YC/T 158-2002 Definition and measurement principle of cigarette ventilation
Some standard content:
ICS65.160
Request number: 105882002
Tobacco Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
YC/T 158—2002
Determination of ventilation
Definitions and measurement principles
Cigarettes-Determination of ventilationDefinitions and measurement principles(ISO 9512,IDT)
Published on September 12, 2002
Published by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration
Implementation on December 1, 2002
Normative reference documents
Standard conditions
B·Instrument
Instrument calibration
Nesting indication
Accuracy
Test report·
Appendix A (Normative Appendix ）Calibration of ventilation standard parts
Appendix B (Normative Appendix) Calibration of ventilation tester with ventilation standard parts Appendix C (Informative Appendix)
Appendix D (Informative Appendix)
Testing of cigarette ventilation
Leakage inspection of ventilation tester
YC/T158—2002
This standard is equivalent to 1S09512 "Cigarettes - Foreword
YC/T 1582002
Determination of ventilation -
Definition and measurement principle". The technical content of this standard is equivalent to that of the international standard, but the editing format is slightly different from it. The difference from the international standard is that all the international standards cited in this standard are replaced by the corresponding national standards and industry standards. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are normative appendices, and Appendix C and Appendix I) are informative appendices. This standard is proposed by the State Tobacco Monopoly Administration. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Tobacco Standardization Technical Committee (TC144). The drafting unit of this standard is China Tobacco Standardization Research Center. The main drafters of this standard are Feng Qian, Zhang Quan, Zhao Hang, Gao Shixin, Liu Jun, Miao Cui, Ren Jingxia, and Chang Cheng. 1 Scope Definition and measurement principle of cigarette ventilation This standard specifies the method of testing cigarette ventilation. This standard is applicable to the measurement of cigarette ventilation. 2 Normative references YC/T 158—2002 The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through the reference of this standard. For any referenced document with a date, all subsequent amendments (excluding the content of the dated amendment) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, it is encouraged that the parties who reach an agreement based on this standard can use the latest versions of these documents. For any referenced document without a date, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T16447 Atmospheric environment for conditioning and testing of tobacco and tobacco products GB/T16450 Definitions and standard strips of smoking machines for routine analysis Tobacco and tobacco products Standard conditions and measurements for draw resistance and filter rod pressure drop of cigarettes GB/T 18767
3 Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Ventilation
The phenomenon of air being drawn into an unlit cigarette through the outer wrapper. Note: Dilution refers to the effect of ventilation on the reduction of smoke production. 3.2
Front end
The burning end of a cigarette.
Total airflow totalairflow
The total airflow flowing from the butt end when a cigarette is placed in the test device at the insertion depth specified in GB/T16450. Under standard conditions, the total airflow Q is 17.5mL/. 3.4
generator fur total airflow A device that keeps the total airflow from the butt end constant when the cigarette is placed in the test device at the insertion depth specified in GB/T16450.
ventilation airflow
The amount of air inhaled through the outer wrapper of an unlit cigarette. When a cigarette is placed in the test device at the insertion depth specified in GB/T16450, the cigarette filter end is in a negative pressure state after the airflow passes through the cigarette due to the effect of the cigarette's draw resistance.
total ventilation
YC/T158—2002
The total amount of air inhaled through the outer wrapper of a cigarette when it is placed in the test device at the insertion depth specified in GB/T16150. 3.7
degree of ventilation
The ratio of ventilation volume to total air volume, expressed as a percentage, see Figure 1a), Figure 1h), Figure 1c) and Figure 1d). 3.8
tcomponcnts of total ventilation
Total ventilation is composed of air drawn in from the cigarette paper and air drawn in from the filter tipping paper, see Figure 1b), Figure 1c> and Figure 1d).
