Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Measurement methods for exterior lighting
Meusurement methnds for exterior lighting1Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the lighting measurement methods for exterior lighting places. GB/T 15240-94
This standard is applicable to the measurement of outdoor lighting such as roads, stadiums, and fields. Other outdoor places (such as port terminal yards, parking lots, etc.) can also be used for reference.
2 Reference standards
GB5697 Ergonomic lighting terms
JJG 211 Brightness
JG245 Illuminance meter
JJG1032 Definition of light transmission measurement terms
3 Measuring instruments
3.1 Illuminance meter
3.1.1 For the measurement of illuminance of outdoor lighting, a first-class illuminance meter should be used. For the measurement of illuminance of road and square lighting, an illuminance meter that can read 0.1 Ex should be used.
3.1.2 The verification of illuminance i should comply with the provisions of JJG245. 3.2 Brightness
3.2.1 Brightness measurement shall be carried out with a graded brightness meter. When only the average brightness is required to be measured, an integrating brightness meter may be used. When, in addition to measuring the average brightness, the total average brightness and longitudinal uniformity of the brightness are required to be obtained, a brightness meter with a telescope shall be used. The viewing angle in the vertical direction shall be less than or equal to 2° and the viewing angle in the horizontal direction shall be 2°~20°. 3-2.2 The inspection of the brightness meter shall comply with the provisions of JJG211. 4 Measurement of road lighting
4.1 Sections and scope of measurement
4.1.1 Selection of measurement section
The selection shall be based on the typical flat road section with the same distance, height, pitch, elevation angle and consistency of the light source. 4.1.2 The scope of road section for illumination measurement
In the longitudinal direction of the road, it should be the area between the two lamp poles on one side of the road; in the transverse direction of the road, when the lamps are arranged on one side, it should be the entire road width; in the case of symmetrical lighting, central lighting and double staggered lighting, it is advisable to take 1/2 of the road width. 4.1.3 Scope of road section for illuminance measurement In the longitudinal direction of the road, it is the area within 1m from a lamp pole, at least including the area between two lamp poles on the same side; for staggered lighting, it should be the area between the two lamp poles on the right side, and in the transverse direction of the road, it should be the entire road width. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on 1994-10-17 and implemented on 1995-06-01
4.2 Method of point arrangement for measurement
4.2.1 Method of point arrangement for illuminance measurement
CB/T 15240-94
The measured road section should be divided into a number of rectangular grids of equal size. 4.2.1.1 When the illuminance uniformity of the road surface is relatively poor or the measurement accuracy is required to be higher, the number of grids should be more. When the distance between two lamp cups is less than or equal to 50m: along the road (straight and curved roads), the longitudinal distance is 10 equal divisions. When the distance between two lamp poles is greater than 50m, the grid is divided into equal intervals with a side length of less than or equal to 5m. In the direction of the road, each lane should be divided into one or two equal divisions. 4.2.1.2 When the illumination uniformity of the road surface is good or the accuracy requirement for the measurement is low, the number of divided grids can be reduced. The side length of the grid in the longitudinal direction can be taken according to the provisions of 4.2.1.1. The reverse length of the grid in the transverse direction of the road can be taken as the width of each lane. 4.2.2 Method of arranging points for completeness measurement
If only the brightness of the road surface is measured by the identification brightness, it is not necessary to arrange points. Or when the brightness of each measuring point is measured by a spot meter, points should be arranged. 4.2.2.1 In the longitudinal direction of the road. When the distance between two lamp poles on one side is less than or equal to 30m, usually 10 measuring points should be arranged at equal intervals between the two lamps. When the distance between the two lamp poles is greater than 50m, the distance between the two measuring points should be calculated according to the distance between the two measuring points. The number of measuring points shall be determined based on the principle of less than or equal to 5m; in the transverse direction of the road, 5 measuring points shall be arranged in each lane, the middle point shall be on the center line of the lane, and the two outermost points on both sides shall be located at 1/10 of the lane width from the boundary lines on both sides of each lane. 4.2.2.2 When the brightness is uniform and good or the measurement accuracy requirement is low, 3 points can be arranged in each lane. The middle point shall be on the center line of each lane, and the two outermost points on both sides shall be located at 1/6 of the lane width from the inverse boundary lines on both sides of each lane. 4.2.3 The point arrangement method for measuring illuminance and brightness at the same time should be the same as that of 1.2. The point arrangement method for measuring brightness should be used to measure illuminance and brightness. 4.3 Measurement of illuminance and brightness
