GB 1251.3-1996 Ergonomic hazard and non-danger sound and light signaling systems
Some standard content:
GB 1251.3—1996
Foreword
This standard is formulated in accordance with ISO/DIS11429 “Ergonomics Dangerous and Non-dangerous Sound and Light Signal System” (1992 edition) of the International Organization for Standardization, and is equivalent to it in terms of technical content and writing rules. This standard is in the same series as the standards GB1251.1 “Danger Signals in the Workplace Dangerous Sound and Light Signals”, GB12800 “Acoustic Emergency Evacuation Sound and Light Signals” and “General Requirements for Design and Inspection of Ergonomic Dangerous Visual Signals” formulated simultaneously with this standard. In order to avoid misunderstanding of dangerous visual and auditory signals, it is necessary to formulate a dangerous and non-dangerous signal system including different levels of urgency.
In this way, my country can follow the series of standards formulated by the Workplace Signal and Language Communication Working Group of the Labor Environment Technical Committee of the International Ergonomics Technical Committee for Standardization and align with the relevant international standards as soon as possible. It will be implemented from October 1, 1996. From October 1, 1996, all dangerous and non-dangerous sound and light signal systems shall comply with the requirements of this standard.
This standard is proposed and managed by China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The drafting unit of this standard is China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding. The drafter of this standard is Zhang Mingxu.
271
0 Introduction
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Ergonomics-System of danger and non-danger signals with sound and light
Ergonomics-System of danger and non-danger signals with sound and light
GB 1251.3—1996
In order to reduce the risk of misinterpretation of visual and auditory dangerous signals, a dangerous and non-dangerous signal system with different degrees of urgency is specified.
1 Scope
This standard specifies the characteristics of sound and light signals.
This standard applies to various emergency signals. The signals must meet the requirements of Article 5.3 of GB/T15706.2, that is, they must be clearly perceptible and distinguishable; they also apply to all emergency levels, from extreme emergency to "alleviation of alarm". When light signals are used, they should be supplemented by sound signals. Except for the application scope covered by special standards or other (international or national) practices, in particular, fire alarms, medical alarms, alarms used in public transportation, navigation signals and signals used in special fields (for example, military) occasions. However, when planning new signals, this standard should be referred to.
The characteristic system of sound signals is graded according to the degree of urgency; in order to safely and quickly distinguish signals, special characteristics are specified, and in some categories, such as control signals and warning signals that have been determined in the workplace can be changed. In addition to the color itself (see Table 1), the meaning of light signals can be added to other meanings. Instantaneous diagrams and infrequently used alternating colors (see Table 2) can be used to add other meanings.
2 Referenced standards
The clauses contained in the following standards constitute the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB1251.1-89 Hazard signals in the workplace Hazard auditory signals GB1251.2-1996 Ergonomics Visual Hazard Signals General Requirements Design and Inspection GB12800-91 Acoustic Emergency Evacuation Auditory Signals GB/T13379-92 Principles of Visual Ergonomics Indoor Work System Lighting GB/T15706.2-1995 Basic Concepts and Design General Rules for Machinery Safety Part 2: Technical Principles and Specifications 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Alternating sound (or light) Alternating sound (or light) continuously changes between 2 or 3 tones, or between 2 colors, and the duration of each segment is equal, at least 0.15s. 3.2 Bursts (of sound)
Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on March 26, 1996, 272
Implemented on October 1, 1996
GB 1251.3—1996
A group of short and clearly interrupted pulse sounds that occur periodically, with a pulse frequency of 4--8 Hz. 3.3 Characteristic of a signal Character (of a signal) One or more auditory or visual attributes that distinguish a signal from other signals. 3.4 Flash Flash Light with a duration of less than 0.7 s.
3.5 Quick-puise Sound with a duration of less than 0.5 s.
3.6 Segment Segment A unit in a transmitted sound or light signal. 3.7 Spectrum (of sound or light) Sound intensity (or sound pressure level) or light intensity expressed as a function of frequency or wavelength. 3.8 Sweeping (sound) Continuous or sequentially changing frequency without obvious pitch drop. 3.9 (sound) warbling (sound)
Rapidly changing pitch or intensity at a rate of 10 to 20 Hz. 4 Combination of sound and light signals
The principle requirements for signal design are summarized in Tables 1 and 2, and the design parameters and remarks are listed in Table 3 of the classification of distress signal sound and Table 4 of the classification of distress signal color.
