Cereals and pulses—Determination of hidden insect infestation—Part 2:Sampling
Some standard content:
ICS 67.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T24534.2—2009
Cereals and pulses-Determination of hidden insect infestation-Part 2: Sampling
Cereals and pulses-Determination of hidden insect infestation-Part 2:Sampling
(ISO6639-2:1986,MOD)
2009-10-30 Issued
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Standardization Administration of China
2009-12-01 Implementation
People's Republic of China
National Standard
Determination of hidden rodent and insect infestation in cereals and legumes Part 2: Sampling
GB/T24534.2—2009
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-TKAONiT KAca-
GB/T24534 Determination of hidden insect infestation of cereals and legumes" includes the following 4 parts: Part 1: General;
-Part 2 Sampling
-Part 3: Basic method;
-Part 4: Rapid method.
This part is the second part of GB/T24534, GB/T 24534.2-2009
This part is modified to use IS06639-2:1986% Determination of hidden insect infestation of cereals and legumes Part 2: Sampling". The main technical difference between this part and ISO 6639-2:1986 is that in order to facilitate use in my country, the national standards GB/T5490 and GB 5491 of my country replace ISO 950 and ISO 951 cited in ISO 6639-2:1986. For ease of use, this part has been edited as follows: The foreword of ISO 6639-2:1986 has been deleted. The "Introduction" section of ISO 6639-2:1986 has been deleted. This part was proposed by the State Administration of Grain. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Grain and Oil Standardization. The drafting unit of this part is the Chengdu Grain Storage Science Research Institute of the State Grain Reserve Bureau. The main drafters of this part are Yan Xiaoping, Zhou Hao, Xu Shengwei, Lan Shengbin, Tan Xianchang, Li Fangwu, Ding Jianwu, Hou Xingwei, and Guo Daolin. 1 Scope Determination of concealed insect infestation of cereals and legumes Part 2: Sampling GB/T 24534.2—2009
This part of GB/T 24531 specifies the sampling method for the determination of concealed insect infestation in grains and legumes in bags or bulk.
This sampling method can be used as a routine method and is applicable to samples of grains in any form of storage or transportation from production to consumption.
2 Normative references
The following documents have become the terms of this part through reference in this part of GB/124531. All references in the period of reference shall apply to all subsequent references. Amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this part. However, parties to agreements based on this part are encouraged to investigate whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For undated references, the latest versions apply to this part.
GB/T5490 General rules for inspection of grains, oilseeds and vegetable oils GB5491 Sampling and sub-sampling methods for inspection of grains and oilseeds GB/T24534.1 Determination of insect infestation in cereals and legumes Part 1 General provisions (GB/T24534.1—2009, ISQ 6639-1:1986, IDT)
ISO6644 Cereals and milled cereal products - Mechanical automatic sampling 3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions defined in GB/T 24534.1 and the following terms and definitions apply to this part of GB/T 24534. 3.1
Batch consigament
The quantity of grain delivered at the same time and in the same set of shipping documents, which may be one or more batches (see note to 3.2). 3.2
Batch lot
The maximum number of grains sampled in a batch determined by a specific sampling plan that are considered to be the same. Note 1 : There is no limit to the size of the batch when sampling. For a batch with the same source and history, it can be considered as one or several batches for sampling as needed. If the batch is transported by several ships, trains, cars, etc., it is usually more convenient to sample each part as an independent batch. Any part of a batch with different sources and histories should be sampled as an independent batch. Note 2: The batch used in sampling for the determination of hidden insect infestation is different from the batch used in sampling for the determination of other indicators of grains and pulses in other standards.
