GB 15992-1995 Plague control and its assessment principles and methods
Some standard content:
GB15992-1995
Plague is a highly contagious animal disease, and its natural foci are distributed in 17 provinces (autonomous regions) and 216 counties (cities and banners) in the north and south of my country, which poses a serious threat to the production and life of residents. This standard is specially formulated to implement the "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases", gradually control plague between humans and animals, and ultimately achieve the grand goal of eradicating plague natural foci in all possible places. In 1985, the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China formulated the "Standards and Assessment Methods for Plague Control". The standards stipulated in this document are work indicators for promoting work and examining the effectiveness of prevention and control, which are different from this standard. However, some important contents of this document, such as assessment methods and various indicators and values, have been revised and incorporated into this standard. During the development of this standard, we strive to make full use of my country's field practice and theoretical research results in controlling plague and eradicating plague natural foci, and express them in relevant chapters and articles. Appendix A and Appendix B of this standard are both appendices to the standard. This standard was proposed by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The responsible drafting units of this standard are: National Plague and Brucellosis Control Base, Office of the Leading Group for the Prevention and Control of Endemic Diseases of the Communist Party of China Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee.
Participating drafting units: Gansu Institute of Endemic Disease Control, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Epidemiology Control Institute, Yunnan Epidemiology Control Institute.
Main drafters of this standard: Wang Sibo, Rehemu Wumar, Bai Qingkui, Liu Jiyou, Wang Wenshao, Shen Erli, Yang Huang. This standard is interpreted by the Office of Supervision and Administration of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Health, the technical unit entrusted by the Ministry of Health. 317
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of Chinabzxz.net
Plague control and its examination principle and method
Plague control and its examination principle and methodGB15992—1995
This standard specifies the control density of the main host animals of plague, the level of plague etiology and serology positive rate and group prevention indicators, and its examination principles and methods.
This standard applies to all counties (cities, banners) within the scope of the following seven types of plague natural foci in my country: a) Songliao Plain Daurian yellow squirrel plague natural foci; b) Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Loess Plateau Alashan yellow squirrel plague natural foci; c) Tianshan Mountain gray marmot-long-tailed yellow squirrel plague natural foci; d) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Himalayan marmot plague natural foci; e) Pamir Plateau red marmot plague natural foci; f) Inner Mongolia Plateau long melon gerbil plague natural foci; g) West Yunnan residential area yellow chested rat plague natural foci. 2 Reference standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest version of the following standards. GB 15991-1995 Plague diagnostic standards
3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
3.1 Plague control
Through group prevention, rodent (otter) extermination and various ecological measures in the natural plague foci, the density of the main host animals of plague has dropped significantly, the epidemic space of animal plague has been significantly reduced, the epidemic intensity has been significantly weakened, no human plague cases have occurred for many consecutive years, and the local residents have basically escaped the threat of plague.
Plague control and elimination of natural plague foci are two different concepts. The latter refers to the complete eradication of plague animal diseases in a certain type of natural plague foci, the complete disappearance of natural foci, the natural ecological conditions for the occurrence of human plague no longer exist, and humans are permanently free from the threat of plague. 3.2 Indicator animal
Domestic carnivorous animals such as domestic dogs and cats that are low in sensitivity to plague bacteria, highly resistant, can mostly recover naturally after infection, and retain plague antibodies in their bodies for a long time. Through serological monitoring of such animals, the epidemic status of plague among rats (otters) in a certain place at that time can be predicted. 4 Control standards
4.1 Average density of main hosts
4.1.1 Yellow squirrel (including Daurian yellow squirrel, Alxa yellow squirrel and long-tailed yellow squirrel, the same below) is equal to or less than 0.2 per hectare, approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 15, 1995 348
Implementation on July 1, 1996
GB 15992—1995
4.1.2 Marmot (including gray marmot, red marmot and Himalayan marmot, the same below) is equal to or less than 0.1 per male. 4.1.3 Long melon gerbil is equal to or less than 0.2 per male. 4.1.4 The density of yellow-breasted rat is equal to or less than 1.0% indoors and equal to or less than 2.0% outdoors. 4.2 Flea index of yellow-breasted rat
