This standard specifies the general principles of ergonomic design for monitoring workstations (hereinafter referred to as workstations) in control rooms. It includes the steps, layout principles, dimensions of the workstation, and the detailed design methods of the console. This standard applies to workstations in various control rooms (or dispatching rooms), as well as the design of sitting, standing, and sit-stand consoles. DL/T 575.8-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations DL/T575.8-1999 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the general principles of ergonomic design for monitoring workstations (hereinafter referred to as workstations) in control rooms. It includes the steps, layout principles, dimensions of the workstation, and the detailed design methods of the console. This standard applies to workstations in various control rooms (or dispatching rooms), as well as the design of sitting, standing, and sit-stand consoles.

DL/T 575. 8--.1999
This standard is compiled with reference to the contents related to workstation design in the research results of ergonomics standardization at home and abroad (see Appendix C). The data related to human body dimensions are determined in accordance with GB/T10000-1988 "Human Body Dimensions of Chinese Adults". This series of standards DL/T575 is titled "Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers" and includes 12 sub-standards: DL/T575.1 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions; DL/T575.2 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.3 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.4 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.5 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DI./T575.6 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers DL/T575.7 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers
DL/T 575.8
DL/T575.9Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 2: Field of view and division of visual area;
Part 3: Division of hand reach and operation area; Part 4: Dimensions of confined space
Part 5: Design principles of control center;
Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control center; Part 7: Layout of control room;
Part 8: Layout and size of workstations, Part 9: Displays, controllers and interactions; DI./T575.10Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 10: Principles of environmental requirements;
Part 11: Evaluation principles of control room; DL/T575.11Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center DL/T575.12Guidelines for ergonomic design of control center Part 12: Visual display terminal (VDT) workstation. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all prompt appendices. This standard was proposed by the former Ministry of Electric Power Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Electric Power Automation Research Institute of the State Electric Power Corporation. The main drafting units of this standard are the Electric Power Automation Research Institute of the State Electric Power Corporation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and China Institute of Standardization and Information Classification and Coding.
The main drafters of this standard are Tong Shizhong, Chen Yiran, Ma Changshan, Zhang Jinhua, Hua Donghong, and Liu Wei. 1298
1 Scope
Electric Power Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Guidelines for the ergonomic design of control centres
Part 8: Layout and dimensions of workstations
Ergonomic principles for the design of control centresPart 8: Workstation layout and dimensionsDL/T 575.8-- 1999
This standard specifies the general principles for the ergonomic design of monitoring workstations (hereinafter referred to as workstations) in control rooms. It includes the design steps, layout principles, dimensions of workstations, and detailed design methods of control consoles. This standard applies to the design of workstations in various control rooms (or dispatching rooms), as well as sitting, standing, and sitting-standing control consoles. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. DI./T575.1-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 1: Terms and definitions DL/T575.2-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 2: Field of view and division of visual area Part 3: Division of hand reach and operating area DL/T575.3-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers 3 DL/T 575.4-1999 #
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 4: Dimensions of confined spaces Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 5: Design principles of control centers DL/T 575. 5-1999 #
DI/T575.6-1999 Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 6: Principles of overall layout of control centers DL/T 575.7--1999E
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers
Part 7: Layout of control rooms
DL/T 575.9—1999
3 Definitions
Guidelines for ergonomic design of control centers Part 9: Displays, controls and interactions The definitions adopted in this standard are given in DL/T575.11999. 4 Factors determining the size of workstations
4.1 General method
The general method for designing control centers has been given in DL/T575.5. When designing workstations, human capabilities, physiological limits and psychological needs should be considered, and the design data of the workstation should meet the characteristics of the user group. The design of workstations should be based on job analysis, and the starting point of workstation design is to determine the work task list and the corresponding work area. The requirements for each job, its results and the corresponding work area are the input data for the detailed design of the workstation. In addition, the shape of the workstation is also affected by the characteristics of the input device, the method and frequency of use of the communication equipment and display, and the urgency of use. 4.2 Steps in workstation design
The workstation design should follow the following steps:
a) List the required workstations and the operating area of ​​each workstation in the control center, and include all the requirements of the conceptual design stage. For example, the number of users, visual requirements and communication with other workstations. b) List the tools (displays, controllers), communication equipment and other materials required for the workstation, as well as detailed descriptions of the relevant equipment, such as screen size, model and shape of input devices, etc. Starting point:
Renwu Ji Shuangye
DLT 575.5
Conceptual design
(Phase III)
+(You)
Operation station layout
Control center work area layout
DL/ T 575. 6
Work and work area
BEA BTS
Interaction design
DL card 575. 9
Figure 1 Relationship between the design phase and the various parts of DL/T575c) Determine the expected user group (ethnicity, male and female, disabled, etc.) and determine the required human body size data.