4.3-7 Measurement of illuminance
4.3.1.1 The height of the measuring point for illuminance measurement is 4.3.1.2 The following illuminance measurement methods can be selected: Four-point method The measuring points are arranged at the four corners of the grid (Figure 1), and the measuring points at the corners of the grid are a.||tt| |Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the four-point method for point arrangement
Car certificate
GB/r75240-94
Center method: The measuring point should be arranged at the center point of each grid (Figure 2), and the illuminance at the center point of the grid is measured. h
4.3.2 Brightness measurement
Two spacings
Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the center method for point arrangement
4.3.2.1 The height of the observation point of the luminance meter. It should be 1.5m away from the road surface. 0
4. 3.2.2 The longitudinal position of the observation point of the luminance meter; it should be 60 Ⅲ away from the first row of measuring points, and the longitudinal measurement length is 100 I (Figure 3), 4.3.2.3 The horizontal position of the observation point of the luminance meter: For the measurement of average brightness and total average brightness: the sensor is located at 1/4 of the road width (W) inside the curb on the right side of the road in the observation direction (Figure 3). For the measurement of longitudinal and uniformity of the finish, it should be located on the center line of each lane. SFD
(a) When the lights are arranged in the center
(h) When the lights are arranged on one side
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the position of the standard measuring points of the luminance meter
GR/T 15240-94
(e) When the lights are arranged in pairs
When the lights are arranged in the center of the lane
4. 4 Calculation of average surface illuminance and illuminance uniformity 4.4.1 Calculation of average surface illuminance by the four-point method 0
When the lights are arranged on both sides
Continued Figure 3
4M.N(ZE, 2ZE.+ 42E)
Wu Zhong: Fha--average horizontal illuminance, lx; M
number of vertical grids,
number of horizontal grids;
illuminance of measuring points at the four corners of the measuring area, 1x1-E, illuminance of measuring points on the four outer edges, x,,
illuminance of measuring points within the four outer edges, x
4.4.2 Calculation formula of average horizontal illuminance by center method, Ehor
average horizontal illuminance, lx;
GB/T 15240-94
E,--illuminance at the th measuring point, ix
other symbols have the same meaning as formula (1)
4.4.3 Calculation of illuminance uniformity
U Enu/Enbzxz.net
Where: U is the average illuminance;
Erin is the minimum illuminance value at the measuring point, lx
Ea is the average horizontal illuminance calculated by formula (1) or (2), lz. 4.5 Calculation of average brightness and brightness uniformity 4.5.1 Calculation of average brightness 4.5.1.1 When using an integral brightness meter to measure the whole, the average brightness should be calculated according to formula (4): L = (L + L/2) Where, - average brightness, cd/m2, average brightness measured from under the lamp, cd/m2, average brightness measured from the middle point between the two lamps, cd/m2. 4.5.1.2 When using a brightness meter to measure the total, the average brightness should be calculated according to formula (5): Sin = L. Average brightness, ctl/rm, brightness of each measuring point, cd/m2; n - number of measuring points. 4.5.2 Calculation of total brightness U = Lmin/Lr
Where: - total brightness uniformity,
minimum brightness measured from regularly distributed measuring points, cd/tm; average brightness calculated by formula (4) or formula (5), cd/m\. 4.5.3 Calculation of longitudinal brightness uniformity
The minimum value of the longitudinal brightness uniformity of each lane measured should be taken as the longitudinal brightness uniformity of the road surface. The longitudinal average brightness of each lane should be calculated according to formula (7):
U = Iia/' m
Where: ld - longitudinal brightness uniformity;
fiu - minimum brightness of each lane measured separately, cd/m\L'... maximum brightness of each lane measured separately, d/m. 5 Illuminance measurement in stadiums
5.1 Selection of measurement site
A typical area or the entire site should be selected for measurement. For sites with completely symmetrical lighting device layout, only 1/2 or 1/4 of the site can be measured.