The average flea index of Indian rat is equal to or less than 0.5.4.3 Etiology and serology detection
4.3.1 As of the time of assessment of this standard, plague bacteria have not been detected in various animals and their external parasites for ten consecutive years. 4.3.2 The positive rate of F1 antibody in the serum of the main hosts in each year in the past twenty years is equal to or less than 0.2% for yellow rat, long-clawed gerbil and yellow-breasted rat; equal to or less than 1.0% for early otter; equal to or less than 2.0% for "indicator animal". 4.3.3 The titer of positive serum (test tube method) is less than 1:40 for gray marmot and less than 1:160 for other host animals.4.4 Level of residents' knowledge of rodent control
The popularization rate of rodent control knowledge is more than 50% in rural areas and more than 70% in townships. 4.5 Human epidemics
As of the time of assessment of this standard, there have been no human plague cases for twenty consecutive years. 5 Assessment principles and procedures
5.1 The county-level administrative area where the scope of natural epidemic sources has been fully investigated and the basic laws of plague epidemics between humans and animals have been clarified shall be the assessment unit. 5.2 The assessment unit must have a professional team capable of daily plague monitoring and handling emergency human-rodent epidemics; and have accumulated complete host, vector, pathogen and serological monitoring data. 5.3 Whether the plague control meets the standards specified in this standard shall first be determined by the health administrative department of the assessment unit to organize local professionals to conduct self-inspection item by item according to the technical methods and sample content specified in this standard. If the self-inspection results meet the standards, they may be reported to the provincial competent department for review.
5.4 After reviewing the application report of the assessment unit, the provincial competent department may organize experts to conduct on-site sampling according to 5% to 20% of the sample content of each assessment specified in this standard to verify the reliability of the self-inspection results of the assessment unit. 5.5 The approval authority for the achievement of plague control standards belongs to the provincial health administrative department. Relevant technical information and assessment documents shall be filed with the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China.
6 Methods and sampling
6.1 Survey of main host density (see Appendix A). 6.1.1 For yellow rats and long-clawed gerbils, the one-hectare-a-day bow-trap method is used; the sampling survey area is not less than 0.2% of the existing plague source area of the assessment unit.
6.1.2 For marmots, the two-time visual method is used; the sampling survey area is not less than 0.5% of the existing plague source area of the assessment unit. 6.1.3 For yellow-breasted rats, the night mousetrap (cage) method is used indoors; the night wire trap method is used outdoors. Each assessment unit shall sample 10% to 20% of the total number of administrative villages. For each sampled administrative village, the indoor mouse cages or mouse traps shall be no less than 600 cages (cages) per day; the outdoor mouse traps shall be no less than 600 traps per day.
6.2 Survey of host flea index (see Appendix B). 6.2.1 It is only applicable to the natural plague foci of yellow-breasted rats in southern my country, and not applicable to other natural plague foci. 6.2.2 Each: The assessment unit shall sample 10% to 20% of the total number of its administrative villages. Each sampled village shall provide no less than 10 yellow-breasted rats for flea index survey.
6.3 Etiology and serological examination
6.3.1 Etiology examination shall be conducted according to conventional bacteriological methods; serological examination shall adopt indirect hemagglutination test and reversed indirect hemagglutination test (see GB 15991).
6.3.2 For the source of yellow squirrel, marmot and long-clawed gerbil, the number of main host animals for etiology examination in each assessment unit shall not be less than 0.5% of the estimated reserve of main host animals in the source of the year 3.19
GB15992-1995
; all ectoparasites such as ticks collected from the body surface of the host animals for examination shall be subject to etiology examination; the number of serum specimens for serological examination shall not be less than 50% of the number of specimens for etiology examination. 6.3.3 For the plague source area, each assessment unit shall provide 2,000 to 3,000 rats for etiology testing each year, and the number of parasite etiology testing shall be the same as 6.3.2. The number of rat serum samples for serology testing shall not be less than 50% of the number of animals for etiology testing.4 For each type of plague natural foci, the number of "indicator animal" specimens for serological testing in each assessment unit shall be 20%~30% of the total number of local dogs for domestic dogs and 10%20% of the total number of local cats for domestic cats; all collected rats (otters) and other animals shall be subjected to etiological or serological tests.