d) Determine the working posture (sitting, standing) requirements. ) Workstation layout design, i.e. the plan layout of the work area and equipment:
1) Start with a central operator position: 2) Give priority to visual work in the layout: f) Design gradient drawings of different positions of the workstation, using the operator's position to observe the main display, secondary display and other workspaces respectively.
g) Evaluate the design options for workstation layout and size. It is recommended to invite users to participate in reviewing the design options and selecting the best option. The evaluation should also consider the maintainability of the equipment, for example, accessibility to visual display terminals (VDTs), wiring/connectors and information processing equipment. 4.3 User Groups
In the control center, there should be at least one fixed seated workstation. This clause mainly involves workstations that include one or more visual display terminals (VDTs), communication tools and space for management and placement of documents. The size of the workstation depends on the human body size of the user group and other relevant data (such as field of view). Human body size data are usually given in percentile form. For example, the 95th percentile is used for the knee space under the work surface, which means that 95% of the user group has enough space to place their legs. The reach distance size should be the 5th percentile. The selection of human body size should take into account the type of user group. Male data is only applicable to control centers where there are no (or few) women workers. In the case of female workers, the human body size of both men and women should be considered. Note: The human body size data usually given are body measurements. However, some measurements are measurements of clothing (such as clothes, shoes, etc.) and some are not measurements of upright postures, but measurements of people in a natural state. Therefore, before using human body size data, you should pay attention to the source of the data. 4.4 General principles for the use of human body dimensions
General human body size requirements are as follows:
a) Use the percentiles in this standard.Appropriate data should be used for calculation; b) The size of the workstation should be able to accommodate 90% to 95% of the user group; c) If the facility is not adjustable, the human body size of a short person (such as the 5th percentile) should be used to determine the range of hand function, and the human body size of a tall person (such as the 95th percentile) should be used to determine the size of the knee space; d) If the facility is adjustable, its adjustment range should be between the 5th percentile and the 95th percentile, and its adjustment device should be easy to use;
e) When the human body size data is a nude measurement, the following corrections can be used: 1) Clothing correction: When sitting Add 6mm to sitting height, eye height, shoulder height, elbow height, add 10mm to chest thickness, and add 20mm to hip-knee distance; 2) Correction for wearing shoes: add 25mm to height, eye height, shoulder height, elbow height; 3) Correction for posture (natural relaxation): subtract 10mm from height and eye height when standing; subtract 44mm from sitting height and eye height when sitting 4.5 Working posture and related elements
4.5.1 Main human dimensions involved in sitting workstations a) Sitting elbow height (upper arm in vertical position); b) Sitting eye height;
c) Sitting thigh thickness;
d) Calf plus foot height (high);
e) Sitting hip-knee distance.
4.5.2 Main dimensions of seated workstations
DL/T 575. 8.-.. 999
The key dimensions of seated workstations involve the following aspects (as shown in Figure 2):
a) The vertical, horizontal and lateral clearances of the legs between the knees and feet under the work surface;
b) The height of the work surface is the same as or slightly lower than the elbow; c) The height of the seat;
d) The controls located within the normal hand function range (see Figure 4);
e) The relative relationship of the instruments and displays to the normal visual range of the seated operator (see 5.2).
