Some standard content:
ICs 55.020
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T 23156—-2010
Packaging and the environment
Packaging--Packaging and the environment--Terminology2010-08-09Published
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of the People's Republic of China
2011-01-01Implementation
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Packaging and the environment--TerminologyGB/T 23156:2010
Published and distributed by Zhonghan Standard Publishing House
No. 16, Sanlihebei Street, Fuxingmenwai, Beijing
Postal Code: 100045
Website spc. net. cn
Tel: 6852394668517548
Printed by Qinhuangdao Printing Factory of China Biaoya Publishing House Distributed by Xinhua Bookstores in various places
Book size 880×1230 1/16
Word count: 23
Printing sheet: 1
Edition: September 2010
First printing: September 2010
Book number: 155066140276
Price: 18.00 yuan
If there is any printing error, the publishing center of our company will replace it. Copyright infringement will be investigated
Report phone: (010) 68533533
http://foodmate.net.
GB/T23156---2010
The technical content of this standard is equivalent to EN13193-2000 "Packaging Terms" (English version). Packaging and Environment
This standard is equivalent to the translation of EN13193-2000. In order to facilitate use, the following editorial changes have been made to this standard: a) "This European Standard" has been changed to "This European Standard"; b) The foreword and introduction of the European standard have been deleted; Appendix B quotes the clauses and statements of GB/T16716.1 instead of the explanations and explanations of the European standard on waste regulations; c) "Chinese Index" and "English Index" have been added. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix, and Appendix B is an informative appendix. This standard was proposed and coordinated by the National Technical Committee on Packaging Standardization. This standard was drafted by the China Export Commodity Packaging Research Institute, and the Beijing Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau of the People's Republic of China participated in the drafting. The main drafters of this standard are Tu Yuande, Wang Lianjiang, Sun Qi, Guo Zhenmei, Ma Ning. Engineering
http:
natana
1 Scope
Packaging Packaging and Environmental Terms
This standard specifies the terms and definitions of packaging and packaging waste related to the environment. This standard applies to the treatment and utilization of packaging and packaging waste. 2 Overview
The terms established in this standard are based on the following basic principles: various recycling methods are relatively independent, and the order of the terms has no priority meaning; the characteristics of various packaging materials are relatively independent, and the order of the terms has no priority meaning. GB/T 23156—2010
The terms in this standard are divided into three chapters. Chapter 3 is about basic terms for packaging and the environment, Chapter 1 is about terms for biodegradation of packaging waste, and Chapter 5 is about terms for energy recovery of packaging waste. The terms in Chapters 4 and 5 are commonly used professional terms for packaging manufacturers that have been expanded for practical applications. For example, biodegradability refers to the potential for biological degradation of materials; biodegradation is inherent and predictable in materials; and biodegradation is defined based on the time measured by specific standard test methods.
Figure A.1 in Appendix A shows the relationship between the various terms. 3 Basic terms for packaging and the environment
3.1 General terms
Packing components pa 3.1.2
Packaging component packagingconstituent packaging or its components that cannot be separated by hand or by simple physical methods. 3.2 Terminology of packaging recycling and reuse 3.2.1
Recycling recovery
Under the condition that it does not endanger personal safety and does not pollute the environment, the recycled packaging or packaging waste is classified and treated in different ways, including material recycling, energy recovery, biodegradation, biogas production and composting. Note: For further explanation, see B. 1.2 and B, 2. 4. 3.2.2
recoverable packaging
Recyclable packaging
Packaging that can be recycled after a series of treatments such as classification and collection. 3.2.3
Recycling
Recycling
The technology and method of recycling discarded packaging materials through purposeful production and processing, including the recycling of organic matter (excluding energy recovery).
ht
GB/T 23156—2010
Recyclable packagingrecyclablepackagingPackaging that can be recycled after a series of treatments such as classification and collection. 3.2.5
Material recycling
Raw material recycling
Recycling technology and method other than organic recycling. 3.2.6
organic recycling
Organic recycling
Technology and methods for producing stable organic residue or biogas from the biodegradable part of packaging waste by aerobic (fertilizer) or anaerobic (biogas) treatment of microorganisms under controlled conditions. Note: See B.1.3 for further explanation. 3.2.7
Energy recoveryenergyrecovery
Technology and methods for producing heat by incineration of combustible packaging waste, which may be mixed with other wastes. Note: See B.1.4 for further explanation.