5.2 Layout method of illuminance meter
5.2.1.1 The measurement site should be divided into rectangular grids. The grid should be square. And the illuminance should be measured at the center of the grid (Figure 4). If Figure 4GB/T 15240 --94
is moved up or down by half a grid, or the illuminance at the intersection of the grid can be measured according to Figure 5, when the illuminance drop on the site boundary line is required, a grid can be added outside the upper grid (dashed line in Figure 5), but this illuminance should not be included in the calculation of the average illuminance. 5.2.1 Grid division
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of illuminance measurement at the grid center
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Figure 5 Schematic diagram of illuminance measurement at the grid intersection 5.2.1.2 The approximate number of grid points to be measured shall be determined according to Figure 6, Approximate number of grid points
CB/T15240—94
Field type
Figure 6 Determination of approximate number of grid points
--Determined approximate number of grid points, --- Variation range of approximate number of grid points 5.2.2 The grid division of football fields and stadiums shall be divided into rectangular grids according to the provisions of Figure 7
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GB/T 15240—94
Figure? The grid size of the measurement grid for football fields and stadiums is determined by equations (8) and (9): Af - F/11
Grid length.11;
Where A
The length of the long side of the rectangular field, m:
Grid width m
9——The length of the short side of the rectangular field, m.
GB/T 15240-94
The grid is divided according to the same grid size as above and extended beyond the boundary of the rectangular field, including the runway. 5.2.3 Grid division of the runway
5.2.3.1 The following grid division methods can be used for the straight part: 8, extend the rectangular grid between Figure 7 to the straight part of the runway, and only measure the points that fall into the runway grid. Divide the runway width <4> into four strips of equal width. In the longitudinal direction of the runway, the grid should be divided into approximate squares (Figure 8). h.
Figure 8 Grid division of runway
5.2.3.2 The following grid division methods may be used for curved sections: a. Extend the rectangular grid shown in Figure 8 to the curved section of the runway and measure only the points that fall within the runway grid. b.
The longitudinal grid lines should be curved, while the transverse grid lines should be composed of radial lines connected at appropriate intervals. The grid size for curved sections should be similar to that for straight sections (Figure 8).
5.2.4 Grid division of tennis court
With the center line of the court as the center line, divide it into square grids with a side length of 4x.774m (Figure 9)
Figure Grid division of tennis court
5.2.5 Grid division of baseball field
Infield and
5.3 Illuminance measurement
5.3.1 Measurement of horizontal plane illuminance
GB/T 15240—94
Figure 10 Grid division of baseball field
The measurement plane of horizontal plane illuminance should be the ground. Usually, the illuminance on the horizontal plane 1Ⅱ above the ground can also be measured. 5.3.2 Measurement of vertical illumination
5.3.2.1 The illumination of the vertical planes parallel to the four side lines of the flat field A, B, C, and D at the measuring point 1m above the ground can be measured (Figure 11) GB/T15240-.94
Figure 11 Schematic diagram of vertical illumination measurement
5.3.2.2 The measurement of vertical illumination of the color TV broadcasting site shall comply with the following provisions: When the position of the main camera is not fixed, the verticality of each measuring point to the four sides shall be measured according to the provisions of Figure 11 in 5.3.2.1. a.
b. When the position of the main camera on a side is not fixed, the vertical illumination on the vertical plane of the side shall be measured according to the provisions of Figure 12.
When the main camera position is fixed, the vertical illumination to the vertical direction of the camera shall be measured according to the provisions of Figure 13. 4
Upper image chaos area
Sketch of vertical plane for each measuring point when the main camera is not fixed on the side GB/T 15240: : 94
Stop position is fixed
Figure 13 Schematic diagram of vertical plane for each measuring point when the main camera is fixed 5.4 Calculation of horizontal plane illumination and its average illumination 5.4.1 Calculation of average horizontal plane illumination
Where: Eha
, horizontal plane waist, area;
- illumination at each grid point, lx.
5.4.2 Calculation of the uniform illumination of the water surface
Ui, -- Ehin/Ehay
Uh, Ehma/Ehiarr
In the play: U is the uniformity of horizontal illumination;
the minimum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x; the average horizontal illumination among the measuring points, lx;
E\- the maximum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x. Formula (12) can be used to calculate the uniform illumination of the water surface when broadcasting color television. 5.4. 3 Calculation of the average vertical illumination
In the formula: E is the average vertical illumination, lx,
E-the vertical illumination of each point facing each side, lx. 5.4.4 Calculation of vertical illumination uniformity
U.= E./E..