Increment
The smallest amount of grain sampled from a single location in the batch. 3.4
Bulk samplebulksample
Grain obtained by mixing spot samples taken from a specific batch. YKNYKca
GB/T 24534.2—2009
Test sample laboratory sample
Grain for determination after subsampling from a mixed sample, or a spot sample (see 10.1). 4 Basic principles
Note: It is usually impossible to adopt a sampling plan that fully conforms to statistical theory when there is no or almost no previous information on the size and distribution of insect populations in the grain to be sampled. Therefore, the sampling plan given in this part of GB/T24534 does not necessarily require an accurate calculation of the insect population, but rather uses practical methods to obtain the most accurate information. 4.1 Before, during and after sampling each batch, ensure that all sampling equipment is clean and dry. Sampling should be carried out in an environment that prevents any foreign insects from entering the sample, sampling equipment and sample container. 4.2 The test sample should be sealed in a sample bag and should be protected from excessively high or low temperatures, relative humidity and direct sunlight. Any airtight container that may cause insects to suffocate cannot be used to hold samples. 4.3 If relevant information about grain is required, such as moisture, it should be sampled and packaged separately according to GB/T5490 or GB5491 or other relevant standards.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Mobile bulk grain sampling equipment: It can be a complex automatic sampling device (see ISO6644) or a simple manual sampling shovel. It is used to continuously extract samples from the entire grain flow cross-section and can take out samples from each part of a batch separately. 5.2 Static bulk grain surface sampler: sampling shovel. 5.3 Bulk grain deep sampler: casing sampler, or electric suction sampler. 5.4 Bag grain sampler: casing sampler described in 5.3. Bell-shaped sampler or multi-slot sampler can be used to extract spot samples. 5.5 Sample bags: Tight-grained cloth bags that can prevent insect infestation, with bandages, each about 40 cm long and 30 cm wide, and have been cleaned and disinfected. Note: The samples can be disinfected by brushing the inside and outside of the bottom or washing and drying, and placed in a 103°C oven (5.6) for 2 hours. Then cool in the oven. When the bags are not in use, they should be stored in a sealed, airtight wide-mouth bottle (3.7). 5.6 Oven: Able to maintain 103°C ± 2°C, used to disinfect sample bags and wide-mouth bottles. 5.7 Wide-mouth bottles: Airtight, used to store sample bags (5.5). 5.8 Lead seals and sealing equipment: Used to seal sample bags (5.5). 6 Time and place of sampling
Sampling can be done at any location from the farm to the final consumption site. Note: If sampling is done at different locations and times in the distribution chain, a standardized sampling procedure should be established and all sampling data should be compiled to present a comprehensive picture.
Sampling is best done when grain is loaded or unloaded from a warehouse or transport vehicle (train, ship, car, etc.). Sampling during bulk or storage, especially for grain that needs to be stored for a long time, is more difficult but also more important. Normally, it is not necessary to sample within 3 months after the grain is harvested. This is determined by the life cycle of pests that attack grain and the time it takes to migrate to the sampling point we have determined. 7 Determination and inspection of batches before sampling
7.1 The parties concerned should reach a consensus on the composition of the single or multiple batches to be inspected and a detailed description of the insect species to be reported (dead or alive).
Note 1: When exporting grain, attention should be paid to all the provisions of the importing country regarding designated pests and their tolerances. International trade is also affected by these provisions. Note 2: When a batch of trays is found to be free of pest infection or slightly infected after inspection, it is possible that a large number of free-moving adults will be produced in a short period of time due to the maturity of hidden pests. Changes in environmental mixing, cross-infection or some other reasons may cause rapid changes in insect population density or distribution. 7.2 Before sampling, the packaging bags, buildings, facilities and transportation vehicles should be inspected for initial infection and the grain temperature should be tested. The information recorded during the inspection may help evaluate the samples.
GB/T24534.2—2009
Any active insects found in the samples obtained should be collected and sent to the laboratory for identification in a separate sample bag. If there is a primary infection, it is not necessary to determine the hidden infection unless there is a dispute and the exact infection status needs to be known. 8 Sampling of bulk grain
8.1 Sampling of flowing bulk
When the flow rate is equal to or less than 100t/h, each batch should not be larger than 5000kg (5t) or less than 1000kg (1t), and the number of spot samples should be at least 1 per 1000kg. When the grain flow rate is faster, larger batches can be designed to facilitate sampling by the sampling equipment. Automatic sampling equipment or manual sampling shovels should be used for free-falling grain (see 5.1). If there is no free-fall point, mechanical sampling equipment or sampling shovels can be used. Note: Samples taken from the conveyor belt are less representative than samples taken from the falling position. 8.2 Sampling of stationary bulk grain (bulk grain stored stationary for more than 3 weeks) Note 1: In bulk silos, especially in vertical silos, the samplers that are usually available, such as sleeve samplers, suction samplers, etc., cannot reach all positions in the bulk silo. Therefore, in stationary bulk silos, sampling at positions that can be reached by the sampler will produce serious bias. In this case, the sample cannot represent the entire batch and cannot give an accurate average density of the insect population in the batch. Note 2: If the grain pile is not stirred, the most accessible parts of the bulk silo (the upper part of the silo to a depth of several meters and near the silo outlet and ventilation openings) are the areas most likely to be infested by insects.
