This standard specifies the dose limit principle and radiation health protection evaluation method for consumer products containing radioactive substances. This standard applies to consumer products containing radioactive substances. GB 16353-1996 Radiation Health Protection Standard for Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Substances GB16353-1996 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Radiological protection standards for consumer products containing radioactive substances
Radiological protection standards for consumer products containing radioactive substances1 Subject content and scope of application
GB16353-1996
This standard specifies the dose limitation principle and radiological protection evaluation method for public exposure of consumer products containing radioactive substances. This standard applies to consumer products containing radioactive substances. 2 Referenced standards
GB4792 Basic standards for radiological protection
3 TerminologybZxz.net
3.1 Consumer products
Products purchased and used to meet the living needs of members of society and their families or to provide them with corresponding services. 3.2 Consumer products containing radioactive substances
Consumer products that have radioactive substances added as raw materials, or are assembled in a sealed radioactive source structure, or are made radioactive by technical means due to the needs of product functions or manufacturing processes. Hereinafter referred to as radioactive consumer products or products. It does not include medical supplies. 4 Basic requirements
4.1 The total exposure to the public from the use of all radioactive consumer products must be kept within acceptable limits. 4.2 Before the production of radioactive consumer products, the transportation, storage, sale, use, disposal and accidental events after production must be evaluated as a complete practice for radiation health protection. The evaluation must be carried out in accordance with the three principles of radiation protection stipulated in GB4792. 4.3 The design and manufacture of radioactive consumer products must comply with the relevant technical standards to ensure product quality and its protective performance. 4.4 The product instructions of radioactive consumer products must include the structure, characteristics and performance of the product, the correct use method, the emergency disposal of accidents and the appropriate disposal method. 5 Practice justification evaluation
5.1 Confirm whether the use of radioactive consumer products and the resulting exposure are justified by evaluating the following points: 5.1.1 The benefits obtained by users from using the product, and the benefits obtained by relevant personnel from the production and circulation of the product. 5.1.2 The cost of the product causing harm to the above-mentioned personnel and other possible exposed persons, first of all, the exposure dose caused to users and other personnel after the product is sold.
a. When evaluating the personal dose to which the product exposes the user, a relatively safe assumption should be adopted; b. When evaluating the collective dose burden caused by the product, a model close to reality should be used as much as possible; c. When evaluating the personal dose and collective dose burden, not only the normal use of the product should be considered, but also the dose caused by improper use, accidental events and abandonment.
GB16353—1996
5.1.3 The cost of implementing product management and protection. 5.1.4 Whether it is possible to use non-radioactive substitutes. Whether there are substitutes is not the only basis for justification evaluation. It should also be considered whether the functions of radioactive consumer products and substitutes are exactly the same, and the cost, safety, reliability and possible hazards of the two should be compared. 5.2 If any of the following situations occurs, the use of the product should be considered as improper: a. Radioactive sources that are not part of a complete product but are sold separately to the public as a commodity; products designed to irradiate the human body (except medical products) and children's toys; bi
Products that have no legitimate interests for users, such as gambling tools; c.
Other products confirmed as unacceptable by the government health administration department. d.
6 Optimization evaluation of protection
6.1 The optimization evaluation can be carried out based on the previous evaluation experience of other products, especially similar products, and usually only needs to qualitatively evaluate whether the product meets the following requirements:
a. Under the condition of meeting the functional requirements and service life of the product, select the radioactive nuclide with the lowest toxicity, the shortest half-life and the weakest energy;
Under the premise of ensuring the effective function of the product, select the lowest radioactive activity or specific activity; b.
Select the most suitable physical and chemical properties of the radioactive material so that it has the best safety performance in normal use and accidental events; c.
Only special tools can be used to directly contact the radioactive material in the product. d.
6.2 If any of the following situations occurs, the optimization evaluation of the product shall be conducted on the basis of a quantitative (or semi-quantitative) cost-benefit analysis: a. The personal dose to the public caused by the product is close to any of the limits under different conditions listed in Chapter 7 or Article 8.2; b. The collective dose burden caused by the product is relatively high; c. The investment required to further improve the protective performance of the product is very large. 7 Personal dose limit
7.1 For products specially designed and manufactured to prevent personal injury or property loss, the dose equivalent to which the user is exposed under normal conditions should not exceed the following limits:
Effective dose equivalent 0.05mSv/a
Skin dose equivalent\)5mSv/a
Eye lens dose equivalent 1.5mSv/a
7.2 For other products, the dose equivalent to which the user is exposed under normal conditions should not exceed the following limits:Effective dose equivalent 0.005mSv/a
Skin dose equivalent!)5mSv/a
Eye lens dose equivalent 1.5mSv/a
8 Improper use, accidents and disposal of products 8.1 When evaluating improper use and accidents of products, their frequency of occurrence and the radiation dose caused must be considered comprehensively. 8.2 The limits of personal dose equivalents for members of the public due to improper use and accidents are: effective dose equivalent 1mSv/a
skin dose equivalent) 50mSv/a
eye lens dose equivalent 15mSv/a
Note: 1) Skin dose equivalent refers to the average dose per square centimeter on the local skin (≤100cm) with the highest dose. 8.3 If the frequency of improper use of the product and accidents is not expected to be very low, the production and operation of the product should be considered to have no justification.
GB16353—1996
8.4 If the personal dose equivalent caused by improper use of the product and accidents is expected to be close to one of the limits in Article 8.2, the production and operation of the product must have sufficient justification. 8.5 When evaluating the disposal of the product, the possible impact on public health caused by various disposal methods must be considered. 8.6 Users should use and dispose of the product in accordance with the product manual; the sealed radioactive source in the product shall not be disassembled or discarded at will. Additional Notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. This standard is drafted by the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health and co-drafted by the Jiangsu Provincial Health and Epidemic Prevention Station. The main drafters of this standard are Zhou Shunyuan, Fan Baosheng, and Zhou Xiaoya. This standard is interpreted by the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory of the Ministry of Health, the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. This standard refers to the standard "Guidelines for the Management of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials" (1985) of the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD, NEA).
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