GB 7258-1997 Graphic symbols for motorcycle controls, indicators and signaling devices
Some standard content:
GB7258-1997
Previous
This standard is a revision of the GB7258-87 standard.
With the development of my country's motor vehicle industry and road transportation, the technical performance, Build quality and driving speeds continue to improve. In order to further improve the safety of motor vehicles and reduce pollution, in this revision of the standard, the initial speed of vehicle road test braking inspection has been increased accordingly, and some requirements for vehicle safety structure, equipment and reduction of motor vehicle pollution have been added. In recent years, agricultural transport vehicles have developed very rapidly in our country. In order to strengthen the technical management of these vehicles and ensure safe operation, corresponding provisions for agricultural transport vehicles have been made in the standard during this revision. In order to strengthen the emission control of motor vehicle exhaust pollutants, the latest version of the referenced motor vehicle emission standards should be used. In order to facilitate the implementation of this standard, test methods have been added to the revised draft and are listed in the form of appendices (Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E) after the main body of the standard. In order to facilitate the differentiation of different requirements for different types of motor vehicles, Appendix F has been added in this revision. Transition period requirements for the implementation of this standard:
a) 3.1.3 Relevant motorcycles and mopeds should have trademarks or factory logos cast on easily visible parts of the engine; 7.6.2 Relevant mopeds should be equipped with Requirements for high- and low-beam conversion devices; 7.6.6 Requirements regarding the operating device of hazard alarm flashlights that are not controlled by the main power switch and requirements for hazard alarm flashlights used in assembly of wheeled tractors; 11.1.1 Relevant maximum design speed Requirements for installing seat belts on trucks and trucks with a speed greater than 100km/h, long-distance buses and tourist buses: 11.2 Requirements for installing rear-view mirrors on three-wheel agricultural transport vehicles, walk-behind variant transport aircraft, and walk-behind tractor units; 11.2 Regarding the requirements for installing lower-view mirrors on flat-head trucks with a length of more than 6 meters; the above requirements will be implemented for new production vehicles starting from the 13th month from the date of issuance of this standard. b) 7.6.11 requirements for at least two compartment lighting lines, 14.2 requirements for noise control at the driver’s ears: The above requirements will be implemented for new production vehicles starting from the 19th month from the date of issuance of this standard. c) 6.10 Regarding the requirement that when a trailer towed by a wheeled tractor with a load capacity of 3t or more and less than 5t is accidentally separated from the tractor, the trailer should be able to brake on its own; 6.13.1 The brake fluid level in the installation of the hydraulic brake system is too low Requirements for alarm devices; 7.2.4 Requirements for side reflectors; 7.6.4 Requirements for transportation tractors with a calibrated power less than or equal to 18kW that the relevant lamps can still light up when the headlights are turned off and the engine is turned off; 7.6.8 related Requirements for side turn signals; 7.7.3 Requirements that wheeled tractor units with a calibrated power less than or equal to 18kW should be equipped with relevant instruments; 8.1.6 Requirements that tires installed on motor vehicles should be adapted to their maximum design speed; the above It is required to be implemented on new production vehicles starting from the 25th month from the date of publication of this standard. d) 6.2.7 Requirements for the service brake pedal force of passenger vehicles with a seating capacity of less than or equal to 9; 6.4.2 Requirements for parking brake hand operation force of passenger vehicles with a seating capacity of 9 or less; 6.14. 1.3 Regarding the requirements for pedal force during inspection of passenger vehicles with a seating capacity of 9 or less, the above requirements for light off-road vehicles will be implemented on new production vehicles starting from the 25th month from the date of issuance of this standard. e) Regarding the requirements for emergency braking in 6.1.2, the transition period for its implementation shall be consistent with the transition period for the implementation of relevant standards. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D and Appendix E of this standard are all standard appendices, and Appendix F is a reminder appendix. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China. The units responsible for drafting this standard are: Traffic Management Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security and Highway Science Research Institute of the Ministry of Transport. Units participating in the drafting of this standard: China Automotive Technology Research Center, Tianjin Motorcycle Technology Center, Luoyang Tractor Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery Industry, Vehicle Management Office of Beijing Public Security and Transportation Bureau, Atmospheric Institute of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences, and China Urban Public Transport Association. The main drafters of this standard: Qin Yulin, Zhou Tianyou, Pan Keqiu, Ye Shengji, Bai Jingsheng, He Yong, Ying Chaoyang, Wang Fan, Cui Baoyin, Zhao Jialin, Nang Ying.