4.5.3 Postures for seated operation
The seated operation has the following working postures, namely, leaning forward (accurate monitoring), upright (typing, operating controls), leaning back (monitoring) and relaxing (monitoring), see Table 1, Table 2 and Figure 3. Note: For the relationship between sitting posture and monitoring, please refer to A2.4 in DL/T575.2. 100
Factory workbench
--footrest
A—eye height; B—elbow height/working surface height; C--chest height; L), thigh space; E·upper knee space: F·foot activity space; G—working table thickness 1α—sight angle
Figure 2 Main dimensions of sitting workstation
Table 1 Types of activities and related working postures in the control room Type of activity
Monitoring instruments at the console
Monitoring vertical screen and simulation screen
Operating at the console Vertical controller
Operate the vertical screen controller
Record data on the console
Record data on the vertical screen with a writing board
Handle operation ticket
Adjust and control instruments
C. Lean back (main sitting posture)
Accurate monitoring,bzxZ.net
Operate controller
Typical working posture
Sitting, standing
Sitting, standing
Sitting, standing
Sitting, standing
Sitting, standing
Standing, kneeling, bending over
Table 2 Operator operations and work Posture
Angle of sight
Lean back, relax
Lean back, relax
Upright, lean forward
Upright, lean forward
Duration
Long (main posture)
Long (main posture)
Irregular...Short
Irregular-Irregular
Occasionally-short
Irregular
Shoulder joint above the edge of the console
20°±5°
Typing, operating the controller
Monitoring, talking with colleagues||tt| |30°±5°
15°-:5°
15°±5°
Short cycle allowed
Hand function reachable range: 610mm (5th percentile) Viewpoint above the edge of the table
Hand function reachable range: (610mm100mm) Viewpoint 150mm behind the edge of the table
Hand function reachable range: (610mm200mm) Viewpoint 300mm behind the edge of the table
Viewpoint lowered 30mm
Hand function reachable range
(5th percentile)
DL/T 575.8---1999
Limit X
- Shoulder joint center
Figure 3 Working posture, line of sight and hand functional reach 4.5.4 Work surface height
The appropriate work surface height is equivalent to elbow height, which depends on the sitting height (i.e., feet are placed on the floor or on the footrest). 4.5.4.1 Height-adjustable work surfaces are only used: a) if the user group has a large variability (i.e., male and female users; mixed users from different countries or regions; or operators change frequently, such as working in shifts every 8h~10h); b) if the work surface is frequently used for writing or typing (a cycle of more than 30min). 4.5.4.2 Fixed-height work surfaces should provide the following conditions: a) Sufficient knee space for the legs of tall users (95th percentile). b) Provide a suitable height-adjustable footrest for shorter users (5th percentile): 1) Minimum use surface: 450mm×350mm (width×depth); 2) Minimum height of the front is 50mm, and the height adjustment range should be no less than 110mm; 3) Minimum inclination angle is 5, and the inclination adjustment range should be no less than 15° c) As many users as possible can put their feet on the ground (not restricted by foot pads). This provision means that the thickness of the desktop is very small and should be 40mm or less (see Figure 6). d) For detailed requirements on the operator's chair, see Chapter 9 or Appendix C of DL/T575.12 [11]. The height of the chair should be adjustable.