Search for insects only in the following areas where insects are most likely to appear: a) Near the surface of the grain pile. If possible, near the ventilation openings (grain outlets, ventilation openings and air vents). Adult insects are most likely to gather in these places.
b) In the shallow grain layer at a depth of 2m or 3m. These places can detect the hidden insect stages of pests such as corn weevils of the genus Sitophitus that bore frogs in the grain layer. 8.2.1 Surface sampling
When the temperature above the grain pile exceeds 15°C, the 100mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (1). When the temperature above the grain pile does not exceed 15°C, the 250mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (2). The number of samples n to be drawn from different positions of the surface layer is calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2): A
n=1000
Wherein:
A——surface area, in square meters (m\);——grain bulk density, i.e. mass per hundred liter", in dry grams per hundred liter (kg/100 L). The value of n is rounded to an integer.
-+-( 2)
For warehouses with grain outlets, according to the corresponding proportions of the surface area and temperature mentioned above, the grain sample discharged from the bottom layer of the grain outlet chute should also be at least 1 kg.
8.2.2 Shallow sampling
Use a cannula sampler or suction sampler (5.3) to insert into the selected position, and the sample taken below the surface should be at least 1kg. The samples should be picked at uniform intervals. If an area with abnormally high grain temperature is found in the grain pile, the number of sampling points should be increased in this area. 9 Sampling of bagged grain
9.1 Selection of sampling bags
For a grain pile to be dismantled or a batch to be unloaded from a train, ship or car, the number of samples specified in Table 1 should be taken. KNiKa-
GB/T 24534.2--2009
Table 1 Number of samples to be taken
Number to be taken
Number of bags in the batch
Less than 10
10 Bags, random sampling
10 to 100
Square root of total number (approximately), random sampling greater than 100
For bags in situ, it may be possible to sample only the outer layers of the bags, including the top layer. Since most insects are found in the outer layers, this does not cause a serious problem. Replace "in the bulk" with "outer layers" and the sampling bag selection method described above can be used. The sample bags selected should always include the four corners of the pile, as they are most susceptible to infestation. Bags in other parts of the pile should be randomly selected to make up the required number of sampling bags. 9.2 Spot sampling from bags
Due to the non-random distribution of insects, equipment that can represent the grain contained in the package should be used (see 5.4). 10 Laboratory sample preparation
10.1 Original The initial spot sampling and the samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot sampling cannot be mixed, and each spot sampling should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot sampling as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form a mixed sample. Then, the mixed sample is divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be not less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:1 The parties concerned shall agree on the composition of the batch or batches to be inspected and a detailed description of the insect species (dead or alive) to be reported.
Note 1: When exporting grain, attention should be paid to all provisions of the importing country regarding designated pests and their tolerances. International trade is also affected by these provisions. Note 2: When a batch of trays is found to be free of pest infestation or slightly infested after inspection, it is possible that a large number of free-living adults will be produced in a short period of time due to the maturity of hidden pests. Changes in environmental mixing, cross-infestation or some other reasons may cause rapid changes in insect population density or distribution. 7.2 Before sampling, the packaging bags, buildings, facilities and transportation vehicles should be inspected for initial infestation and the grain temperature should be tested. The information recorded during the inspection may help evaluate the samples.
