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National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Seed storage of main agricultural cropsUDC 633- 156
GB7415-87
This standard applies to the storage of seeds of major agricultural crops such as grain, oil, cotton, and hemp produced by seed companies at all levels, agricultural colleges, scientific research institutions, state-owned original (improved) seed farms, and state-owned farms. 1 Warehouses and equipmentbzxZ.net
1.1 Warehouses, appliances, and instruments
1.1.1 Warehouses: Warehouses must be firm and safe, not leaking, not damp, with complete doors and windows, ventilation, and airtightness. There are moisture-proof facilities and pads. The warehouse has an attached drying yard. Inflammable and explosive materials, fertilizers, pesticides, and other materials not related to seeds are not allowed to be piled up in the warehouse. 1.1.2 Appliances: gunny bags, water chestnuts, bitter cloth, baskets, brooms, and warehouse tools and materials for packaging, transportation, cleaning, and sorting. Cleaning machinery, fumigation and pest control machinery, ventilation equipment and accurate weighing instruments. 1.1.3 Instruments and equipment: equipped with temperature measuring instruments, humidity measuring instruments and seed inspection instruments. 1.1.4 Firefighting equipment: equipped with fire-fighting equipment and water sources. Check the equipment once a month, and change the fire extinguisher regularly. 1.2 Storage seed quality
1.2.1 Seeds must be stored with a seed inspection certificate. The moisture, purity, germination rate and purity of seeds must comply with GB44044409-84 "Standards for Grading Seeds of Major Crop Seeds". 1,2.2 Seeds must not carry live pests when entering the warehouse. 1.2.3 Seeds must be weighed and documents must be filled in when entering the warehouse. Make sure that the accounts, cards and real objects are consistent. 1.2.4 After the seeds are stored, the inspector will re-inspect the seed quality, take samples according to the warehouse number, stack, variety and grade, and record the inspection results on the card.
2 Seed storage
2.1 Seed stacking
2.1.1 Bag stacking: divided into non-font shape and semi-non-font shape. The bag height is generally seven bags. 2.1.2 Bulk stacking: divided into bulk in enclosed bags, bulk in enclosed countries and small bulk piles. The height of the enclosed bags and enclosed piles is 2 to 2.5 meters. The edge of the enclosed pile should be 1020cm higher than the seed surface, and the seed surface should be flat. The diameter of the enclosed pile should not exceed 4 meters. 2.1.3 There should be a 0.5 to 0.6m passage between seed stacks and enclosed piles and along the warehouse walls. 2.1.4 Seed warehouses, compartments and stacks should have signs indicating the crop, variety, grade, place of origin, and year and month of storage. New and old seeds should not be mixed.
2.1.5 Parents, original seeds and a small amount of new varieties of hybrid seeds such as rice, corn and sorghum should all be packed in new bags. There should be labels inside and outside the bags.
2.2 Preventing seeds from mixing
2.2.1 The number of residual seeds in the storage utensils: For every 10 sacks, 5 collars or 5 baskets, there shall be no more than 2 large seeds and no more than 30 small and medium seeds. The utensils for parent seeds shall not contain seeds of different varieties (or strains). 2.2.2 When seeds are turned over for drying, turned over, stacked, combined, processed and selected, the labels and stacking cards shall be checked and verified to prevent mixing and making mistakes. Approved by the National Bureau of Standards on March 13, 1987
Implemented on October 1, 1987
Error: Parent seeds of the same crop shall not be stacked adjacent to each other. GB 7415-87
2.2.3 Seeds scattered on the ground and mixed shall not be used for seeding. 2.2.4 Before turning the seeds for drying, the drying area must be cleaned. Turn over one variety at a time. When turning over two or more varieties, there should be at least 2m of separation and isolation. Parent seeds must be turned over separately. 2.3 Seed inspection
During seed storage, regular and fixed-point inspections should be carried out according to different seasons and varieties. In case of disastrous weather, timely inspections should be carried out. Inspection contents: seed temperature, moisture, germination rate, warehouse temperature, warehouse humidity, insects, mildew, mice and birds, etc. Inspection results should be recorded in the card. 2.3.1 Seed temperature inspection: Within half a month after the seeds are put into storage, they should be inspected every three days (the number of inspections can be reduced in the north, and the number of inspections for oil seeds and cotton seeds should be increased in the south), and then every 7 to 10 days. The number of inspections should be increased in high temperature and high humidity seasons. 2.3.2 Seed moisture inspection: In the first and fourth quarters, inspections should be carried out once a quarter. In the second and third quarters, inspections should be carried out once a month. 2.3.3 Seed pest inspection: According to the activity patterns of pests in different seasons, the inspection focus is determined. When the seed temperature is below 15℃, it is inspected once every season. When the temperature is between 15℃ and 20℃, it is inspected once every half month. When the temperature is above 20℃, it is inspected once every 5 to 7 days. Inspection method: Bag seeds are sampled in layers. For bags below 500, 10 bags are sampled. For bags above 501, 2% of the samples are sampled. For large seeds, unpacking is used for sampling. For bulk seeds, 5 to 10 points are sampled within 100m2. For 101 to 500m2, 10 to 15 points are sampled. Each point (bag) sample is not less than 1kg. The density of pests is expressed by the largest part, and the number of live insects in 1kg of seed samples is used as the calculation unit. 2.3.4 Determination of seed germination rate: The seeds are measured once before and after fumigation when entering and leaving the warehouse. In the cold northern regions, the seeds are measured once a month from November to March.