Wherein, U, is: - vertical illumination uniformity: Emin is the minimum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, IxE
- maximum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, 1x. 6 Illuminance of the square
6.1 Selection of measurement site1 Measurement of horizontal illumination
GB/T 15240-94
Figure 10 Baseball field grid division diagram
The measurement plane of horizontal illumination should be the ground. Usually, the illumination on the horizontal plane 1m above the ground can also be measured. 5.3.2 Measurement of vertical illumination
5.3.2.1 The illumination of the vertical plane parallel to the four side lines of the flat field 4, B, C, D at the measuring point 1m above the ground can be measured (Figure 11)GB/T15240-.94
Figure 11 Schematic diagram of vertical illumination
5.3.2.2 The measurement of vertical illumination of the color TV broadcasting site shall comply with the following provisions: When the position of the main camera is not fixed, the verticality of each measuring point to the four sides and then upward a.
should be measured according to the provisions of 5.3.2.1 Figure 11.
b. When the position of the main camera on a certain side is not fixed, the vertical illuminance on the vertical plane of the side should be measured according to the provisions of Figure 12.
When the position of the main camera is fixed, the vertical illuminance on the vertical plane of the camera should be measured according to the provisions of Figure 13. 4
Upper image area
Sketch of vertical plane of each measuring point when the position of the main camera on the side is not fixed GB/T 15240: : 94
Stop position determination
Figure 13 Sketch of vertical plane of each measuring point when the position of the main camera is fixed 5.4 Calculation of horizontal plane illuminance and its average illuminance 5.4.1 Calculation of average horizontal plane illuminance
Where: Eha
, horizontal plane angle, area;
-illuminance on each grid point, lx.
5.4.2 Calculation of the uniform illumination of the water surface
Ui, -- Ehin/Ehay
Uh, Ehma/Ehiarr
In the play: U is the uniformity of horizontal illumination;
the minimum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x; the average horizontal illumination among the measuring points, lx;
E\- the maximum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x. Formula (12) can be used to calculate the uniform illumination of the water surface when broadcasting color television. 5.4. 3 Calculation of the average vertical illumination
In the formula: E is the average vertical illumination, lx,
E-the vertical illumination of each point facing each side, lx. 5.4.4 Calculation of vertical illumination uniformity
U.= E./E..
Wherein, U, is: - vertical illumination uniformity: Emin is the minimum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, IxE
- maximum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, 1x. 6 Illuminance of the square
6.1 Selection of measurement site1 Measurement of horizontal illumination
GB/T 15240-94
Figure 10 Baseball field grid division diagram
The measurement plane of horizontal illumination should be the ground. Usually, the illumination on the horizontal plane 1m above the ground can also be measured. 5.3.2 Measurement of vertical illumination
5.3.2.1 The illumination of the vertical plane parallel to the four side lines of the flat field 4, B, C, D at the measuring point 1m above the ground can be measured (Figure 11)GB/T15240-.94
Figure 11 Schematic diagram of vertical illumination
5.3.2.2 The measurement of vertical illumination of the color TV broadcasting site shall comply with the following provisions: When the position of the main camera is not fixed, the verticality of each measuring point to the four sides and then upward a.
should be measured according to the provisions of 5.3.2.1 Figure 11.
b. When the position of the main camera on a certain side is not fixed, the vertical illuminance on the vertical plane of the side should be measured according to the provisions of Figure 12.
When the position of the main camera is fixed, the vertical illuminance on the vertical plane of the camera should be measured according to the provisions of Figure 13. 4
Upper image area
Sketch of vertical plane of each measuring point when the position of the main camera on the side is not fixed GB/T 15240: : 94
Stop position determination
Figure 13 Sketch of vertical plane of each measuring point when the position of the main camera is fixed 5.4 Calculation of horizontal plane illuminance and its average illuminance 5.4.1 Calculation of average horizontal plane illuminance
Where: Eha
, horizontal plane angle, area;
-illuminance on each grid point, lx.
5.4.2 Calculation of the uniform illumination of the water surface
Ui, -- Ehin/Ehay
Uh, Ehma/Ehiarr
In the play: U is the uniformity of horizontal illumination;
the minimum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x; the average horizontal illumination among the measuring points, lx;
E\- the maximum horizontal illumination among the measuring points, 1x. Formula (12) can be used to calculate the uniform illumination of the water surface when broadcasting color television. 5.4. 3 Calculation of the average vertical illumination
In the formula: E is the average vertical illumination, lx,
E-the vertical illumination of each point facing each side, lx. 5.4.4 Calculation of vertical illumination uniformity
U.= E./E..
Wherein, U, is: - vertical illumination uniformity: Emin is the minimum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, IxE
- maximum vertical illumination at the measuring point facing each side or main camera, 1x. 6 Illuminance of the square
6.1 Selection of measurement site
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