4.1 Main classification table - use and characteristics According to the degree of urgency, select the information classification and its signal characteristics in Table 1. In emergency situations, Table 2 should be used.
4.2 Sound signal classification
Table 3 is a classification table for distress sound signals.
4.3 Signal color classification
Table 4 is a classification table for distress signal colors.
Table 1 Classification of general-purpose signal information in order of urgency
Danger
Urgent action for rescue or
Warning
Attention
Action when necessary
Notification information
Wired broadcast
All clear
Safety
Sound signal
Forehead sweep
Burst
Alternating tone
For actions that must be followed or taken
with priority (2 or 3 items)
Note: Fast-paced or dissonant tones can stimulate
a sense of urgency
Fixed tone segments, the shortest of which is at least
0.3s. Clearly distinguished from emergency evacuation
signal
Dual tone homophonic, high-low non-cyclic (followed
by a notice or document)
Usually: red
light signal
Blue: action that must be followed
Yellow
Blue: action that must be followed
Normal state, no light signal
If necessary: ??yellow with double flash
Green
Continuous sound, fixed tone lasting at least 30s
Note: Synchronization between sound and light is usually not required, but synchronization can improve perception. It is necessary to do
Remarks
Any danger signal should have an instantaneous diagram that is obviously different from the emergency
evacuation signal
If the striking frequency is 4~8Hz, the clock
sound can be considered as a burst
of the instantaneous diagram. The two largest different
segment lengths; preferably the first one is longer. When all
segments are equal, the repetition frequency is at least
0.4Hz
Signal
Sent to release the above-mentioned alarm signal
273
Information classification
Emergency evacuation
Public alarm
Important actions for people's safety
GB 1251.3-1996
Table 2 Classification of sound and light emergency evacuation and alarm signals Sound signal
3 short segments are a group, repetition period
4s
Each sound segment is 0.5. It can be
fixed frequency, swept frequency or split
(GB12800)
extended continuous sweep sound
to reproduce the same sound, period 4 ~~
20 s
Light signal
Red flash synchronized with sound clip
Red intermittent light during sound signal
Note: Usually not Limits synchronization between sound and light, but synchronization improves awareness. Table 3 Danger sound signal classification table
sound
sweeping sound
frequency increases or decreases at a rate of 5 Hz/s5 Hz/ms
sliding (one cycle content | | tt | Pulse frequency 4~8 Hz (pulse
width 60 to 100ms)
alternating sound
cascade sequence of 2 or 3 special tones,
each segment 0.15~1.5s
Constant pitch segments
Periodic or grouped segments, length
0.3s or longer
Stall sound
Constant Tone
Color
Red
Yellow
Blue
Green
274
Meaning
Danger
Abnormal state
Attention
Indicates mandatory behavior
Safety
Normal state
Light
Red||tt ||Red
Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
Meaning
Remarks
For indoor or masking The protective device
protection device
will then give radio information
Remarks
The highest sweep frequency is basically used for high-pitched frequencies, and vice versa is also dangerous. Emergency action||tt ||Danger, emergency action
Danger, priority mandatory action
Attention
Command alert
Normal state
Safety
Yes. The lowest sweep frequency is used for sound segments shorter than 5s and not for sound rates higher than 400Hz
When the pulse frequency is higher than 5Hz, reverberation may cause perceptual impairment, see GB1251, 1-
89 Medium 8.3.1
A fixed sound is superimposed on the pulse signal, and its sound pressure level does not exceed the sound pressure level of the pulse
The intensity and length of the sound fragments are equal
In a group When using sound clips of different lengths, it is recommended to use 113
The signal sent to relieve the public alarm should not be interrupted within 30s
Table 4 Danger signal color classification table
Attention
Alert
Stop
Ban
Attention
Intervention
Reaction, protection or
Special attention
return to normal
continue
mark
indicates
dangerous state
emergency use
fault|| tt||Notes
Status change
Operation control
According to relevant regulations or
Safety measures arranged in advance
Normal status||tt ||Safe use
Remarks
Red flash should be used for
emergency evacuation
for items that cannot be clearly defined by red,
yellow or green Purpose
of
used for monitoring of power supply installations
(normal)
GB 1251.3—1996
5 Human ergonomics of the design and use of sound and light signals Scientific Principle 5..1 General
The general requirement should be that the sound and light signals can be quickly and accurately identified under difficult environmental conditions. The possibility of identifying between signals depends on many physical and psychosomatic factors.