316
1 scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety technical conditions for motor vehicle operation
Safety specifications for
motor vehicles operating on roads GB7258-1997
Replaces GB7258-87
This standard specifies the complete vehicle and engine, steering system, braking system, lighting and signaling devices, driving system, transmission system, body, Safety protection devices and other basic technical requirements and inspection methods related to operational safety and exhaust pollutant emission control, interior noise and driver's ear noise control.
This standard applies to motor vehicles driving on my country’s roads. Note: The motor vehicle referred to in this standard refers to a vehicle driven or guided by a power device, running on the road, used for passengers or (and) transporting goods or performing special operations, including cars, express trains, trolleybuses, Agricultural transport vehicles, motorcycles, mopeds, transport tractors and wheeled special machinery vehicles, etc., but does not include any vehicles running on tracks.
2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions indicated are valid. All standards are subject to revision and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the standard listed below. GB1496-79 Motor vehicle noise measurement method GB/T3181-1995 Paint film color standard
GB4094-94 Markings of automobile control parts, indicators and signaling devices GB4599-94
Automotive headlight light distribution Performance
GB 4785—84
GB 594886
Quantity, location and light color of external lighting and signaling devices on automobiles and trailers Motorcycle headlamp light distribution performance
GB9656 --1996 Safety glass for automobiles
Safety technical requirements for agricultural and forestry tractors and machinery Part 1: General provisions GB10395.1—89
GB1039689
GB 11381—89
GB 12428 —90 | | tt | Air pollutant emission standards
GB14761.1—93
GB14761.2—93
GB 14761. 3—93
GB14761.4—93||tt| |GB 14761.5—93
GB 14761. 6—93
GB 14761.7—93
Light vehicle exhaust pollutant emission standards
Vehicle gasoline engine exhaust pollutants Emission standards
Fuel evaporation pollutant emission standards for gasoline vehicles Crankcase pollutant emission standards for automobiles
Idle pollutant emission standards for gasoline vehicles
Free acceleration smoke emission standards for diesel vehicles ||tt ||Automotive Diesel Engine Full Load Smoke Emission Standard National Technical Supervision Bureau 1997-04-09 Approved for implementation on 1998-01-01
317
GB 15365-94
3 Complete Vehicle| | tt | Install a trademark or factory logo that can be maintained permanently, and a mark that can identify the model should be installed on an easily visible part of the outer surface of the vehicle body. 3.1.2 Vehicles must be equipped with product labels that can be permanently maintained. The product label should be fixed in an obvious position that is not affected by replacement parts, and its specific location should be specified in the product instruction manual. The sign shall indicate the brand name, vehicle model, engine rated power or displacement (except trailers), total mass, carrying mass or number of passengers (except engineering vehicles), factory serial number, year and month of manufacture, and the name of the manufacturer. The signs of two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds do not need to indicate the total mass, carrying capacity or number of passengers, or the factory serial number.
3.1.3 The engine model number should be printed (or cast) on an easily visible part of the cylinder block, and the factory number should be printed on an easily visible and imprintable part of the cylinder block. The height of the printed characters should not be less than 7mm, and the depth should not be less than 0 .2mm, start and end marks should be printed on both ends of the factory number. Motorcycles and portable trailers should have their trademarks or factory logos printed on easily visible parts of the engine. The factory number should be printed on the easily visible and imprintable parts of the crankcase. The height of the printed characters should not be less than 5mm and the depth should not be less than 0.2mm. The starting and ending marks should be printed on both ends of the factory number. 3.1.4 The vehicle model and factory serial number should be printed on the frame (for vehicles without a frame, it is the tree part that is mainly carried by the body and cannot be disassembled) in an easily visible and easy-to-print area. The height of the printed words is 10mm and the depth is not less than 0.3 mm, with the model number in front and the factory number at the back; the model number and factory number of motorcycles and light trailers should be printed on a part of the frame that is easily visible and easy to print. The height of the printed word should not be less than 5mm and the depth should not be less than 0.2mm. The factory number should be printed on the frame. Start and end marks should be printed on both ends. The specific location of printing should be specified in the product instruction manual. The easy-to-print Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) can replace the vehicle model and factory serial number. 3.2 Vehicle exterior dimensions
See Table 1 for vehicle exterior dimensions limits.