GB/T24534.2—2009
Any active insects found in the samples obtained should be collected and sent to the laboratory for identification in a separate sample bag. If there is a primary infection, it is not necessary to determine the hidden infection unless there is a dispute and the exact infection status needs to be known. 8 Sampling of bulk grain
8.1 Sampling of flowing bulk
When the flow rate is equal to or less than 100t/h, each batch should not be larger than 5000kg (5t) or less than 1000kg (1t), and the number of spot samples should be at least 1 per 1000kg. When the grain flow rate is faster, larger batches can be designed to facilitate sampling by the sampling equipment. Automatic sampling equipment or manual sampling shovels should be used for free-falling grain (see 5.1). If there is no free-fall point, mechanical sampling equipment or sampling shovels can be used. Note: Samples taken from the conveyor belt are less representative than samples taken from the falling position. 8.2 Sampling of stationary bulk grain (bulk grain stored stationary for more than 3 weeks) Note 1: In bulk silos, especially in vertical silos, the samplers that are usually available, such as sleeve samplers, suction samplers, etc., cannot reach all positions in the bulk silo. Therefore, in stationary bulk silos, sampling at positions that can be reached by the sampler will produce serious bias. In this case, the sample cannot represent the entire batch and cannot give an accurate average density of the insect population in the batch. Note 2: If the grain pile is not stirred, the most accessible parts of the bulk silo (the upper part of the silo to a depth of several meters and near the silo outlet and ventilation openings) are the areas most likely to be infested by insects.
Search for insects only in the following areas where insects are most likely to appear: a) Near the surface of the grain pile. If possible, near the ventilation openings (grain outlets, ventilation openings and air vents). Adult insects are most likely to gather in these places.
b) In the shallow grain layer at a depth of 2m or 3m. These places can detect the hidden insect stages of pests such as corn weevils of the genus Sitophitus that bore frogs in the grain layer. 8.2.1 Surface sampling
When the temperature above the grain pile exceeds 15°C, the 100mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (1). When the temperature above the grain pile does not exceed 15°C, the 250mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (2). The number of samples n to be drawn from different positions of the surface layer is calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2): A
n=1000
Wherein:
A——surface area, in square meters (m\);——grain bulk density, i.e. mass per hundred liter", in dry grams per hundred liter (kg/100 L). The value of n is rounded to an integer.
-+-( 2)
For warehouses with grain outlets, according to the corresponding proportions of the surface area and temperature mentioned above, the grain sample discharged from the bottom layer of the grain outlet chute should also be at least 1 kg.
8.2.2 Shallow sampling
Use a cannula sampler or suction sampler (5.3) to insert into the selected position, and the sample taken below the surface should be at least 1kg. The samples should be picked at uniform intervals. If an area with abnormally high grain temperature is found in the grain pile, the number of sampling points should be increased in this area. 9 Sampling of bagged grain
9.1 Selection of sampling bags
For a grain pile to be dismantled or a batch to be unloaded from a train, ship or car, the number of samples specified in Table 1 should be taken. KNiKa-
GB/T 24534.2--2009
Table 1 Number of samples to be taken
Number to be taken
Number of bags in the batch
Less than 10
10 Bags, random sampling
10 to 100
Square root of total number (approximately), random sampling greater than 100
For bags in situ, it may be possible to sample only the outer layers of the bags, including the top layer. Since most insects are found in the outer layers, this does not cause a serious problem. Replace "in the bulk" with "outer layers" and the sampling bag selection method described above can be used. The sample bags selected should always include the four corners of the pile, as they are most susceptible to infestation. Bags in other parts of the pile should be randomly selected to make up the required number of sampling bags. 9.2 Spot sampling from bags
Due to the non-random distribution of insects, equipment that can represent the grain contained in the package should be used (see 5.4). 10 Laboratory sample preparation
10.1 Original The initial spot sampling and the samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot sampling cannot be mixed, and each spot sampling should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot sampling as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form a mixed sample. Then, the mixed sample is divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be not less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:1 The parties concerned shall agree on the composition of the batch or batches to be inspected and a detailed description of the insect species (dead or alive) to be reported.
Note 1: When exporting grain, attention should be paid to all provisions of the importing country regarding designated pests and their tolerances. International trade is also affected by these provisions. Note 2: When a batch of trays is found to be free of pest infestation or slightly infested after inspection, it is possible that a large number of free-living adults will be produced in a short period of time due to the maturity of hidden pests. Changes in environmental mixing, cross-infestation or some other reasons may cause rapid changes in insect population density or distribution. 7.2 Before sampling, the packaging bags, buildings, facilities and transportation vehicles should be inspected for initial infestation and the grain temperature should be tested. The information recorded during the inspection may help evaluate the samples.