It is very important for the people involved to pay attention to the reliability of the signal, otherwise the effectiveness of the signal will be reduced, and incorrect signal transmission (for example, caused by technical defects) may cause a reduction in reliability. When this standard describes the characteristics of various types of signals, intensity is not used as a parameter to distinguish various types of signals. The reason is that the intensity attenuation of light and sound is related to distance; however, this does not mean that intensity is not important. On the contrary, when considering its volume, When designing signals in the environment, the requirements for light intensity and sound level in GB1251.2 and GB1251.1 must be followed so that the signal strength meets the requirements in the environment, especially when there are the following situations: there is environmental interference during the identification process; || tt||The action is of high importance and urgency.
The fear caused by signaling should be considered, but should not be overestimated. The fear response generally has two stages. First, the first sound pulse or flash creates an unexpected startle, especially if it has an "alarm" tone and the sound level is high. Secondly, the fright is followed by the insecurity and fear caused by "What happened?" Therefore, the characteristics and meaning of the signal sent should comply with the prior regulations, and the personnel in the signal receiving area should be kept in mind and trained on the corresponding measures. It is extremely important to reduce fear. 5.2 Principles for Obtaining Resolvable Characteristics
The most basic requirement for a signal is that it has a typical instantaneous diagram. This diagram makes the signal meaning clear and ensures that the signal can be distinguished under various difficult environmental conditions. Basically using instantaneous plots of changes in intensity, color of light, and pitch of sound versus time. In the sound and light signal system, it should be pointed out that although the color and tone are determined by the frequency of the wave, they cannot be used to make signals similar to light and sound. For example, you cannot sweep colors to make instantaneous images of light signals like sweeping tones; for another example, using five colors and assigning them meanings has better resolution, but you cannot use five fixed tones to assign a certain meaning at all, so there is no guarantee The reason why the signal is distinguishable is that the tone can only be selected according to the specific background noise to make the signal easy to distinguish (see 8.2 in GB1251.1-89). Therefore, in practice the similarity of acoustic and light signals manifests itself in the same instantaneous pattern using time-varying intensity, e.g., like the characteristics of Morse code. It should be noted that most people can only remember and distinguish a very small number of signal instants; echoes and acoustic delays can change the perceived characteristics of the signal, especially when using a single sound source. 5.3 Performance of acoustic signals
The basic requirements for designing acoustic signals are given in GB1251.1. Currently, acoustic signals are classified according to their importance or urgency (see Table 1). Signals with frequency as a variable, such as swept or frequency alternating signals, are specifically used in dangerous situations. The signal of a fixed frequency segment can be a short group of pulses (sound bursts) or a series of sound segments. Whether the segments are of equal length or not is not specified, but there can only be two types of segments of different lengths in a series, and they are of different lengths. The ratio is not less than 1:3. In both danger and attention signals, the characteristic variables can be used for numerous special purposes. 5.4 Optical signal performance
The basic requirements for designing dangerous visual signals are specified in GB/T13379 and GB1251.2. The duration of the brief flash has a certain impact on the intensity of the displayed light, so the effective intensity needs to be increased to make up for the loss. Technically, extremely high-intensity flashes and signal light sources with extremely short flash times are often recommended. They play an important role in alarming, but they should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2 in GB1251.2--1996.