e) Frequently used controls should be placed within the functional reach of the operator's hands when sitting upright. In engineering applications, it is usually within 500mm from the front edge of the console (see Figure 4). Controls that require fast and frequent operation should be placed in this area. f) The controller should not be set above the 5th percentile shoulder height. 309
Joint center
Good (horizontal) visual area: 30° (or ±35°) Hand function reach
Figure 4 Hand function reach and main visual area for seated operator g) Input devices (keyboard, other input devices, telephone) should preferably be able to move freely on the work surface in front of the monitor. 1302
4.6 Visual work
4.6.1 Eye height
DL/T 575.8 - 1999
Visual information display is the main function of the monitoring workstation. In the design of the workbench, the eye height of the reclined sitting position should be considered, which is the main working posture for monitoring work. In engineering applications, the "average eye height" is usually used. 4.6.2 Viewing distance
The accurate recognition of signs, etc. depends on the clarity of the signs (font and size, etc.) as well as the viewing angle and viewing distance. a) The viewing distance for the main display (VDT) and other displays should be greater than 500mm, because the eyes of users (especially elderly users) cannot adapt to smaller viewing distances.
b) The maximum permissible viewing distance for the selected display needs to be understood. For VDT, the viewing angle of the minimum height of the symbol is 15', and the reasonable range is 18°~~20°.
c) The maximum viewing distance for VDT can be quickly calculated using the formula: 1) For high-quality (e.g. 21\ display ≥ 1280×1024 pixels) visual display terminals, the maximum viewing distance = 250×character height: for general displays: 200×character height.
2) The character height is determined by the height of the smallest font of letters and numbers used on the screen. 4.6.3 Visual range
When performing monitoring work in a reclined sitting position, the line of sight is about 15° below the horizontal line (the natural line of sight in a reclined sitting position, see Figure A4). The main T working area (visual work) can be seen without moving the head. This visual range is located: within the vertical plane, within ±15° of the natural line of sight in a reclined sitting position (i.e., between the horizontal line and 30° below the horizontal line, which is a good visual area); in the horizontal plane, it is ±15° of the line of sight directly ahead (good visual area, and the monitoring flash signal light can use ±30 effective visual area).
4.6.4 Arrangement of displays
a) Frequently used displays (such as display screens used by operators) should be arranged within the optimal field of view (±15° of normal line of sight in vertical and horizontal directions).
b) Secondary displays should be arranged in the effective visual area (see DL/T575.2) (with the help of head rotation when necessary). Usually, in the horizontal plane, it is arranged within the range of ±80° of the front sight. Within this 160° range, when the operator looks forward, he can detect sudden changes in brightness or see the movement of something. In the vertical plane, the horizontal sight line ±45° range can be used in engineering. The information on the shared display screen (such as a vertical screen) behind the workstation should be visible. The upper limit of the display arrangement depends on the sight line of a short operator (5th percentile). When he is in the closest position to the display, the position of the display does not exceed 45° above the horizontal sight line. 5 Workstation size
5.1 Overview
The workstation layout design should be centered on the operator. 5.1.1 Prioritize monitoring operations:
a) Arrange the main VDT ​​(visual display terminal); b) Arrange important controllers (keyboards, input devices); c) Arrange other manual operation spaces (such as writing); d) Arrange maintenance points for controllers and displays; e) Arrange other instruments and devices, and the priority and frequency of use should be considered. 5.1.2 Design several cross-sectional views of the control console at different positions and directions: a) Observe the main display (facing the main controller and display); b) Observe the secondary display;
c) Face the frequently used communication device, and (or) face the occasional communication device, etc.; d) In the secondary work position, such as discussing issues with colleagues or doing management work. 5.1.3 The selection of controllers and display devices has a certain impact on the layout of the workstation. For the principles and requirements for selecting controllers and displays, see DL/T575.9. The following aspects should be considered:
a) For vertical screens with displays installed, additional visual requirements are required (see DIL/T575.7, shared display screens). b) Determine the number of VDTs (primary and secondary displays) on the workstation according to the needs of the visual task. Usually, considering the clarity, in a general recognition space, a row of up to 3 VDTs (21\ monitors, eye movements or head micro-movements) is configured: 4 5 VIDTs can be monitored by turning the head and body. If there are more than 3 monitors, it is best to arrange them in two rows (see 5.3). Regarding the number of monitors required, the worst case (e.g. abnormal process status) should be considered. c) Controllers: Consider the differences between work tasks, such as data (text, value, code) input and selection with a clicker. 1) Input devices should be durable, easy to replace, and have flexible cables. 2) The size of the input device is an important factor in the design of the workstation. For example, do not use a large keyboard because many keys are not used or the text/data input task is very rare (once per hour). 3) The use of a clicker allows the user to continuously view the display screen. 4) For frequently used controllers, it is recommended to use a mouse or tabletop trackball. This is suitable for users who use their left or right hands to operate. Screen contact devices, such as touch screens, are not suitable for frequent use, but they can be used as infrequently used devices, such as selecting a new image every half hour.
