Some standard content:
ICS 67. 080. 10
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB18965—2003
Yantai apple
Product of designations of origin or geographical indication-Yantai apple
Issued on 10 February 2003
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 1 May 2003
GB18965—2003
This standard is a mandatory standard in its entirety.
This standard is formulated in accordance with the Provisions on the Protection of Products of Origin and GB17924--1999 General Requirements for Products of Origin. Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix: This standard is proposed by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Working Group on Products of Origin. The drafting units of this standard are Yantai Agricultural Bureau, Yantai Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau, and Yantai Apple Association. The main drafters of this standard are Wang Zhonghe, Liu Shiguo, Lv Qichang, Zhao Peice, Ma Degong, and Liu Baoge. 388
1 Specification
Products of origin
Yantai apple
GB 18965~2003
This standard specifies the protection specifications, terms and definitions, requirements, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation, and storage of Yantai apples.
This standard applies to Yantai apples, which are products of origin that are difficult to protect and approved by the product management department of origin. 2 Normative references
The following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any referenced document with an original date, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or sub-editions are not applicable to this standard. However, parties that have difficulty reaching an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any referenced document without an original date, its latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/8559 Apple Refrigeration Technology
CB/T8855 Sampling Method for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables GB/T J0651 Fresh Apple
GB/T13607 Apple and Citrus Packaging
IS08682 Apple Storage under Controlled Atmosphere
3 Scope of geographical origin protection
The scope of geographical origin protection of Yantai apples is limited to the scope approved by the product management department of the region of origin according to the product protection regulations of the region of origin, see Appendix A.
4 Terms and Definitions
GB/T0651 and the following terms and definitions shall apply to this standard. 4.1
Yantai apple
Apple produced within the scope specified in Chapter 3 of this standard and in compliance with this standard. 5 Requirements:
5.1 Natural environment
This area is located in the eastern part of Shandong Peninsula, bordering the Chaohai Sea in the west and north and the Yellow Sea in the east and south. There are many mountains or hills in the territory. It has a warm temperate continental monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild climate, sufficient sunshine, moderate rainfall and moist air. 5.1. 1 Humidity
The average annual temperature is 11.8℃, and the average annual frost-free period is 215 days. 5. 1. 2 The annual average sunshine hours are 2658.4 h, the annual average sunshine percentage is 60%, the annual average solar radiation is 5154MI/m2, and the total radiation during the fruit tree growing season (March to November) is 4340.6MJ/m2. 5. 1. 3 Precipitation The annual average precipitation is 735mm. The precipitation is concentrated in June to August, with an average precipitation of 443mm, which is the period when Yantai apple fruit needs a large amount of water for growth and development.
5. 1. 4 Environment
Brown fill soil accounts for about 80% of the total land area. The soil is fine and loose, with good drainage and strong water retention. The organic matter content in the soil is about 0.90%.
5.2 Nest management
5.2.1 Soil, fertilizer and water management
5.2.1. 1 ± Fertilizer
The land of the orchard is flat, the soil layer is deep, and the active soil layer is more than 60cm. More than 3,000kg of harmless organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and other organic compound fertilizers are used as supplements. The main fertilizer is applied in autumn, and the appropriate amount of topdressing is applied during irrigation during the period before and after flowering and during the period of young fruit expansion. The proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.0kg~1.2kg per sitting to produce 100kg of fruit, 0.5kg~0.75kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 1.0kg~1.2kg of potassium oxide. Apply trace elements in appropriate amounts according to the tree nutrition diagnosis. 5.2.1.2 Orchard Grassing
Plant two-leaf clover, first grass or oat grass between rows to increase soil organic matter. 5.2.1.3 Water
Use micro-irrigation techniques such as drip irrigation and micro-spraying to keep the relative water content of the orchard soil at 60% to 80%. It is prohibited to use polluted water. 5.2.2 Flower and Fruit Management
5.2.2.1 Pre-flowering Re-pruning
Pre-flowering of trees with many flower buds, adjust the ratio of flower and leaf buds to (1:3)-(1:4). 5.2.2.2 Artificial Sulphur Flower
Starting from the inflorescence separation period, cut about 20 in between. Select one strong inflorescence and remove all other redundant inflorescences. 5.2.2.3 Pollination
Use honey bees, wall bees and artificial pollination during the flowering period. 5.2.2.4 Fruit thinning
Fruit thinning starts 10 days after anthesis and ends within one month. According to the strength of the tree and the number of fruits, the appropriate spacing of fruits is determined, generally 20cm~~25cm. Select and retain the strong inflorescences with fruiting, keep one central fruit, and remove all the extra young fruits. 5.2.2.5 Fruit bagging
Fruit bagging starts 30d~40d after anthesis. It ends in mid-to-late June and early July. Thin the fruits and spray fungicides once before bagging. Remove the fungus 20d~30d before fruit harvesting. 5.2.2.6 Leaf removal, mulberry rotation, and reflective film laying Reflective film should be laid under the crown immediately after bagging to increase the reflected light in the lower layer of the crown and improve the color of the fruit. All branches and leaves that affect the color of the fruit should be cut off. When the sunny side of the fruit is colored, rotate the fruit so that the shady side of the fruit is fully colored. 5.2.3 Disease and Pest Control
Disease and pest control should be based on prevention and combined control. Pest control should be carried out in a timely manner according to predictions and forecasts. Mainly control rot, early leaf fall, ring rot, peach borer and other diseases and pests. National special pesticides shall not be used. 5.2.4 Shaping and Pruning
5.2.4.1 Main tree shape
Free spindle shape: tree height is about 3m, crown diameter is 2.11~3m, main branches are 12~15, suitable for orchards with plant spacing of 2m~3m. Small crown sulphur layer shape: tree height is about 3m~3.5m, crown diameter is 3.1~4m, main branches are 5~7, and the crown is oblate, suitable for orchards with plant spacing of 3m~4m.