6 test
Test according to the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB1251.2--1996 and Chapter 6 of GB1251.189. 275
3s or longer
delay
constant pitch
color
red
yellow
blue
green
274
Meaning
Danger
Abnormal state
Attention
Indicates mandatory behavior
Safety
Normal state
Light
Red
Red
Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
Meaning
Remarks
Protective device for indoor or shelter use
Protective device
Consequently given radio information
Remarks
Highest scan Frequencies are basically used for treble frequencies and vice versa for danger, emergency action
danger, emergency action
danger, priority mandatory action
attention
command alert||tt ||Normal state
Safe
Yes. The lowest sweep frequency is used for sound segments shorter than 5s and not for sound rates higher than 400Hz
When the pulse frequency is higher than 5Hz, reverberation may cause perceptual impairment, see GB1251, 1-
89 Medium 8.3.1
A fixed sound is superimposed on the pulse signal, and its sound pressure level does not exceed the sound pressure level of the pulse
The intensity and length of the sound fragments are equal
In a group When using sound clips of different lengths, it is recommended to use 113
The signal sent to relieve the public alarm should not be interrupted within 30s
Table 4 Danger signal color classification table
Attention
Alert
Stop
Ban
Attention
Intervention
Reaction, protection or
Special attention
return to normal
continue
mark
indicates
dangerous state
emergency use
fault|| tt||Caution
State change
Operation control
According to relevant regulations or
Safety measures arranged in advance
Normal state||tt ||Safe use
Remarks
Red flash should be used for
emergency evacuation
for items that cannot be clearly defined by red,
yellow or green Purpose
of
used for monitoring of power supply installations
(normal)
GB 1251.3—1996
5 Human ergonomics of the design and use of acousto-optic signals Scientific Principle 5..1 General
The general requirement should be that the sound and light signals can be quickly and accurately identified under difficult environmental conditions. The possibility of identifying between signals depends on many physical and psychosomatic factors.
It is very important for the people involved to pay attention to the reliability of the signal, otherwise the effectiveness of the signal will be reduced, and incorrect signal transmission (for example, caused by technical defects) may cause a reduction in reliability. When this standard describes the characteristics of various types of signals, intensity is not used as a parameter to distinguish various types of signals. The reason is that the intensity attenuation of light and sound is related to distance; however, this does not mean that intensity is not important. On the contrary, when considering its volume, When designing signals in the environment, the requirements for light intensity and sound level in GB1251.2 and GB1251.1 must be followed so that the signal strength meets the requirements in the environment, especially when there are the following situations: there is environmental interference during the identification process; || tt||The action is of high importance and urgency.
The fear caused by signaling should be considered, but should not be overestimated. The fear response generally has two stages. First, the first sound pulse or flash creates an unexpected startle, especially if it has an "alarm" tone and the sound level is high. Secondly, the fright is followed by the insecurity and fear caused by "What happened?" Therefore, the characteristics and meaning of the signal sent should comply with the prior regulations, and the personnel in the signal receiving area should be kept in mind and trained on the corresponding measures. It is extremely important to reduce fear. 5.2 Principles for Obtaining Resolvable Characteristics
It is the most basic requirement for a signal to have a typical instantaneous diagram. This diagram makes the signal meaning clear and ensures that the signal can be distinguished under various difficult environmental conditions. Basically using instantaneous plots of changes in intensity, color of light and pitch of sound versus time. In the sound and light signal system, it should be pointed out that although the color and tone are determined by the frequency of the wave, they cannot be used to make signals similar to light and sound. For example, you cannot sweep colors to make an instantaneous picture of a light signal like you can with sweep tones; for another example, using five colors and assigning them meanings has better resolution, but you cannot use five fixed tones to assign a certain meaning at all, so there is no guarantee The reason why the signal is distinguishable is that the tone can only be selected according to the specific background noise to make the signal easy to distinguish (see 8.2 in GB1251.1-89). Therefore, in practice the similarity of acoustic and light signals manifests itself in the same instantaneous pattern using time-varying intensity, e.g., like the characteristics of Morse code. It should be noted that most people can only remember and distinguish a very small number of signal instants; echoes and acoustic delays can change the perceived characteristics of the signal, especially when using a single sound source. 5.3 Performance of acoustic signals
The basic requirements for designing acoustic signals are given in GB1251.1. Currently, acoustic signals are classified according to their importance or urgency (see Table 1). Signals with frequency as a variable, such as swept or frequency alternating signals, are specifically used in dangerous situations. The signal of a fixed frequency segment can be a short group of pulses (sound bursts) or a series of sound segments. Whether the segments are of equal length or not is not specified, but there can only be two types of segments of different lengths in a series, and they are of different lengths. The ratio is not less than 1:3. In both danger and attention signals, the characteristic variables can be used for numerous special purposes. 5.4 Optical signal performance
The basic requirements for designing dangerous visual signals are specified in GB/T13379 and GB1251.2. The duration of the brief flash has a certain impact on the intensity of the displayed light, so the effective intensity needs to be increased to make up for the loss. Technically, extremely high-intensity flashes and signal light sources with extremely short flash times are often recommended. They play an important role in alarming, but they should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2 in GB1251.2--1996.