GB/T24534.2—2009
Any active insects found in the samples obtained should be collected and sent to the laboratory for identification in a separate sample bag. If there is a primary infection, it is not necessary to determine the hidden infection unless there is a dispute and the exact infection status needs to be known. 8 Sampling of bulk grain
8.1 Sampling of flowing bulk
When the flow rate is equal to or less than 100t/h, each batch should not be larger than 5000kg (5t) or less than 1000kg (1t), and the number of spot samples should be at least 1 per 1000kg. When the grain flow rate is faster, larger batches can be designed to facilitate sampling by the sampling equipment. Automatic sampling equipment or manual sampling shovels should be used for free-falling grain (see 5.1). If there is no free-fall point, mechanical sampling equipment or sampling shovels can be used. Note: Samples taken from the conveyor belt are less representative than samples taken from the falling position. 8.2 Sampling of stationary bulk grain (bulk grain stored stationary for more than 3 weeks) Note 1: In bulk silos, especially in vertical silos, the samplers that are usually available, such as sleeve samplers, suction samplers, etc., cannot reach all positions in the bulk silo. Therefore, in stationary bulk silos, sampling at positions that can be reached by the sampler will produce serious bias. In this case, the sample cannot represent the entire batch and cannot give an accurate average density of the insect population in the batch. Note 2: If the grain pile is not stirred, the most accessible parts of the bulk silo (the upper part of the silo to a depth of several meters and near the silo outlet and ventilation openings) are the areas most likely to be infested by insects.
Search for insects only in the following areas where insects are most likely to appear: a) Near the surface of the grain pile. If possible, near the ventilation openings (grain outlets, ventilation openings and air vents). Adult insects are most likely to gather in these places.
b) In the shallow grain layer at a depth of 2m or 3m. These places can detect the hidden insect stages of pests such as corn weevils of the genus Sitophitus that bore frogs in the grain layer. 8.2.1 Surface sampling
When the temperature above the grain pile exceeds 15°C, the 100mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (1). When the temperature above the grain pile does not exceed 15°C, the 250mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (2). The number of samples n to be drawn from different positions of the surface layer is calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2): A
n=1000
Wherein:
A——surface area, in square meters (m\);——grain bulk density, i.e. mass per hundred liter", in dry grams per hundred liter (kg/100 L). The value of n is rounded to an integer.
-+-( 2)
For warehouses with grain outlets, according to the corresponding proportions of the surface area and temperature mentioned above, the grain sample discharged from the bottom layer of the grain outlet chute should also be at least 1 kg.
8.2.2 Shallow sampling
Use a cannula sampler or suction sampler (5.3) to insert into the selected position, and the sample taken below the surface should be at least 1kg. The samples should be picked at uniform intervals. If an area with abnormally high grain temperature is found in the grain pile, the number of sampling points should be increased in this area. 9 Sampling of bagged grain
9.1 Selection of sampling bags
For a grain pile to be dismantled or a batch to be unloaded from a train, ship or car, the number of samples specified in Table 1 should be taken. KNiKa-
GB/T 24534.2--2009
Table 1 Number of samples to be taken
Number to be taken
Number of bags in the batch
Less than 10
10 Bags, random sampling
10 to 100
Square root of total number (approximately), random sampling greater than 100
For bags in situ, it may be possible to sample only the outer layers of the bags, including the top layer. Since most insects are found in the outer layers, this does not cause a serious problem. Replace "in the bulk" with "outer layers" and the sampling bag selection method described above can be used. The sample bags selected should always include the four corners of the pile, as they are most susceptible to infestation. Bags in other parts of the pile should be randomly selected to make up the required number of sampling bags. 9.2 Spot sampling from bags
Due to the non-random distribution of insects, equipment that can represent the grain contained in the package should be used (see 5.4). 10 Laboratory sample preparation
10.1 Original The initial spot sampling and the samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot sampling cannot be mixed, and each spot sampling should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot sampling as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form a mixed sample. Then, the mixed sample is divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be not less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:2 Sampling of stationary bulk grain piles (bulk grain stored stationary for more than 3 weeks) Note 1: In bulk silos, especially in vertical silos, the samplers that are usually available, such as sleeve samplers, suction samplers, etc., cannot reach all positions in the bulk silos. Therefore, in stationary bulk silos, sampling at positions that can be reached by the samplers will produce serious deviations. In this case, the sample cannot represent the entire batch and cannot give an accurate average density of the insect population in the batch. Note 2: If the grain pile is not stirred, the most accessible parts of the bulk silo (the upper part of the silo to a depth of several meters and near the silo outlet and ventilation openings) are the areas most susceptible to insect infestation.