5.2.4.2 Tree structure
The main branch angle of the spindle shape is about 80°, and the main branch angle of the small crown sparse layer shape is about 70°. The pruning method mainly uses sulfur shears, and combines tassels, thinning and shrinking. The spindle-shaped main branches that are too long are timely pruned, and the small crowns with layered tree heads that are too high are timely dropped. The maximum number of branches per mu in the peak fruit-bearing period is 70,000 to 80,000, and the light transmittance of the inner branches and leaves is 30%.
5.3 Picking
Harvest at the right time, and be gentle when picking to avoid bruises and punctures. 5.4 Grade Specification Index
Grade specification indexes are shown in Table 1:bzxz.net
Grade specification
Basic quality requirements
(Applicable to all grades)
Fruit diameter (largest cutting surface
diameter)/mm
Red varieties
Other varieties
Large fruit
Medium fruit
Small fruit
Avoid pressure injury
5.5 Sensory characteristics
Special fruit
General fruit
Second-grade fruit
GB18965—2003|| tt||Apples of all varieties and grades shall be well-shaped, fresh, free of diseases and insects; have the special characteristics of the variety; pure color, smooth surface, fully developed, with maturity suitable for market or storage requirements, regular or relatively regular fruit shape, neat fruit; stalks intact or uniformly cut off
90% of the color surface contains 80% of the color surface
The color selection that the variety should have when it matures
The color surface is net 60%
Slightly oxidized, the skin does not change color, the area does not exceed 0.5m2 Slightly damaged 1 place, the skin does not change color, the area does not exceed 0.5cm2 Slight rust is allowed, the area does not exceed 1.0cm2 Slightly thin layer is allowed, the area does not exceed 1.0cm2 Slightly scorched is allowed, the area does not exceed 1.0cm2 Slightly scorched is allowed, the area does not exceed 1.0cm20 cm is allowed to be slightly damaged, with an area not exceeding 0. 4 cm12 is allowed to be slightly damaged by insects, with an area not exceeding 0.5 cm2. It has the typical characteristics of apples in the Bohai Bay area, with large fruit, high fruit shape index, bright color, thin skin, tender flesh, rich juice, moderate sourness and sweetness, moderate hardness, and fresh and delicious taste. 5.6 Physical and chemical indicators
According to GB/T10651.
5.7 Hygiene indicators
According to GB/T10651.
6 Test methods
6.1 Grade specifications, physical and chemical indicators and hygiene indicators are implemented in accordance with GB/T10651,
6.2 Verbal characteristics
Shape and color are determined by monthly testing. Taste is determined by tasting. 7 Inspection rules
7.1 Inspection batches
Apples from the same production base, the same variety, the same maturity and the same packaging date are considered a batch. 391
GB 18965—2003
7.2 Sampling method
Performed in accordance with GB/T 8855,
7. 3 Inspection classification
7.3.1 Type inspection
7.3.1.1 Type inspection shall be conducted in any of the following circumstancesa) Annual picking period
b) The national quality supervision and management department proposes type inspection requirements. 7.3.1.2 Type inspection is all the requirements specified in this standard. 7.3.1.3 Judgment rules: When the unqualified fruit rate in the whole batch of samples exceeds 5%, it is judged as unqualified, and downgrading or re-grading is allowed. When one of the sensory and physical and chemical indicators is unqualified, double sampling and re-inspection are allowed. If there is still unqualified, it is judged as unqualified product. When one of the hygiene indicators is unqualified, it is judged as unqualified product.
了.3.2 Delivery inspection
7.3.2.1 Before each batch of Yantai apple products is delivered, the production unit shall conduct delivery inspection. The product can only be delivered if the delivery inspection is qualified and the certificate of conformity is attached.
7.3.2.2 The delivery inspection items are grade specifications, fruit characteristics, packaging, and marking. 7.3.2.3 Judgment rules: When the unqualified fruit rate in the whole batch of samples exceeds 5%, the grade specifications and sensory characteristics are judged to be unqualified, and downgrading or re-grading is allowed. If one of the packaging and marking is unqualified, the delivery inspection is judged to be unqualified. B. Marking, packaging, transportation, storage
8.1 Marking
The sales and transportation packaging of Yantai apples shall be marked with the origin product logo, and shall indicate the product name, variety, grade specification, origin, packaging date, production unit, quantity or net content, implementation standard code, etc. For products that do not meet this standard, the product name shall not contain "Yantai Jieguo" (including continuous or disconnected). 8.2 Packaging
According to GB/T13607.
8.3 Transportation
B.3.1 The transportation tools shall be clean and hygienic, without odor. Do not mix with toxic and hazardous items. 8.3.2 Handle with care during loading and unloading.
8.3.3 When waiting for transportation, the batches shall be clearly separated, the stacking shall be neat, the environment shall be clean and well ventilated. It is strictly forbidden to expose to the sun for a short time or drench. Pay attention to antifreeze and heat protection, and shorten the waiting time for transportation.
8.4 Storage
8.4. 1 Cold cutting of Yantai apples shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 8559. 8.4.2 Controlled atmosphere storage of Yantai apples shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T 8682. 8.4.3 The warehouse shall be free of odors. It shall not be stored together with toxic or harmful substances. Preservative agents and materials that may damage the quality of Yantai apples shall not be used. 392
GB18965—2003
Protection range of the origin of Yantai apples
(Normative Appendix)
You Baomei
Note: The protection range of the origin of Yantai Amomum villosum includes the entire territory of Yantai City, Shandong Province. Figure A.1
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