Filter ventilation
The air drawn in from the cigarette butt end to the junction of the cigarette and the filter, see Figure 1b). 3.10
Paper ventilation
The air drawn in from the cigarette paper (including the overlap area with the tipping paper), see Figure 1b). 3.11
Hutt ventilation
The air inhaled from the clamped end of the cigarette butt to the cigarette butt mark, see Figure 1c). 3.12
Burnablc tobacco rod ventilationThe air inhaled from the cigarette butt mark to the front end of the cigarette, see Figure 1c). 3.13
Tipping-paper ventilationThe air inhaled from the held end of the cigarette butt to the outer joint of the tipping paper and the cigarette paper, see Figure 14). 3.14
Cigarette-paper ventilationThe air inhaled from the cigarette paper (excluding the overlapping area with the tipping paper). See Figure 1d). Heavy receiving area
According to the standard penetration depth stipulated by GB/T16450
Q-17. 5 ml/a
Q=-17. 5 L/s
Fixed holding ring
Figure 1 Different ventilation rates
Filter ventilation rate
Paper ventilation rate
Total ventilation rate
V=V+V-
Ventilation rate of combustible smoke section
Cigarette butt ventilation rate
Cigarette paper ventilation rate
2=17. 6 ml/:
Q:×100%
Q-17. 5 ~L/e
Filter tipping paper ventilation rate
Figure 1 (continued)
X 100% ....
YC/T 158—2002
（3）
（6）
When the constant airflow formed by vacuum suction flows through the unlit cigarette in the direction of standard smoke airflow, the ventilation volume of each part of the cigarette is tested and the corresponding ventilation rate is calculated.
5 Standard conditions
5. Before the test, the cigarette is conditioned under the atmospheric environment specified in GB/T16447. 5.2 The ventilation test of the unlit cigarette should be carried out under the test atmospheric environment specified in GB/T16147. 5.3 The flow direction of the airflow in the cigarette should be consistent with the airflow direction when the cigarette is smoked. 6 Instruments
6.1 The instrument used should be able to test the ventilation of each part of the cigarette shown in Figure 1 separately. 6.2 Fill the test device and the depth of the cigarette to be held in the ring should meet the requirements of GB/T16450. 6.3 In order to reduce system errors, the light-holding ring for holding cigarettes and the dividing ring for separating the ventilation test area are required to match the size of the sample to be tested in terms of model and placement, see Figure 2. 6.4 When the air flows through the cigarette placed in the test device, except for the front end of the cigarette and the light-holding part, the external pressure of the remaining area of the cigarette should not be greater than 2 cmPa of the test environment atmospheric pressure. Note: Tests have shown that as the pressure drop in the instrument ventilation test path increases, the measured ventilation volume will decrease proportionally. 6.5 The instrument uses a total airflow hood controller to ensure the test conditions. YC/T158—2002
The deviation of the total airflow is not more than ±0.11mLs Note: In vacuum testers, the critical flow orifice (CFO) is usually used to ensure the constancy of the total airflow. 6.6 The device for testing ventilation volume should not bring systematic errors to the test results, see Figure 2. Test atmosphere specified in GB/T18447
Ventilation volume test device
EAAAE
Standard inclusion detection specified in GB/T16450
Adjustable dividing ring
Ventilation area
Total air wash
Adjustable dividing ring
Ventilation area
Fixed holding ring
Cigarette draw resistance
Figure 2 Ventilation volume test diagram
7 Sampling
Select samples that can represent the overall characteristics on a statistical basis. The samples should be free of visible defects and wrinkles that affect the test characteristics. 8 Instrument calibration
Before calibration and calibration check, ensure that the instrument has no leakage and calibrate the instrument according to the method recommended by the instrument manufacturer. Note: Calibrate the instrument so that the calibration range covers the value range of the sample to be tested. 9 Procedure
9.1 Sample adjustment
Select a cigarette sample and adjust it according to 5.1. 9.2 Calibration
Calibrate the instrument with standard parts according to Appendix B.
9.3 Test
Adjust the test device according to the specifications of the cigarette sample to be tested. Insert the sample into the test device and operate the instrument according to the instructions. Record the required test parameters.
10 Representation of results
The ventilation value in the report is the average value of the test sample, expressed as white content ratio. The results are expressed as follows:
a) The test value of a single sample is accurate to an integer: b) The average value is accurate to one decimal place:
) The standard deviation is accurate to two decimal places.