6.4 Survey on residents' knowledge of rodent prevention
6.4.1 Each assessment unit shall conduct random inspections at a ratio of 10% of the total number of administrative villages and 30% of the total number of townships. For each random inspection unit, the survey population shall be selected at a ratio of 5% of the population over seven years old in administrative villages and 0.5% of the population over seven years old in townships. 6.4.2 Understand the popularization of residents' knowledge of rodent prevention by asking questions in person. The content of the questions shall be formulated by the assessment unit itself. 350
GB15992-1995
Appendix A
(Standard Appendix)
Main host animal density survey method
A1 The density survey of marmots adopts the fixed-point two-time visual methodA1.1 Implementation steps
A1.1.1 Set up several observation plots in different habitats. The size of the plot is based on the range that the observer can clearly observe with a telescope; the boundaries of the plot are defined according to the terrain and features (such as ridge lines, forest edges, boulders, valley streams, etc.). A1.1.2 The observation time is selected at the peak time of marmot activity outside the cave, that is, three hours after sunrise and three hours before sunset. Each observation is 1.5~~2h. In case of cloudy and rainy days, it will be postponed. A1.1.3 The observer should hide in a pre-selected corner with a wide field of vision that will not alert the marmot, and use a telescope to continuously patrol the location of the marmots in the plot and record the number of active otters outside the cave. The maximum number of otters observed on the ground during the two observations is the approximate number of otters in the sample plot. A1.1.4 After the observation, measure the area of the sample plot with a measuring rope. For convenience, only the length of the maximum horizontal axis and the maximum vertical axis of the sample plot is measured (m). The product of the two maximum axes is the sample plot area (hm\). A1.2 The density of marmots is calculated according to formula (A1):
Marmot density (individuals/hm\) The maximum number of otters observed during the two observations (individuals) Sample plot area (hm2)
A2 The density survey of yellow squirrels and long-clawed gerbils adopts the single-item one-day bow-type clamp method A2.1 Implementation steps
..+..( Al )
A2.1.1 Set up several sample plots in different habitats, each with an area of 1hm (100m×100m or 50m×200m). The edges of the sample plots should be clearly marked; the distance between sample plots should exceed 200m. A2.1.2 For plots with too many rat holes, in the evening when the activities of yellow rats and long-clawed gerbils outside the holes stop or weaken, all the holes in the plot can be blocked with soil or grass without omission. In the early morning of the next day, all the holes that have been stolen can be placed with No. 0 or No. 1 type traps to catch rats. If there are not many holes, mousetraps can be laid directly in the early morning without blocking the holes in advance. A2.1.3 After laying the traps, check the mousetraps every 2 hours and collect all the mousetraps in the evening. During the inspection process, remove the captured mice in time, and then lay the mousetraps again in the original holes to continue catching mice. If a new stolen hole is found, place mousetraps immediately. A2.2 The rat density is calculated according to formula (A2):
Rat density (individuals/hm2) =
Number of rats caught in one day (individuals)
Sample plot area (hm2)
A3 The density survey of yellow-breasted rats and other small rodents adopts the overnight trap (cage) method or the line trap method A3.1 Implementation steps
... (A2)
A3.1.1 For domestic rats, pedal traps or rat cages can be set along the wall roots and corners in the building in the evening, and the traps are collected in the morning of the next day, and the number of invalid traps (cages) and the number of captured rats and rat species are recorded. One cloth trap (cage) is set for each standard room (15m2) of residential houses; one cloth trap (cage) is set for every 15m2 of large public buildings such as factories and warehouses in places where rats often move. Note: Invalid trap cages refer to trap cages that are found to have fallen off the bait, empty hits, or lost during inspection. A3.1.2 For wild rats, pedal traps should be set every 5m in a straight line in different habitats in the evening. The traps should be removed in the morning of the next day, and the number of invalid traps, the number of rats captured and the species of rats should be recorded.
A3.1.3 The pedal traps used should be of uniform model and bait. A3.2 The rat density is calculated according to formula (A3):
B1 Implementation steps
GB15992--1995
Rat density (capture rate) (%)=:
Number of captured rats (rat)
Tongue×100
Number of cloth clips (cages)Number of invalid clips (cages)
Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Survey method for rat body egg index
*.....(A3)
B1.1Put the captured live rats into a rat bag, fold the bag mouth and tie it tightly to prevent fleas from escaping. Put the rat bag containing the live rats into a sealed box, anesthetize the rats with ether or chloroform or strangle them with rat forceps, and place them in a white pond porcelain basin. B1.2 Use hookless ophthalmic forceps or a soft brush to remove all fleas and other external parasites from the rat body and rat bag without leaking out, and place them in a flea tube for inspection.