Table 1 Vehicle outer seat size limits
Vehicle type
Freight truck (including smart digital cargo off-road vehicle) integrated passenger car, integrated tram
Single Interconnected passenger cars, single-receiving unmanned trams, semi-trailer car trains
full trailer car trains
four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles||tt| |Two-wheeled motorcycles
Three-wheeled motorcycles
Three-wheeled motorcycles
Lightweight two-wheeled motorcycles
Three-wheeled motorcycles||tt| |Wheeled tractor unit
Walk-behind tractor unit, walk-behind modified transport machine 1) The height limit for double-decker buses traveling on fixed lines is 4.2m. long
12
≤12
≤18
≤16.5
20
≤5.5
4||tt ||≤2.5
2.7
≤3.5
≤1.8
≤2.0
10
5
2) The length limit for vehicles with fixed power greater than 58kW is 12m. The height limit is 3.5m, 3.3 vehicle rear suspension
318
width
2.5
2.5
≤2.5
≤2.5
≤2.5
2
≤1.5
1.0
1.75||tt| |≤1.5
0.8
1.0
≤2.5
≤1.7
HighwwW.bzxz.Net
4
4||tt ||4
4
2.5
62
51.4
1.4
2.0
≤1.1||tt| | 1.1 | | tt | | 3 | 65% of the wheelbase, and the maximum shall not exceed 3.5m. The rear diameter of closed four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles shall not exceed 60% of the wheelbase, and the rear diameter of other vehicles shall not exceed 55% of the wheelbase. For a three-axle vehicle, if the second and third axles have dual rear axles, the wheelbase should be calculated based on the distance from the first axle to the center line of the dual rear axles; if the first and second axles have dual steering axles, the wheelbase should be calculated based on the distance between the first and third axles. Axis wheelbase calculation. || tt | , take the minimum value for approval. 3.4.2 Approval of the number of passengers in the cab
3.4.2.1 For front seats with only one row of seats or double rows of seats in the cab, the internal width of the cab (referring to the lower edge of the cab door window and behind the door If the inner side of the pillar (measured) is equal to or greater than 1200mm, 2 people will be assessed; if it is equal to or greater than 1650mm, 3 people will be assessed. Motor vehicle cabs whose length is less than or equal to 6m and whose internal width is greater than or equal to 1550mm are approved for 3 persons. 3.4.2.2 For rear seats with double rows of seats in the cab, one person is assessed for every 400mm of the interior width of the vehicle body measured at the middle position of the seat cushion. 3.4.2.3 For trucks with sleeper berths, each sleeper berth is limited to one person. 3.4.3 Approval of the number of vehicle passengers
3.4.3.1 Approval of the number of passengers based on the quality: 1 ton is equivalent to 15 people (1 ton of long-distance buses is equivalent to 13 people). 3.4.3.2 Approval based on seat cushion width and floor area for standing passengers: 1 person is approved for every 400mm of seat cushion width: 1 person is approved for every 400mm of seat cushion width: 1 person is approved for every 400mm of seat cushion width: 1 person is approved for city buses and trolleybuses when it is 0.125m, and others are allowed For buses with standing passengers, 0.15m is allowed for one person. For buses with seats, the floor area for passengers is determined according to the regulations of GB12428. 3.4.3.3 The number of passengers shall be determined based on sleeper berths; each berth of a sleeper coach shall be rated with one person based on the minimum number of passengers calculated in 3.4.3.1, 3.4.3.2 and 3.4.3.3. 3.4.3.4 In addition to the driver, a transport tractor with a cab may be equipped with a co-pilot. The width of the seat cushion is not less than 400mm, the depth of the seat is not less than 400mm, and the seat should not increase the outer dimensions of the tractor. When the above conditions are not met, only one driver is allowed to ride:
3.4.3.5 Motorcycle Approval of the number of passengers in cars and mopeds a) In addition to the driver, one person can ride on a two-wheeled motorcycle with a fixed seat. In a three-wheeled motorcycle, in addition to the driver, one person can ride on each of the main car and the sidecar with fixed seats. Person b)
c) The cab of the three-wheeled motorcycle is approved to accommodate one driver. The number of passengers on a three-wheeled motorcycle is determined in accordance with 3.4.3.1 and 3.4.3.2, and no seats are allowed;
d) The number of passengers on a light motorcycle is determined by 1 driver. 3.4.4 The trailer mass basis ratio of the wheeled tractor unit (the ratio of the total mass of the trailer to the tractor's maintenance plate) should not be greater than 3. 3.5 The load mass of the steering shaft (wheel) and the wheel load mass of the sidecar of the three-wheeled motorcycle 3.5.1 When a motor vehicle is unloaded or fully loaded, the ratio of the steering shaft (wheel) load mass to the vehicle's curb mass and allowable total mass shall not be less than:
The number of seats is less than or equal to 9 (including the driver) 30% for passenger cars (seats, lower compartment); 18% for three-wheeled motorcycles and three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles; 20% for other vehicles.
3.5.2 When the three-wheeled motorcycle is in the unloaded and fully loaded states, the loaded mass of the sidecar wheels shall be less than 35% of the vehicle's curb weight and total mass respectively.
3.6 Specific power
The specific power of motor vehicles (except trolleybuses) should not be less than 4.8kW/t, among which the specific power of agricultural transport vehicles and transport tractors should not be less than 4.0kW/t.
3.7 Side frequency stability angle and parking stability angle
3.7.1 When the vehicle is empty and static, the maximum roll stability angle when tilting to the left or side shall not be less than 319||tt GB7258-1997 | °; One other vehicle (except two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds) 35\. 3.7.2 When two-wheeled motorcycles and light motorcycles are supported by poles, the parking stability angles to the left, right, and forward should be no less than 8°, 4°, and 4 respectively; when supported by parking racks, The parking stability angle to the left, right and forward should not be less than 7°, 3.8 Water leakage inspection
When the engine is running and stopped, the water tank, water pump, cylinder block, cylinder head, heater device and all There should be no obvious water leakage at the connecting parts.
3.9 Oil leakage inspection
The continuous driving distance of the motor vehicle is not less than 10km. After parking for 5 minutes, observe that there should be no obvious oil leakage. 3.10 Speedometer inspection
The allowable error range of the speedometer is between 10.20% and 1.5%. That is: when the actual vehicle speed is 40km/h, the speedometer indication value should be 38km/h ~ 48km/h. For the inspection method, see Appendix A (standard appendix). 3.11 Appearance of the vehicle
3.11.1 The appearance of the vehicle should be clean and tidy, and all parts and components should be intact, tightly connected, and free of defects. 3.11.2 The car body should be straight, and the height difference between the left and right symmetrical parts of the outer edge of the car body should not be greater than 40mm. 3.11.3 The height difference between the left and right symmetrical parts such as steering handlebars and deflectors of two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds shall not be greater than 10 mm; the height difference between the left and right symmetrical parts such as the cab and compartment of three-wheeled motorcycles shall not be greater than 10 mm from the ground. The height difference shall not be greater than 20mm. 3.11.4 The allowable deviation of the center plane of the front and rear wheels of two-wheeled trailers, light two-wheeled motorcycles and three-wheeled motorcycles shall not be greater than 10 mm.