5) All displays used by an operator should be equipped with a shared clicker (it is not necessary to install a clicker on each display). A second input device is required to ensure effective use. 5.2 Sitting workstation
5.2.1 Control room operations are best performed in a sitting position, and the following two points should also be considered: a) The workstation design should be conducive to the random change of working posture. b) For the convenience of the operator, in some monitoring operations, the operator should be able to stand in front of the console. 5.2.2 The definition range of the display can be estimated approximately according to the following requirements (see Figure 5): characters
approximate triangle
recognition area
under the minimum viewing angle (15'), the recognition space size of the general display with a curved screen
baseline
screen diagonal
individual characters
all symbols share the same screen Amax
37cm51cm
117cm/160cm
97cm/133cm
The area within the definition range is called the recognition space, [i.e. the shaded area in Figure (a) and Figure (b) - the recognition area. When the observer's eyes are within the recognition space range, clear characters can be obtained. 2 In the figure, \max\ means maximum, and "min\ means minimum, the same below. Figure 5—The clarity range of a VDT
(a) Vertical recognition area, (b) Horizontal recognition area (b)
Symbol v-vertical range; symbol h-horizontal range; G-bottom edge of recognition area, mm; screen height, mm; B-screen width, mm; R-screen curvature radius, mm; Amx-maximum viewing distance for vertically observing a symbol, mm, A3438h symbol height, mm; Amx-\maximum viewing distance when all symbols share the same screen; 0mis--angle of view, 15; Amiu minimum viewing distance α5001mma) The minimum viewing distance is recommended to be 500mm;
DL/T 575.8---1999
b) In engineering applications, VDT should be considered to use a flat display screen; c) First check the maximum viewing distance, which can be calculated as follows: (200~250)×character height. For example, the maximum viewing distance for a 4mm character height is 800 mm to 1 000 mm.
5.2.3 Sufficient space should be provided for all operations, including writing work (such as filling in work logs, shift reports, and production process documentation).
5.2.4 The display should be placed on the table. In practical applications, it is allowed to design the display screen as embedded, but it should comply with ergonomic principles. 5.2.5 When designing a workstation, the following should be considered: access requirements for maintenance, space utilization, and reasonable layout of cables. The VDT, input devices, and communication equipment on the table should be easy to access, repair, and replace. For embedded devices, the following should be considered: easy disassembly and some space should be left around the device. In particular, the accessibility of information processors and electronic devices installed in the workstation should be considered. 5.2.6 The safety and stability of the workstation should be considered (such as the risk of sudden damage to the work surface or excessive heat). 5.2.7 The workstation should be adjustable so that the operator can maintain a good working posture. In the case where the height of the workbench cannot be adjusted, special attention should be paid to the vertical position of the VDT. The main considerations are: a) eye height;
b) viewing distance;
c) line of sight, visual field and recognition space.
5.2.82 It is recommended that the viewing distance be 750mm~1000mm21 display, 4 mm character height).
A typical cross-section of a VDT workstation with a fixed working height is shown in Figure 6.