2.4 Warehouse Sealing and Ventilation
In order to improve the stability of seed storage, in principle, seeds are mainly stored in a sealed manner in high temperature and high humidity seasons. In the season when the temperature drops or when the temperature and humidity in the warehouse are high, ventilation should be provided. The ventilation methods are divided into; 2.4.1 Natural ventilation conditions: When ventilating, the temperature and humidity in the warehouse and the temperature and humidity of the air outside the warehouse should be accurately grasped. When the temperature and humidity outside the warehouse are lower than those in the warehouse, or one indicator is the same and the other is lower than that in the warehouse, ventilation can be carried out, otherwise ventilation cannot be carried out. 2.4.2 Mechanical ventilation: It is suitable for cooling and dissipating moisture in bulk seed piles. The specific requirements are handled according to natural ventilation conditions. 2.4.3 Mechanical dehumidification: Warehouses with sealed conditions are equipped with dehumidifiers with different functions according to the size of the warehouse and the number of seeds stored to reduce the humidity in the warehouse.
2.5 Regular verification of accounts
The custodian should regularly verify the accounts with the accountant to ensure that the accounts, cards and physical objects are consistent with each other and the accounts are settled on a daily basis and monthly basis. 2.6 Reasonable loss of seeds
refers to the natural evaporation of safe storage moisture, the abandonment of dust from stacking, and the natural reduction caused by multiple sampling inspections and weight errors during the process of seed storage and delivery. The reasonable loss of seeds is stipulated as follows:
within 6 months of storage, it shall not exceed 0.2%; within 1 year of storage, it shall not exceed 0.25%; within 1 year of storage, it shall not exceed 0.5%. 3 Pest control
3.1 Cleanliness inside and outside the warehouse
The warehouse should be kept clean and hygienic, with the following requirements: no holes or seams, insect-proof lines on the gate, no garbage, weeds, stagnant water, equipment, fixtures, inspection tools, and mechanical equipment within 3m outside the warehouse, and it should be clean and free of insects. 3.2 Warehouse cleaning and disinfection
Before seeds are put into storage, the warehouse should be cleaned, sprayed with dichlorvos and trichlorfon for disinfection, sealed for 72 hours, and then ventilated for 24 hours (see Appendix A for dosage)
3.3 Physical and mechanical prevention
Eliminate warehouse insects by sunbathing, air separation, and screening. 132
3.4 Pest control
GB 7415—87
3.4.1Seed warehouses shall not contain quarantine insects, such as corn perilla and four-striped bean weevils. Whenever quarantine pests are found, they should be promptly eradicated in cooperation with the quarantine department.
3.4.2Among the inspection points in the seed pile, if there is a place with 2 live insects per 1000g of seeds, they should be trapped and killed or fumigated in time to achieve insect-free. 3.4.3 Chemical control
3.4.3.1 Aluminum phosphide control: When fumigating seeds with aluminum phosphide, the fumigation shall not exceed twice within the moisture content specified in the seed grading standard. The dosage is calculated according to the seed volume, 4-6g/mm3 for powder and 6-9 tablets/m3 for tablets; 24g/m3 for powder and 3-6 tablets/mm3 for space volume. The dosage should be determined according to different crops, insect population density and stacking form. The dosage must be evenly distributed to improve the efficacy and prevent fire. After the dosage, it should be sealed for 120-168h and the air should be dispersed for 72h. Fumigation should be strictly in accordance with the fumigation operation procedures and safety protection work should be done well.
3.4.3.2 Insecticide phosphorus control: Use high-quality malathion for insect control, with a purity of more than 97%. The effective dosage is 20ppm, and the method of use is to spray the insecticide phosphorus stock solution evenly with an ultra-low volume sprayer. The thickness of the seeds shall not exceed 30cm, and the dosage of the medicine shall be 0.2kg for every 10,000kg of seeds. 3.5 Anti-mildew
When the seeds exceed the safe moisture standard due to moisture, condensation and natural moisture absorption, they must be turned over, dried in the sun and dried to the safe moisture to prevent the seeds from rotting.
3.6 Anti-rat and bird
Rat-proof boards (70cm high, covered with tinplate) and bird-proof nets are installed at the warehouse doors. Rodent control adopts a combination of mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and manual capture methods to ensure that there are no rats, no birds, no rat holes and no bird nests. 4 Delivery
4.1 Seeds must undergo germination tests before delivery. Seeds whose germination rate does not meet national standards are not allowed to be supplied as seeds. 4.2 Seed storage should be separated from seed sales warehouses. Seeds should be delivered with certificates. Seeds are sold on the basis of a three-part form, and the variety, grade, quantity and misdelivery are checked.
4.3 When selling seeds, variety instructions should be provided with the seeds. 133
Dichlorvos
Dichlorvos
Dichlorvos
Additional instructions:
Concentration, %
0. 5 ~ 1. 0
0. 1 0. 2
Original solution 80
GB 7415--87
Appendix A
Types and dosages of drugs for clearing warehouses and disinfection
(reference)
Methods of use
This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the People's Republic of China. This standard was drafted by China Seed Corporation, Liaoning, Zhejiang and other provincial seed companies. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Fucai, Meng Xiangren, Zhou Ruliang and Li Jianhua. 134
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Dosage, kg/m2
0. 010. 02
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