3.12 Graphic signs
The graphic signs of automobile and motorcycle controls, indicators and signaling devices shall comply with the requirements of GB4094 and GB15365 respectively. 3.13 Driving trajectory
3.13.1 When the vehicle is traveling in a straight line, the line connecting the center of the front and rear axles should be consistent with the center line of the driving trajectory. 3.13.2 When a car train and a wheeled tractor unit travel in a straight line on a flat, dry road, the towed vehicle shall not yaw significantly.
4 engine
4.1 engine has good dynamic performance, smooth operation, stable acceleration, no abnormal noise, and normal oil pressure. The engine power shall not be less than 75% of the original calibrated power.
4.2 The engine should have good starting performance. The car engine should be able to be started by the driver from his seat. 4.3 The engine must not "backfire" or "fire". 4.4 The diesel engine shutdown device must be flexible and effective. 4.5 The engine ignition, fuel supply, lubrication, cooling and exhaust system parts should be complete and perform well. 5 Steering system
5.1 The steering wheel of a motor vehicle shall not be set on the right side, among which the steering wheels of cars, trolleybuses and four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles must be set on the left side: Motor vehicles with special operations can be set on the left and right sides as needed. Two steering wheels. 5.2 The steering wheel (or steering handle) of a motor vehicle should rotate flexibly, be easy to operate, and have no obstruction. Motor vehicles should be equipped with steering limiting devices. During wheel steering, there must be no interference with other components. 5.3 Cars and four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles should have moderate understeer characteristics so that the vehicle has normal handling stability. 5.4 The steering wheel of the motor vehicle should be able to automatically return to the straight line after turning, so that the motor vehicle has a stable straight-line driving ability. 320 | | tt | Motor vehicles 10°; b) Large-volume motor vehicles with a design speed less than 100km/h (except three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles) 15°c) Three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles 22.5°
5.6 Motorcycles, mopeds and The left or right turning angle of the steering wheel of a three-wheeled agricultural remote transport vehicle shall not be greater than: a) 48° for two-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds; b) 45° for three-wheeled motorcycles and three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles. 5.7 Motor vehicles must not deviate when driving on flat, hard, dry and clear roads, and their steering wheels (or steering handles) must not oscillate, have poor road feel or other abnormal phenomena.
5.8 A motor vehicle drives on a flat, hard, dry and clean cement or green road, and transitions from a straight line to a circle with a diameter of 24m along the spiral line at a speed of 10km/h within 5 seconds. The maximum tangential force exerted on the outer edge of the steering wheel shall not be greater than 245N. 5.9 When the axle load of the steering axle of a motor vehicle exceeds 4000kg, a power steering device must be used. Vehicles equipped with a power steering device should still have the ability to control the vehicle with the steering wheel when the power steering fails. 5.10 The minimum turning diameter of a motor vehicle shall not be greater than 24m when measured with the center line of the front outer wheel rail as the baseline. When the turning diameter is 24m, the inner wheel difference between the front steering shaft and the rear axle (based on the center line of the two inner wheel tracks) shall not be greater than 3.5m. 5.11 The front wheel alignment value of a motor vehicle should comply with the relevant technical conditions of the vehicle. 5.12 The amount of lateral sideslip of the steering wheels of motor vehicles (except motorcycles, light motorcycles and three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles), when tested with a sideslip meter (including double-plate and single-plate sideslipmeters), should not be greater than 5m/km. For inspection methods, see Appendix B (Appendix of the Standard). 5.13 The steering knuckle and arm, steering horizontal and straight tie rods and ball pins should be free of cracks and damage, and the lug ball pins must not be loose or expanded. When the vehicle is modified or repaired, the horizontal and straight tie rods must not be welded.