Returnable packagingreturnahlepackagingPackaging that has a specific collection system or is returned by pre-agreed agreement between the contracting parties, but is not intended for reuse. 3.2.9
Reusable
All operations of packaging are intended or planned to achieve a limited number of turnovers or cycles during its life cycle and are predetermined to be refilled or used for similar products, or to use supplements to enable the product to be sold on the market. Subject to the condition that it cannot be reused for a long time, the reused packaging will also become waste. 3.2. 10
Reusable packaging
reusablepackaging
Packaging or packaging components that are intended or planned to complete a limited number of round trips or cycles in a reusable system. 3.2. 11
onewaypackaging
Disposal
Any step, measure, operation or method for the final treatment of waste that does not endanger human health and does not harm the environment. Note: For further explanation, see B, 1.5 and 13.2.3. 3.3.2
Packaging waste
Any packaging container, material, component or ingredient that has lost or completed its intended use value or function and has become solid waste. Note: For further explanation, see B, 1.1, 13.2.1 and 3, 2.23. 3.3
Used packaging
Packaging or packaging components after all the products have been removed from the packaging. 2
Used packaging with hazardous residues Used packaging containing residues of hazardous substances or products. 3.3.5
Packaging litterWww.bzxZ.net
Abandoned packaging or packaging components that are randomly discarded in the environment without restraint. 4 Packaging degradability terms
GB/T23156—2010
Note: 4.1 The following definitions are approximate applications. For example, biodegradation refers to the biological degradation performance of a material. The time required for a material to be decomposed by organisms is given by a specific standard test method. 4.1
Degradation
The process of material structure undergoing significant irreversible changes and/or decomposition, such as loss of integrity, reduction of mechanical strength, reduction of molecular weight or change of chemical structure. Under the influence of adverse environmental conditions, degradation is divided into one or more steps within a certain period of time. 4.2
Biodegradation
Technology and methods of causing significant changes in the chemical structure of packaging waste materials through the action of microbial activity, especially enzymes. 4.3
Chemical degradation
Technology and methods of causing significant changes in the chemical structure of materials through the action of chemicals including catalysts. 4.4
Photodegradation
Degradation by absorption of visible light and ultraviolet light. 4.5
Mechanical degradationTechnology and methods of causing significant changes in the physical structure of materials through the action of mechanical forces, such as pressure, vibration, impact, shearing, grinding, cutting, etc.
Thermal degradation
A significant change in the physical and/or chemical structure of a material caused by the absorption of heat. 4.7
Compost
A mixture of various plant residues, obtained by biodegradation, which may contain other organic matter and a limited mineral component.
Note 1: Compost quality is regulated by national, regional and international standards and includes heavy metal content, ecological characterization and the extent of visible residues. Note 2: The term "compostability" is derived from the above definition and expresses the possibility of biodegradation of materials during composting. 5 Packaging Energy Recovery Terminology
5.1 Combustion Terminology
Combustion
A chemical conversion process usually using oxygen as an oxidant and accompanied by the release of heat energy. Combustible Material Combustible Material!
Any material that can release heat through combustion. 5.1.3
Crcomb ustion
mixed combustion
combustion of a mixture of various fuels.
mono-combustion
single combustion
combustion of a single fuel.
gasification
oxidation of part of an organic material into a gaseous fuel or synthesis gas. 5.1.6
incineration
combustion of waste with or without energy recovery, 5.1.7
waste-to-energy
waste-to-energy process
The burning of waste for the purpose of energy recovery. 5.2 Fuel terms
Any item that can be used as a source of energy. 5.2.2
Principal fuel
The main fuel used in an energy conversion device. 5.2.3
Secondary fuel
A fuel added to the primary fuel. 5.2.4
Support fuel
A fuel used to maintain the combustion temperature.
Refuse derived fuel; RDF Waste that has been pretreated to make it more suitable for combustion. 5.2.6
Puckaging derived fuelPDl Combustible material obtained after the classified collection of dispersed items mainly consisting of packaging waste. 5.2.7
Pre-treated waste
Waste pretreatment
Pre-treatment or operation to make waste more suitable for energy recovery and utilization. 4
ht
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Relationship between various terms
The relationship between various terms is shown in Figure A.1, which cannot be understood as a flow chart. PackagingPackaging
Used packagingTserd packaging
Reuse
Returned/Colliecied
RecyclingRecovery
(inclusive)
Recycling
Relationship between various terms in Figure A.1
http://wurfoodm
GB/T23156--2010
Packaging waste
Packaging Wasle
Disposal
CB/T 23156—2010
Appendix B
(Informative Appendix)
Explanation and explanation of waste
B.1 About packaging waste and its treatment and utilization B.1.1 Packaging waste
Any packaging or packaging material covered by definition 3.1 of GB/T16716.12008, except for residual products. Note: Packaging or packaging material that has been separated from the commercial operation or effective use chain. These materials may meet the conditions for recycling or may be classified as final treatment.
B.1.2 Recycling
Any operation or treatment covered by definition 3.3 of GB/T16716.12008, except for the final treatment defined in 3.3.1 of this standard.
Note: The above operations are aimed at reducing the final disposal volume of waste, mainly for recycling (including composting) and energy recovery of used packaging. B.1.3 Organic recycling
Landfilling should not be considered as a form of organic recycling. Note: The terms "organic recycling" and "organic recovery" are considered synonymous. B.1.4 Energy recovery
The heat generation evaluation or heat estimation of the material processing process can be converted into effective electrical energy. B.1.5 Disposal
The final treatment of packaging waste covered by 1.1 of GB/T16716.12008 and its referenced standards. Note: Within the life cycle of packaging and packaging waste, the final disposal of packaging waste may be predetermined and not belong to the usual recycling in the past.