Search for insects only in the following areas where insects are most likely to appear: a) Near the surface of the grain pile. If possible, near the ventilation openings (grain outlets, ventilation openings and air vents). Adult insects are most likely to gather in these places.
b) In shallow grain at a depth of 2m or 3m. These places can detect the hidden insect stages of pests such as corn weevils of the genus Sitophitus that bore frogs in the grain layer. 8.2.1 Surface sampling
When the temperature above the grain pile exceeds 15°C, the 100mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (1). When the temperature above the grain pile does not exceed 15°C, the 250mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (2). The number of samples n to be drawn from different positions of the surface layer is calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2): A
n=1000
Wherein:
A——surface area, in square meters (m\);——grain bulk density, i.e. mass per hundred liter", in dry grams per hundred liter (kg/100 L). The value of n is rounded to an integer.
-+-( 2)
For warehouses with grain outlets, according to the corresponding proportions of the surface area and temperature mentioned above, the grain sample discharged from the bottom layer of the grain outlet chute should also be at least 1 kg.
8.2.2 Shallow sampling
Use a cannula sampler or suction sampler (5.3) to insert into the selected position, and the sample taken below the surface should be at least 1kg. The samples should be picked at uniform intervals. If an area with abnormally high grain temperature is found in the grain pile, the number of sampling points should be increased in this area. 9 Sampling of bagged grain
9.1 Selection of sampling bags
For a grain pile to be dismantled or a batch to be unloaded from a train, ship or car, the number of samples specified in Table 1 should be taken. KNiKa-
GB/T 24534.2--2009
Table 1 Number of samples to be taken
Number to be taken
Number of bags in the batch
Less than 10
10 Bags, random sampling
10 to 100www.bzxz.net
Square root of total number (approximately), random sampling greater than 100
For bags in situ, it may be possible to sample only the outer layers of the bags, including the top layer. Since most insects are found in the outer layers, this does not cause a serious problem. Replace "in the bulk" with "outer layers" and the sampling bag selection method described above can be used. The sample bags selected should always include the four corners of the pile, as they are most susceptible to infestation. Bags in other parts of the pile should be randomly selected to make up the required number of sampling bags. 9.2 Spot sampling from bags
Due to the non-random distribution of insects, equipment that can represent the grain contained in the package should be used (see 5.4). 10 Laboratory sample preparation
10.1 Original The initial spot sampling and the samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot sampling cannot be mixed, and each spot sampling should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot sampling as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form a mixed sample. Then, the mixed sample is divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be not less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:2 Sampling of stationary bulk grain piles (bulk grain stored stationary for more than 3 weeks) Note 1: In bulk silos, especially in vertical silos, the samplers that are usually available, such as sleeve samplers, suction samplers, etc., cannot reach all positions in the bulk silos. Therefore, in stationary bulk silos, sampling at positions that can be reached by the samplers will produce serious deviations. In this case, the sample cannot represent the entire batch and cannot give an accurate average density of the insect population in the batch. Note 2: If the grain pile is not stirred, the most accessible parts of the bulk silo (the upper part of the silo to a depth of several meters and near the silo outlet and ventilation openings) are the areas most susceptible to insect infestation.
Search for insects only in the following areas where insects are most likely to appear: a) Near the surface of the grain pile. If possible, near the ventilation openings (grain outlets, ventilation openings and air vents). Adult insects are most likely to gather in these places.
b) In shallow grain at a depth of 2m or 3m. These places can detect the hidden insect stages of pests such as corn weevils of the genus Sitophitus that bore frogs in the grain layer. 8.2.1 Surface sampling
When the temperature above the grain pile exceeds 15°C, the 100mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (1). When the temperature above the grain pile does not exceed 15°C, the 250mm layer on the surface should be sampled, and at least 1kg of spot samples should be drawn from every 1000kg of the surface using a sampling shovel (5.2). See formula (2). The number of samples n to be drawn from different positions of the surface layer is calculated according to formula (1) and formula (2): A
n=1000
Wherein:
A——surface area, in square meters (m\);——grain bulk density, i.e. mass per hundred liter", in dry grams per hundred liter (kg/100 L). The value of n is rounded to an integer.