5.14 The front shock absorbers, upper and lower connecting plates and steering handles of motorcycles and three-wheel agricultural transport vehicles must not be deformed or cracked. 6 Braking system
6.1 Basic requirements
Motor vehicles should be equipped with a braking system sufficient to decelerate, stop and park two-wheeled motorcycles, three-wheeled motorcycles and light trucks Service braking devices shall be provided to control the front and rear wheels respectively. 6.1.1 Motor vehicles should have a service braking system. 6.1.2 The car should have emergency braking function. 6.1.3 Motor vehicles (except two-wheeled, three-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds) should have a parking brake function. 6.1.4 Each system of the vehicle's service brake, emergency brake and parking brake shall be equipped with a certain They should ensure that when any part of the control mechanism of one or both systems fails (except for the failure of the service brake control pedal, control connecting rod or brake valve), the emergency braking function is still available, | |tt||6.1.5 The braking system should be durable and cannot be damaged by vibration or impact. 6.2 Service brake
The service brake must enable the driver to control the vehicle to decelerate and stop safely and effectively. 6.2.1 Cars, express trains, trolleybuses, four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles, motorcycles All wheels of motorcycles and mopeds should be equipped with brakes. 6-2.2 The function of the service brake device should be reasonably distributed among each axis. 6.2.3 The function of the service braking device of motor vehicles (except two-wheeled, three-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds) should be symmetrically distributed between the left and right wheels of each axis.
6-2.4 Brakes must have wear compensation devices. When brakes wear out, brake blur must be easily compensated for by manual or automatic adjustment devices. The brake control device and its components as well as the brake assembly must have a certain reserve stroke. When the brake is heated or the brake friction pad is worn to a certain extent, effective braking should still be maintained without immediate adjustment. . 6.2.5 Use a vacuum-assisted service brake system. When the vacuum booster fails, the brake system can still maintain a certain braking performance 321
GB7258-1997
6.2.6 Service brake The free travel of the brake pedal should comply with the relevant technical specifications of the vehicle. 6.2.7 The pedal force of the service brake when producing the maximum braking effect should not be greater than 500N for a passenger car with a seating capacity of less than or equal to 9: for Other vehicles should not exceed 700N. The pedal force of motorcycles (except three-wheel motorcycles) and mopeds when the driving brake system produces the maximum braking effect should not exceed 400N, and the hand braking force should not exceed 250N. 6.2.8 When the hydraulic service brake reaches the specified braking effect, the pedal stroke (including idle stroke, the same below) shall not exceed three-quarters of the full pedal stroke; the pedal stroke of vehicles with brakes equipped with automatic adjustment imaging devices It shall not exceed four-fifths of the full stroke of the pedal and shall not exceed 120mm for passenger cars with 9 or less seats, and shall not exceed 150mm for other types of vehicles. 6.2.9 Hydraulic service brake systems shall not cause corrosion of brake pipelines by brake fluid. Or the function of the service brake system may be damaged due to air blockage caused by the influence of the engine and other heat sources.
6.3 Emergency Braking
6.3.1 Emergency braking must stop the vehicle within a specified distance when a pipeline in the service brake system fails. 6.3.2 Emergency braking may be a service brake system with emergency characteristics or an independent system separate from the service brake. 6.3.3 The arrangement of the emergency braking system should be easy for the driver to operate. Braking can be achieved when the driver hits the steering wheel with at least one hand on the seat. Its operating mechanism can be combined with the operating mechanism of the service brake system or the operating mechanism of the parking brake system, but the three operating mechanisms must not be combined together. 6.4 Parking brake
6.4.1 Motor vehicles (except two-wheeled, three-wheeled motorcycles and mopeds) should be equipped with a parking brake system. The parking brake should enable the vehicle to stop on up and down slopes even without a driver. The driver must be in his seat to implement the parking brake. 6.4.2 The parking brake should lock the working parts through a purely mechanical device, and the force exerted on the control device: when operated by hand, the parking brake should not exceed 400N for passenger cars with a number of seats less than or equal to 9, and should not exceed 400N for other vehicles. No more than 600N; when operated by foot, the passenger car with a number of seats less than or equal to 9 should not exceed 500N, and other vehicles should not exceed 700N. 6.4.3 The installation position of the parking brake control device must be appropriate, and the control device must have Sufficient reserve stroke should generally produce the specified braking effect within two-thirds of the full stroke of the control device. When the parking brake mechanism is equipped with an automatic adjustment device, it is allowed to achieve the specified braking effect within three-quarters of the full stroke. dynamic performance. The ratchet brake control device should ensure that when the specified parking brake effect is achieved, the number of reciprocating pulls of the control lever shall not exceed three times. It is not allowed to use hydraulic, pneumatic or electric drive to obtain the specified parking brake performance. 6.4.4. When using a spring-loaded energy-storage braking device for parking braking, it should be set up in an emergency state so that it can quickly release the parking state without using special tools.