6 test
Test according to the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB1251.2--1996 and Chapter 6 of GB1251.189. 275
3s or longer
delay
constant pitch
color
red
yellow
blue
green
274
Meaning
Danger
Abnormal state
Attention
Indicates mandatory behavior
Safety
Normal state
Light
Red
Red
Red
Blue
Yellow
Green
Meaning
Remarks
Protective device for indoor or shelter use
Protective device
Consequently given radio information
Remarks
Highest scan Frequencies are basically used for treble frequencies and vice versa for danger, emergency action
danger, emergency action
danger, priority mandatory action
attentionwwW.bzxz.Net
command alert||tt ||Normal state
Safe
Yes. The lowest sweep frequency is used for sound segments shorter than 5s and not for sound rates higher than 400Hz
When the pulse frequency is higher than 5Hz, reverberation may cause perceptual impairment, see GB1251, 1-
89 Medium 8.3.1
A fixed sound is superimposed on the pulse signal, and its sound pressure level does not exceed the sound pressure level of the pulse
The intensity and length of the sound fragments are equal
In a group When using sound clips of different lengths, it is recommended to use 113
The signal sent to relieve the public alarm should not be interrupted within 30s
Table 4 Danger signal color classification table
Attention
Alert
Stop
Ban
Attention
Intervention
Reaction, protection or
Special attention
return to normal
continue
mark
indicates
dangerous state
emergency use
fault|| tt||Notes
Status change
Operation control
According to relevant regulations or
Safety measures arranged in advance
Normal status||tt ||Safe use
Remarks
Red flash should be used for
emergency evacuation
for items that cannot be clearly defined by red,
yellow or green Purpose
of
used for monitoring of power supply installations
(normal)
GB 1251.3—1996
5 Human ergonomics of the design and use of sound and light signals Scientific Principle 5..1 General
The general requirement should be that the sound and light signals can be quickly and accurately identified under difficult environmental conditions. The possibility of identifying between signals depends on many physical and psychosomatic factors.
It is very important for the people involved to pay attention to the reliability of the signal, otherwise the effectiveness of the signal will be reduced, and incorrect signal transmission (for example, caused by technical defects) may cause a reduction in reliability. When this standard describes the characteristics of various types of signals, intensity is not used as a parameter to distinguish various types of signals. The reason is that the intensity attenuation of light and sound is related to distance; however, this does not mean that intensity is not important. On the contrary, when considering its volume, When designing signals in the environment, the requirements for light intensity and sound level in GB1251.2 and GB1251.1 must be followed so that the signal strength meets the requirements in the environment, especially when there are the following situations: there is environmental interference during the identification process; || tt||The action is of high importance and urgency.
The fear caused by signaling should be considered, but should not be overestimated. The fear response generally has two stages. First, the first sound pulse or flash creates an unexpected startle, especially if it has an "alarm" tone and the sound level is high. Secondly, fright is followed by insecurity and fear caused by "What happened?" Therefore, the characteristics and meaning of the signal sent should comply with the prior regulations, and the personnel in the signal receiving area should be kept in mind and trained on the corresponding measures. It is extremely important to reduce fear. 5.2 Principles for Obtaining Resolvable Characteristics
It is the most basic requirement for a signal to have a typical instantaneous diagram. This diagram makes the signal meaning clear and ensures that the signal can be distinguished under various difficult environmental conditions. Basically using instantaneous plots of changes in intensity, color of light, and pitch of sound versus time. In the sound and light signal system, it should be pointed out that although the color and tone are determined by the frequency of the wave, they cannot be used to make signals similar to light and sound. For example, you cannot sweep colors to make an instantaneous image of a light signal like you can with sweep tones; for another example, using five colors and assigning them meanings has better resolution, but you cannot use five fixed tones to assign a certain meaning at all, so there is no guarantee. The reason why the signal is distinguishable is that the tone can only be selected according to the specific background noise to make the signal easy to distinguish (see 8.2 in GB1251.1-89). Therefore, in practice the similarity of sound and light signals manifests itself in the same instantaneous pattern using time-varying intensity, e.g., like the characteristics of Morse code. It should be noted that most people can only remember and distinguish a very small number of signal instants; echoes and acoustic delays can change the perceived characteristics of the signal, especially when using a single sound source. 5.3 Performance of acoustic signals
The basic requirements for designing acoustic signals are given in GB1251.1. Currently, acoustic signals are classified according to their importance or urgency (see Table 1). Signals with frequency as a variable, such as swept or frequency alternating signals, are specifically used in dangerous situations. The signal of a fixed frequency segment can be a short group of pulses (sound bursts) or a series of sound segments. Whether the segments are of equal length or not is not specified, but there can only be two types of segments of different lengths in a series, and they are of different lengths. The ratio is not less than 1:3. In the two types of signals, danger and attention, the characteristic variables can be used for numerous special purposes. 5.4 Optical signal performance
The basic requirements for designing dangerous visual signals are specified in GB/T13379 and GB1251.2. The duration of the brief flash has a certain impact on the intensity of the displayed light, so the effective intensity needs to be increased to make up for the loss. Technically, extremely high-intensity flashes and signal light sources with extremely short flash times are often recommended. They play an important role in alarming, but they should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2 in GB1251.2--1996.