11 Accuracy
YC/T 158—2002
Five cigarette products with nominal filter ventilation values covering the normal test range were selected to evaluate the accuracy of this method. The nominal filter ventilation rate values are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Nominal filter ventilation rate values
11.1 Inter-laboratory comparison test
Nominal filter ventilation value/
The repeatability (r) value and reproducibility (R) value of this method were determined using the test data completed by 17 laboratories participating in the research. A group of 20 cigarette samples was used, and each cigarette was tested for one group of samples per day. All the test work was completed in five consecutive days. The discrete analysis was completed according to ISO)5725. When the repeatability and reproducibility values were confirmed, the discrete values were eliminated. 11.2 The range of the average value of repeatability\ and reproducibility R value The range of the average value (M), repeatability (\) value and reproducibility (R) value of tipping paper, paper ventilation and suction resistance is shown in Table 2. Table 2 The range of the average value (M), repeatability (r) value and reproducibility (R) value of tipping paper, paper ventilation and suction resistance Number
Tipping paper ventilation
Paper ventilation
22.2,80.6
[3.2.11.7]
[70. 3,128.1
[0.10,0.47]
[.03.0.11
0. 44.2. 39
[0.86,1.91]
[0. 50,0. 91*
1.86,4.337
[0,45,1.07]
[0.09,0.28]
[2.03,8.85
[1.88.2.89]
LO.84.1.17
[3.99.8.33
In calculating R and -values, samples with ventilation values below 1.5 are not included because the normal confidence interval does not apply in this case. 12
Test report
51. 42.2. 217
[1.19,2.28]
[1.19,2. 157
The test report shall include the following: number of samples, marking and description of the samples, method used, results obtained and all details of deviations from this standard.
YC/T 158—2002
A.1 Ventilation standards for calibration
Ventilation standards are used to calibrate ventilation testers. Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Calibration of ventilation standards
Ventilation standards are marked with definite ventilation values and are used to calibrate ventilation values within the test range of the instrument. Ventilation standards are marked with definite pressure drop values and are used to calibrate pressure drop values within the test range of the instrument. A.2 Basic characteristics of ventilation standards
a) Ventilation standards should be made of inert materials that are not easily affected and will not age; a) Ventilation standards should conform to the size and shape of cigarettes; c) Ventilation standards should have definite repeatable values: ·． Filter ventilation value
- Pressure release value (p) when the filter ventilation area is open, d) Additional parameters of ventilation standard parts:
Paper ventilation value:
- Pressure drop value when the filter ventilation area is closed ():- Closed pressure drop value when both the filter and paper ventilation areas are closed (household). Through suction, a 17.5ml./s airflow is formed at the outlet of the standard part. e) The airflow flowing through the ventilation standard part should be laminar. The ventilation standard part should have good repeatability and be less susceptible to changes in atmospheric conditions.
Ventilation standard parts should have unique identification, which should include verified and traceable filter ventilation values and pressure drop values when the filter ventilation area is opened, and may also include other parameters. The uncertainty of the calibration of ventilation standards shall not exceed 1.5%. The calibration certificate shall indicate the atmospheric environment of the laboratory during the calibration process: atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity. A.3 Procedure A.3.1 Apparatus A.3.1.1 In order to obtain the characteristic values of the ventilation standard, a calibrator is required for testing. The mechanical structure of the calibrator must not change the characteristics of the standard, nor allow systematic errors to be introduced into the test results. The calibration should be carried out in the test atmosphere specified in GB/T16447. The calibrator should be able to test and calibrate the pressure drop value of the ventilation standard - see Figure A.1A. 3.1.2 The calibrator should have a total air flow controller to ensure the stability of the test air flow, so that the total air flow out of the outlet of the ventilation standard is constant within the range of (17.5 ± 0.3) mL/s. Note 1: In vacuum testers, the critical flow orifice (CFO) is usually used to ensure the constant total air flow. Note 2: Another method of flow and pressure drop calibration is to use the interpolation method to calibrate the flow that deviates from the calibration point of 17.5 mL/s. A.3.2 Flow test
The flow test device is used to check the total air flow at the outlet of the ventilation standard in the calibrator. This device will not bring systematic errors to the flow test results.