6.5 Machines using pneumatic brakes When the air pressure of the train rises to 600kPa and the brake is not used, the air pressure drop should not be greater than 10kPa after stopping the air compressor for 3 minutes. When the air pressure is 600kPa, depress the brake pedal to the bottom and observe for 3 minutes after the air pressure stabilizes. The air pressure drop on a single vehicle shall not exceed 20kPa; the air pressure drop on a train shall not exceed 30kPa. 6.6 When a motor vehicle using hydraulic brakes maintains a pedal force of 700N (400N for motorcycles) for 1 minute, the pedal shall not move slowly toward the floor.
6.7 The air brake system must be equipped with a pressure limiting device to ensure that the air pressure in the air storage cylinder does not exceed the maximum allowable air pressure. 6.8 For a motor vehicle using a pneumatic braking system, when the engine is running at 75% of the calibrated power speed, the indicated air pressure on the air pressure gauge should rise from zero to the starting air pressure within 4 minutes (6 minutes for car trains, 8 minutes for urban articulated buses and trolleybuses) (The standard starting air pressure is calculated as 400kPa),
6.9 The driving brakes of automobiles, trolleybuses and four-wheel agricultural transport vehicles must use double or multiple pipelines. When part of the pipeline fails, the remaining The braking efficiency can still maintain more than 30% of the original specified value. 6.10 Motor vehicles should not brake on their own during operation. When the trailer (excluding trailers with a load capacity of less than 3t towed by wheeled tractors) accidentally separates from the tractor, the trailer should be able to brake on its own to guide the vehicle. The brake is still effective. 6.11. The design and construction of brake lines and brake hoses should be dedicated. Its installation must ensure that it has good continuous function, sufficient length and flexibility to accommodate the normal movements required by the parts connected to it without causing damage; they must have appropriate safety protection to avoid friction. to avoid injury, entanglement or other mechanical damage, and should avoid installation in places where it may come into contact with vehicle exhaust or any source of high temperature. 322 | | tt | Protection device to ensure that the compressed air (vacuum degree) provided by the cylinder (tank) will not be completely lost if the connection between the cylinder (yi) and the compressed air source (vacuum source) fails or leaks.
6.12.2. The capacity of this air cylinder should be guaranteed to be at the highest air pressure set by the pressure regulating valve and without continuing to inflate the vehicle after five consecutive full-stroke brakings. , the air pressure is not lower than the starting air pressure (if the starting air pressure is not marked, it is calculated as 400kPa). 6.12.3 Busy gas turbines should have drain valves.
6.13 Brake alarm device
6.13.1 For cars using hydraulic brakes, the filling port of the liquid reservoir must be easy to access, and the structural design must ensure that it can Under certain conditions, the fluid level can be easily checked. If this condition cannot be met, a low brake fluid level alarm device must be installed. 6.13.2 For motor vehicles using pneumatic brakes, when the air pressure of the braking system is lower than at least half of the specified pressure of the air compressor regulator limit pressure The alarm device should be able to continuously send an alarm signal that is easy to hear or see to the driver. 6.14 Road test to check braking performance
The driving braking performance and emergency braking performance test of motor vehicles should be carried out on flat, hard, clean, dry coal and cement or asphalt where the adhesion coefficient between the tire and the ground is not less than 0.7 Conducted on the road. The engine should be disconnected during inspection. 6.14.1 Service braking performance test
6.14.1.1 Use braking distance to test service braking performance The braking distance and braking stability of the motor vehicle at the specified initial speed should meet the requirements of Table 2. If there is any doubt about the braking distance of the no-load inspection, the braking performance requirements of the full-load inspection in Table 2 can be used. The braking distance refers to the distance traveled by the vehicle from when the foot touches the brake pedal (or when the hand touches the brake handle) to when the vehicle stops when the motor vehicle brakes hastily at a specified initial speed. Table 2