6 test
Test according to the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB1251.2--1996 and Chapter 6 of GB1251.189. 275
1 General
The general requirement should be that the sound and light signals can be quickly and accurately identified under difficult environmental conditions. The possibility of identifying between signals depends on many physical and psychosomatic factors.
It is very important for the people involved to pay attention to the reliability of the signal, otherwise the effectiveness of the signal will be reduced, and incorrect signal transmission (for example, caused by technical defects) may cause a reduction in reliability. When this standard describes the characteristics of various types of signals, intensity is not used as a parameter to distinguish various types of signals. The reason is that the intensity attenuation of light and sound is related to distance; however, this does not mean that intensity is not important. On the contrary, when considering its volume, When designing signals in the environment, the requirements for light intensity and sound level in GB1251.2 and GB1251.1 must be followed so that the signal strength meets the requirements in the environment, especially when there are the following situations: there is environmental interference during the identification process; || tt||The action is of high importance and urgency.
The fear caused by signaling should be considered, but should not be overestimated. The fear response generally has two stages. First, the first sound pulse or flash creates an unexpected startle, especially if it has an "alarm" tone and the sound level is high. Secondly, the fright is followed by the insecurity and fear caused by "What happened?" Therefore, the characteristics and meaning of the signal sent should comply with the prior regulations, and the personnel in the signal receiving area should be kept in mind and trained on the corresponding measures. It is extremely important to reduce fear. 5.2 Principles for Obtaining Resolvable Characteristics
It is the most basic requirement for a signal to have a typical instantaneous diagram. This diagram makes the signal meaning clear and ensures that the signal can be distinguished under various difficult environmental conditions. Basically using instantaneous plots of changes in intensity, color of light and pitch of sound versus time. In the sound and light signal system, it should be pointed out that although the color and tone are determined by the frequency of the wave, they cannot be used to make signals similar to light and sound. For example, you cannot sweep colors to make an instantaneous picture of a light signal like you can with sweep tones; for another example, using five colors and assigning them meanings has better resolution, but you cannot use five fixed tones to assign a certain meaning at all, so there is no guarantee The reason why the signal is distinguishable is that the tone can only be selected according to the specific background noise to make the signal easy to distinguish (see 8.2 in GB1251.1-89). Therefore, in practice the similarity of acoustic and light signals manifests itself in the same instantaneous pattern using time-varying intensity, e.g., like the characteristics of Morse code. It should be noted that most people can only remember and distinguish a very small number of signal instants; echoes and acoustic delays can change the perceived characteristics of the signal, especially when using a single sound source. 5.3 Performance of acoustic signals
The basic requirements for designing acoustic signals are given in GB1251.1. Currently, acoustic signals are classified according to their importance or urgency (see Table 1). Signals with frequency as a variable, such as swept or frequency alternating signals, are specifically used in dangerous situations. The signal of a fixed frequency segment can be a short group of pulses (sound bursts) or a series of sound segments. Whether the segments are of equal length or not is not specified, but there can only be two types of segments of different lengths in a series, and they are of different lengths. The ratio is not less than 1:3. In both danger and attention signals, the characteristic variables can be used for numerous special purposes. 5.4 Optical signal performance
The basic requirements for designing dangerous visual signals are specified in GB/T13379 and GB1251.2. The duration of the brief flash has a certain impact on the intensity of the displayed light, so the effective intensity needs to be increased to make up for the loss. Technically, extremely high-intensity flashes and signal light sources with extremely short flash times are often recommended. They play an important role in alarming, but they should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2 in GB1251.2--1996.