Place the collected fleas directly under a low-power microscope for classification and identification of opaque specimens. B1.3
Calculation formula for rat flea index
Total flea index
Species flea index
Total number of fleas collected
Number of rats detected
Number of a certain flea species
Number of rats detected
Special guide camp, central camp, central state, central Ningzhong measurement center.....(Bl )
.·(B2)1For domestic rats, pedal mouse traps or mouse cages can be set up along the wall base and corners of the building in the evening. The traps should be collected the next morning, and the number of invalid traps (cages) and the number of rats and species captured should be recorded. One trap (cage) can be set up for each standard room (15m2) in residential buildings; one trap (cage) can be set up for every 15m2 in large public buildings such as factories and warehouses where rats often move. Note: Invalid trap cages refer to trap cages that are found to have lost bait, empty bait, or lost during inspection. A3.1.2For wild rats, pedal mouse traps should be set up in different habitats in the evening, every 5m in a straight line, and the traps should be collected the next morning. The number of invalid traps and the number of rats and species captured should be recorded.
A3.1.3 The pedal traps used should be of uniform model and bait. A3.2 The rat density is calculated according to formula (A3):
B1 Implementation steps
GB15992--1995
Rat density (capture rate) (%)=:
Number of captured rats (rat)
Tongue×100
Number of cloth clips (cages)Number of invalid clips (cages)
Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Survey method for rat body egg index
*.....(A3)
B1.1Put the captured live rats into a rat bag, fold the bag mouth and tie it tightly to prevent fleas from escaping. Put the rat bag containing the live rats into a sealed box, anesthetize the rats with ether or chloroform or strangle them with rat forceps, and place them in a white pond porcelain basin. B1.2 Use hookless ophthalmic forceps or a soft brush to remove all fleas and other external parasites from the rat body and rat bag without leaking out, and place them in a flea tube for inspection.
Place the collected fleas directly under a low-power microscope for classification and identification of opaque specimens. B1.3
Calculation formula for rat flea index
Total flea index
Species flea index
Total number of fleas collected
Number of rats detected
Number of a certain flea species
Number of rats detected
Special guide camp, central camp, central state, central Ningzhong measurement center.....(Bl )
.·(B2)1For domestic rats, pedal mouse traps or mouse cages can be set up along the wall base and corners of the building in the evening. The traps should be collected the next morning, and the number of invalid traps (cages) and the number of rats and species captured should be recorded. One trap (cage) can be set up for each standard room (15m2) in residential buildings; one trap (cage) can be set up for every 15m2 in large public buildings such as factories and warehouses where rats often move. Note: Invalid trap cages refer to trap cages that are found to have lost bait, empty bait, or lost during inspection. A3.1.2For wild rats, pedal mouse traps should be set up in different habitats in the evening, every 5m in a straight line, and the traps should be collected the next morning. The number of invalid traps and the number of rats and species captured should be recorded.
A3.1.3 The pedal traps used should be of uniform model and bait. A3.2 The rat density is calculated according to formula (A3):
B1 Implementation steps
GB15992--1995
Rat density (capture rate) (%)=:
Number of captured rats (rat)
Tongue×100
Number of cloth clips (cages)Number of invalid clips (cages)
Appendix B
(Standard Appendix)
Survey method for rat body egg index
*.....(A3)
B1.1Put the captured live rats into a rat bag, fold the bag mouth and tie it tightly to prevent fleas from escaping. Put the rat bag containing the live rats into a sealed box, anesthetize the rats with ether or chloroform or strangle them with rat forceps, and place them in a white pond porcelain basin. B1.2 Use hookless ophthalmic forceps or a soft brush to remove all fleas and other external parasites from the rat body and rat bag without leaking out, and place them in a flea tube for inspection.
Place the collected fleas directly under a low-power microscope for classification and identification of opaque specimens. B1.3
Calculation formula for rat flea index
Total flea index
Species flea index
Total number of fleas collected
Number of rats detected
Number of a certain flea species
Number of rats detected
Special guide camp, central camp, central state, central Ningzhong measurement center.....(Bl )
.·(B2)
Tip: This standard content only shows part of the intercepted content of the complete standard. If you need the complete standard, please go to the top to download the complete standard document for free.