Braking
Vehicle type
Passenger cars with seats ≤9
Other cars with total mass ≤4.5t
Other cars, Cars, trains and trolleybuses, four-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
three-wheeled agricultural transport vehicles
two-wheeled motorcycles
three-wheeled motorcycles
three-wheeled motorcycles| |tt||Light barrier truck
Wheeled tractor unit
Hand-change plastic transporter
Initial speed
km/h
50| |tt||50
30
30
20
30
30
30
20||tt ||20
20
Brake distance and braking stability requirements
Full load inspection braking
Distance requirements
m
≤20
22
≤10
$9
$5
$6.5
7
≤8||tt| | ≤ 7.5 | | tt | | ≤ 4 | | tt | | 6.5 | Average deceleration test service brake performance no-load test brake
distance requirement
m
≤19
21
9
≤8
≤4.5
≤6.0
Brake stability requirements
No part of the vehicle shall exceed the test track width of
m
2.5
2.50
3. 0
2.5
2.3
2. 5
2.3||tt ||3.0
2.3
The average deceleration and braking stability of cars, car trains and trolleybuses when braking rapidly at the specified initial speed should be 323
' GB7258—1997
complies with the requirements of Table 3. The single-vehicle braking coordination time should not be greater than 0.65, and the train braking coordination time should not be greater than 0.8\. If there is any doubt about the braking performance of the no-load inspection, the braking performance requirements of the full-load inspection in Table 3 can be used. Fully emitted average deceleration FMDD:
VV
FMDD=
25.92(S,-S,)
where: FMDD--fully emitted average deceleration Speed, m/s*, V. ——Initial braking speed, km/h:
V——0.8V. Vehicle speed, km/h
V.—0.1V. Vehicle speed, km/h: S, - at speed V. The distance traveled by the vehicle between V. and V., m#S.
at speed V. and V. The distance traveled by vehicles between them, m. ·(1)
Braking coordination time: refers to the average deceleration (or table) fully emitted by the vehicle from the time the pedal starts to act to the vehicle deceleration (or braking force) specified in Table 3 during emergency braking. The time required for 75% of the braking force specified in 5. Table 3 Braking deceleration and braking stability requirements Braking
Vehicle type
Passenger cars with seats ≤9
Other cars with total mass ≤4.5t||tt ||Initial speed of other cars, car trains and trolleybuses
km/h
50
50
30
full load inspection is sufficient||tt| |Average deceleration emitted
m/ss
≥5.9
>5. 4
>5. 0
1) Big hand on the total mass The width of the test track for cars with a capacity of 3.5t and less than 4.5t is 3m, and the air charge inspection is sufficient
The average deceleration issued
m/gz
≥6.2
>5. 8
>5. 4
6.14.1.3 The brake plate force or brake air pressure during braking performance inspection should meet the following requirements: a) During full load inspection
Air brake system: Indicated air pressure S of the air pressure gauge Rated working air pressure: ||tt ||Hydraulic brake system: pedal force, passenger cars with seats less than or equal to 9 ≤500N
Other vehicles
≤700N
b) During no-load inspection||tt ||Pneumatic brake system: The indicated air pressure of the air pressure gauge is ≤600kPa; Hydraulic brake system: Pedal force, for passenger cars with less than or equal to 9 seats, is ≤400N
450N.
Other vehicles
Brake stability requirements
No part of the vehicle shall exceed the test track width of
m
2.5|| tt | | 2. 51 | . d) When inspecting agricultural transport vehicles, three-wheel motorcycles and transport tractors, the span plate force should not be greater than 600N. 6.14.1.4 If the braking performance of automobiles, car trains and trolleybus road test vehicles meets 6.14.1.1 or 6.14.1.2. 6.14.2 Emergency braking performance test
Under no-load and full-load conditions, perform emergency braking performance testing at the initial speed listed in Table 4, and measure the braking force from the starting point of the emergency braking operation to when the vehicle stops. The moving distance and emergency braking performance should meet the requirements of Table 4. 324
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