6 test
Test according to the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB1251.2--1996 and Chapter 6 of GB1251.189. 275
1 General
General requirements: The ability to quickly and accurately identify sound and light signals under difficult environmental conditions should be achieved. The possibility of identifying between signals depends on many physical and psychological factors.
For the people concerned, the reliability of the signal and the importance attached to the signal are very important, otherwise the effectiveness of the signal will be reduced. The erroneous transmission of the signal (for example, caused by technical defects) may cause a reduction in reliability. When describing the characteristics of various types of signals in this standard, intensity is not used as a parameter to distinguish between various types of signals. The reason is that the intensity of light and sound decreases with distance; however, this does not mean that intensity is not important. On the contrary, when designing signals for their specific environment, the requirements for light intensity and sound level in GB1251.2 and GB1251.1 must be followed to ensure that the signal intensity meets the requirements in the environment, especially when there are the following situations: environmental interference during the identification process;
The high importance and urgency of an action.
The fear caused by the signal should be taken into account, but it should not be overestimated. The fear reaction generally has two stages. First, the first sound pulse or flash causes an unexpected startle, especially when the tone of the "alarm" sound is used and the sound level is high. Secondly, after the fright, there is the feeling of insecurity and fear caused by "what happened?" Therefore, the characteristics and meaning of the sent signal should comply with the pre-defined regulations, and the personnel in the signal receiving area should remember it, and the corresponding measures should be well-trained to reduce the fear. 5.2 Principles of obtaining distinguishing characteristics
The most basic requirement for the signal is that the signal has a typical instantaneous diagram, which makes the meaning of the signal clear and ensures that the signal can be distinguished under various difficult environmental conditions. Basically, the instantaneous diagram of the intensity, color of light and tone of sound relative to time is used. In the sound and light signal system, it should be pointed out that although color and tone are determined by the frequency of the wave, it cannot be used to make a signal similar to light and sound. For example, the color cannot be swept to make an instantaneous diagram of the light signal like the swept tone; for another example, using five colors and giving them meanings has better distinguishability, but five fixed tones cannot be used to give certain meanings. In this way, the signal cannot be distinguished. The reason is that the tone can only be selected according to the specific background noise to make the signal easy to distinguish (see GB1251.1-89, Article 8.2). Therefore, in practice, the similarity between acoustic and optical signals is manifested in the use of time-varying intensity instantaneous patterns, for example, like the characteristics of Morse code. It should be noted that most people can only remember and distinguish very few signal instantaneous patterns; echoes and acoustic delays can change the perceived characteristics of the signal, especially when a single sound source is used. 5.3 Performance of acoustic signals
The basic requirements for the design of acoustic signals are given in GB1251.1. At present, acoustic signals are graded according to their importance or urgency (see Table 1). Signals with frequency as a variable, such as swept or frequency alternating signals, are specifically used for dangerous conditions. Signals with fixed frequency segments can be short-term grouped pulses (bursts) or a series of sound segments. It is not specified whether the segments are of equal length, but there can only be two segments of different lengths in a series, and the ratio of different lengths is not less than 1:3. In the two types of danger and warning signals, their characteristic variables can be used for many special self-. 5.4 Performance of optical signals
The basic requirements for designing visual signals of dangerous situations are specified in GB/T13379 and GB1251.2. The duration of a short flash has a certain influence on the intensity of the light presented, so it is necessary to increase the effective intensity to compensate for the loss. Technically, a signal light source with extremely high intensity flash and extremely short flash time is often recommended. It plays an important role in alarming, but it should comply with the requirements of 4.2.2 of GB1251.2--1996.
6 Test
Test according to the provisions of Chapter 5 of GB1251.2--1996 and Chapter 6 of GB1251.189. 275
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