B.2 About waste and its disposal
Waste disposal
The applicable standards for waste disposal are in Chapter 2 of GB/T16716.1--2008. The provisions for the disposal of packaging waste are in 4.4 of GB/T16716.1--2008. Waste is any form of items that the holder throws away, or intends to, or must discard. In the current national standards, waste is roughly divided into three categories: "hazardous waste", "general industrial solid waste" and "domestic waste". In the three human waste streams, packaging waste exists to varying degrees, such as packaging containers used for hazardous chemicals, disposable packaging of industrial product parts, etc. In urban domestic waste, packaging waste accounts for the largest proportion.
In order to facilitate a series of treatment, utilization and disposal of packaging waste, the following Table B.1 is a waste classification list, Table B.2 is a waste disposal operation method list, and Table B.3 is a waste recycling operation method list. B.2.2 Waste Classification
The waste classification diary is shown in Table B.1.
Table B.1 Waste Classification Catalog
Product or consumer product residues, without detailed description. Products without detailed description.
Company Partner Network
Products with expired use.
Table B.1 (Continued)
Pollution caused by spillage, loss or other accidents of raw materials, including any material, equipment or equipment that causes disaster. GB/T 23156—2010
Pollution caused by materials or by scheduled operations, such as residues from cleaning, packaging materials with residues, containers and other unusable parts, such as abandoned batteries, failed catalysts, etc. Materials that cannot be used for a long time satisfactorily, such as contaminated acids, contaminated solvents, and sharp tempering salts. Waste residues from industrial processing, such as slag, sediment, etc. Residues from decontamination processes, such as washing sediment, dust in sediment chambers, failed filters, etc., residues from mechanical processing and repair, such as lathe waste, grinding chips, etc. Residues from raw material extraction and processing, such as mining residues, oil spills, etc. Raw materials that are defective, such as extracts contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), etc. Any raw materials, substances or products that have been banned by regulations. Products that are no longer in use by the holder, such as waste from agriculture, household, office, trade and shops. Raw materials, substances or products that are generated by the relevant land treatment process. Any raw materials, substances or products not included in the above categories. B.2.3
Waste disposal operations
The list of waste disposal operations is shown in Table B.2. Note: This table lists the disposal operations used in practice. Waste disposal should not endanger human health and should not use steps or methods that may harm the environment.
Table B, 2 Waste disposal operations self-edited
1), 13
Accumulate on the ground or underground, such as suction landfill. Disposal on land, such as biodegradation in liquid or decomposition in soil. Deep burial, such as injection into a well, pond or naturally formed pit. Water enclosure, such as placement into a liquid or mud pit, pond or lake. Method
Special engineering landfill, such as placing in a linear, covered, and isolated unit. Placed in water outside the sea (ocean).
Placed in the ocean (ocean) including the seabed. Compounds or mixtures are treated by special biological treatment of wastes from all operations D.1 to D.12. Compounds or mixtures are treated by special naturalization treatment of wastes from all operations D.1 to D.12, such as evaporation, drying, incineration, incineration on land,
incineration on the sea (ocean).
Permanent storage, such as sealed storage in a container, placed in a mine and medium, batching or mixing before any operation in 1)1--D.12, pre-packaging before any operation in D.1~D.12, other storage operations not specified in 1).1~1).14, excluding temporary storage and non-routine collection at production sites, 7
Gold Companion
GB/T 23156--2010
B.2.4 Waste recycling operations
The list of recycling operation methods is shown in Table B.3. Note: This table lists the recycling operations that are used in practice. Waste treatment should not endanger human health and should not use steps or methods that may harm the environment.
Table B.3 Waste recycling operation methods list code
Main use is fuel or other methods to generate energy, quencher collection and (or) regeneration.
Recycling and/or recovery of organic matter that cannot be used as a solvent, including composting and other biotransformation treatments. Recycling and/or recovery of metals and metal compounds. Recycling and/or recovery of other inorganic materials. Reuse of acids or bases.
Recycling of substances or preparations for decontamination. Recycling of catalyst components.
Re-refining of oils or other reuse of oils. Use for agricultural soil improvement or ecological improvement. Utilization of wastes obtained from any operation of R1 to R.10 in accordance with the adjustment of wastes from any operation of R.1 to R.11. Other storage and drying of wastes not identified in D.1 to D.12, excluding new storage and non-routine collection at production sites. Hepin Partner Network httn
References
8 Packaging and packaging waste Part 1: General principles for treatment and utilization GB/T 16716.1—2008
GB/T23156--2010
Directive 94/62/ECL of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 1994 on packaging and packaging waste3]
Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste and its amendments 91./156/EEC and 96/350/FC and Commission Decision of 24 May 19969
http://foodmate.net
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.