legs, shirts, trousers, vests, jackets, outerwear, socks, shoes
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