Note: In the past, the customary practice was to use a soap film flowmeter to perform flow tests, but this test method will bring measurement errors to the pressure drop calibration results. Because the test air is soaked by the soap film, it will cause an artificial increase in flow and a decrease in the viscosity of the film. 6
A.3.3 Pressure drop test
Test environment specified in GB/T16447
Meteor test device
Reduction test object
Flow test device
Total air washing
(vacuum state)
Figure A.1 Calibration device diagram
Test the pressure drop value of the ventilation standard according to B/118767. 4.3.4 Pressure drop compensation for flow test
Adjustable trap ring
Through area
Adjustable partition
Fixed clamping ring
Standard meter outlet
YC/T158—2002
A.3.4.1 When the standard part is inserted into the calibrator, due to the pressure drop of the standard part, the outlet of the standard part is in a negative pressure state after the airflow passes through the standard part.
A.3.4.2 The ventilation value of the filter and paper should be corrected as follows, and then compared with the total airflow at the outlet of the standard part to obtain the correct ventilation value.
The paper ventilation value is calculated according to formula (A1): Q=Qr
The filter ventilation value is calculated according to formula (A.2): Q - QX
A.3.5 Calculation of ventilation rate value
A, 3.5.1 The ventilation rate of the paper ventilation area is calculated according to formula (A, 3): p
YC/1: 158—2002
2 The ventilation rate of the filter ventilation area is calculated according to formula (A4): A.3.5.2
Where:
-actual atmospheric pressure, in Pascal (Pa). If atmospheric pressure test is not performed, it is usually 101325Pa: Q-total air flow, in liters per second (mL/s); Dx-pressure drop when the standard pusher ventilation area is opened, in Pascal (Pa); Q
-measured paper ventilation, in milliliters per second (mL/s): measured filter ventilation, in milliliters per second (m-/s): Qp-corrected paper ventilation, in milliliters per second (mL/s): -corrected filter ventilation, in milliliters per second (mI/a): C2FwwW.bzxz.Net
-paper ventilation rate, %;
V.--filter ventilation rate, %.
B.1 Calibration of the instrument
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Calibrate the ventilation tester with ventilation standards
Calibrate and operate the cigarette ventilation tester according to the instrument's instructions. B.2 Principle
YC/T158—2002
To ensure that the interpolation tester can achieve the best accuracy, the instrument should be calibrated to full scale as much as possible or the calibration range should be as close to the maximum value of the sample to be tested as possible.
Check the instrument's test device to ensure that the zero point of the ventilation is valid. At least one ventilation standard with a moderate value is required to check the leakage and linearity of the instrument.
B.3 Method
B.3.1 Before calibration, check the tester for leakage according to the instrument's instructions. The method of leakage check is illustrated in Appendix D. B.3.2 Insert the standard into the test device according to the instrument instructions, and balance the temperature of the standard to the temperature of the test atmosphere. When the instrument reading is stable, the calibration process is completed. B.3.3 Check the linearity of the calibrated instrument. At least one ventilation standard within the test range should be used for the check. B.3.4 For ventilation testers that can perform cigarette draw resistance tests and compensate for draw resistance, the pressure drop test device should be calibrated according to the requirements of GB/T18767.
Note 1: If the instrument can only perform ventilation tests and cannot compensate for draw resistance, the ventilation of the instrument can be corrected according to the correction method described in Attachment C. Note 2: It is recommended to use and have multiple calibration standards to calibrate the cigarette draw resistance and pressure drop tester. The parameter values should be verified and traceable. The parameters used are:
Filter Ventilation
Paper Ventilation
Pressure Drop when Filter Ventilation Zone is Open (and Product)
Pressure Drop when Filter Ventilation Zone is Closed ()
Closed Pressure Drop when both Filter Ventilation Zone and Paper Ventilation Zone are Closed () Using a single standard component can reduce the number of standard components required, reduce the risk of incorrect operation, simplify the process, and shorten the calibration time. When the three pressure drop values obtained in the force P test are used for calibration and calibration check of the instrument, they can also be used for leakage linearity check of the instrument curtain.
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