-+-( 2)
For warehouses with grain outlets, according to the corresponding proportions of the surface area and temperature mentioned above, the grain sample discharged from the bottom layer of the grain outlet chute should also be at least 1 kg.
8.2.2 Shallow sampling
Use a cannula sampler or suction sampler (5.3) to insert into the selected position, and the sample taken below the surface should be at least 1kg. The samples should be picked at uniform intervals. If an area with abnormally high grain temperature is found in the grain pile, the number of sampling points should be increased in this area. 9 Sampling of bagged grain
9.1 Selection of sampling bags
For a grain pile to be dismantled or a batch to be unloaded from a train, ship or car, the number of samples specified in Table 1 should be taken. KNiKa-
GB/T 24534.2--2009
Table 1 Number of samples to be taken
Number to be taken
Number of bags in the batch
Less than 10
10 Bags, random sampling
10 to 100
Square root of total number (approximately), random sampling greater than 100
For bags in situ, it may be possible to sample only the outer layers of the bags, including the top layer. Since most insects are found in the outer layers, this does not cause a serious problem. Replace "in the bulk" with "outer layers" and the sampling bag selection method described above can be used. The sample bags selected should always include the four corners of the pile, as they are most susceptible to infestation. Bags in other parts of the pile should be randomly selected to make up the required number of sampling bags. 9.2 Spot sampling from bags
Due to the non-random distribution of insects, equipment that can represent the grain contained in the package should be used (see 5.4). 10 Laboratory sample preparation
10.1 Original The initial spot sampling and the samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot sampling cannot be mixed, and each spot sampling should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot sampling as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form a mixed sample. Then, the mixed sample is divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be not less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:1 The original spot samples and samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot samples cannot be mixed, and each spot sample should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot samples used as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form mixed samples. Then, the mixed samples are divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be no less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:1 The original spot samples and samples obtained by subsampling the mixed samples are all called laboratory samples for laboratory determination. If it is necessary to understand the distribution of insects in the batch, the spot samples cannot be mixed, and each spot sample should be considered as a laboratory sample. 10.2 Except for the spot samples used as laboratory samples, all samples should be fully mixed to form mixed samples. Then, the mixed samples are divided into laboratory samples according to GB5491, and the sample should be no less than 1kg. 11 Packaging and labeling of laboratory samples
11.1 Packaging
The empty laboratory samples should be packaged in the sample bags (5.5) that have been cleaned and disinfected. The sample bags containing laboratory samples should be tied with a bandage, and then the bandage should be sealed with a lead seal to ensure that the samples are not damaged.
11. 2 Labels
If paper labels are used to mark samples, special high-quality labels should be used. If they need to be attached to the outside of the sample bag, the label holes should be reinforced. The external label should be tied with a bandage and sealed with a lead seal when the sample bag is packaged, or the label should be placed in the sample bag before the bag is wrapped and sealed, and the bag should be marked with a simple, indelible mark: label is inside the bag. Each label should include the terms required for the relevant agreement. The content required to be stated on the label shall be implemented in accordance with GB/T5490. Note: It should be noted that the sample is used for the determination of hidden insect infestation of bulk grain, not for the detection of other characteristics. 12 Delivery of test samples
The test samples should be sent out as soon as possible within 48 hours, and the samples should be packaged in a way that will not be damaged during transportation. 13 Sampling and test report
A sampling report should be prepared, listing the usual information and sampling conditions, including the visible insect infestation in the warehouse or silo, or the condition of the container or other means of transportation during sampling. If there are any differences from the provisions of this part of GB/T 24534, the report shall also indicate the technology used and all environmental factors that may have affected the sampling. Copyright exclusive infringement must be investigated
Book number: 155066·1-39264
GB/T 24534. 2-2009
Price:
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