5.3 Layout of the workbench
5.3.1 Layout of the monitor
The monitor should be located directly in front of the operator. Its screen should be at the same height limit as the taller (e.g. 95th percentile for men) and shorter (e.g. 5th percentile for women) operators in a reclining sitting position
+40max
460min
(50th percentile)
table height!
650min
Figure 6 Cross-section of VDT workstation
The sight lines are perpendicular. The sight lines of taller operators should fall on the upper part of the VDT, and they can still be in good visual conditions when they are in an upright sitting position, as shown in Figure 7.
5.3.2 Arrangement of two displays
If two displays are required to be used at the same time, the application requirements of the VDT must be clarified. There are two ways to arrange two VDTs: arrange in a row or arrange underground.
5.3.2.1 Arrange in a row
The primary display should be arranged directly in front of the operator; the secondary display (such as a communication display) is usually arranged on the right hand, as shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 Two monitors arranged in a row
Arrangement of a monitor
Note: If the tilt is greater than 30°, glare may occur. 1305
DL/T 575. 8.1999
Note: It is not advisable to arrange the two monitors symmetrically to the operator: the operator will face the space between the two monitors and need to move his eyes and head to observe: When using CRT, the 30° range of the operator's line of sight in front of him is the maximum perception range of the signal presentation. 5.3.2.2 Up and down arrangement plan A [see Figure 9 (a)] The monitor used as an input device should be placed at the bottom. The distance from the front edge of the workbench to the monitor should allow the operator to rest his elbow on the table to operate (typical size: 300) mm). The tilt of the monitor screen: an elevation angle of 25°~30° from the vertical plane. 5.3.2.3 Up and down arrangement plan B [see Figure 9 (b)] The monitor used for general observation of information is placed at the top. The following displays are arranged in a manner that alternates with a workbench with one display (see 5.3.1): The upper display is placed on top of the lower display, and its screen can be vertical or have a small inclination to the operator (typical value 0°10.
Both VDI installation methods can obtain the largest universal recognition space. 5.3.3 Arrangement of three displays
If the job requires the use of three displays, they can be arranged in a row, with the main display placed directly in front of the operator and the other two on the left and right. If arranged in an arc, the universal recognition space is large enough for operators with unstable working postures, as shown in Figure 10.
5.3.4 Arrangement of more than one display
Considering the recognition space, 19\ The monitors of ~21\ are arranged in two rows of 2×3. This arrangement is suitable for the characteristics of the cab, but not for the control room.
A better arrangement is to place three monitors in one row and another monitor in the upper row (Scheme A: in front; Scheme B: on the right). If the monitors on the side are rarely used, four or five monitors can also be arranged in a row. (a)
(a) Scheme A; (b) Scheme B
Figure 9 Two monitors arranged up and down
(a) Scheme A: (h) Scheme B
Figure 10 Arrangement of two monitors
5.4 Other types of working areas of workstations
DL/T 575.8---1999
5.4.1 In many cases, a workbench must include work areas such as transaction processing, document preparation and personal communication. That is, the work surface can be used for writing, monitoring and drinking beverages during breaks.
5.4.2 Some workstations can use small personal computer systems, VDTs or CCTV (closed-circuit television) systems (typical VDT size is 15\), and the position of the small screen should be determined according to the field of view requirements. The typical shape of this workstation is shown in Figure 11. The back of the workbench is generally higher than the normal working surface.
5.4.3 If the control center needs to manage people in and out, a separate work area should be set up near the entrance. Sitting position
(50th percentile)
450min!
Table height!
Small VDT workbench
A1 Overview
A1.1 Function and configuration of the control room
DL/T 575.8--1999
Appendix A
(Suggested Appendix)
Control console design
The basic function of the control room is to monitor and control the production process. The control room is equipped with information receiving devices, control devices and communication equipment for contacting other staff in the system. The typical control room workspace includes: sitting control console; standing screen; screen display: necessary working space and space reserved for maintenance and service operations. The main work tasks in the control room are: monitoring the display installed on the control console and screen; operating the controller installed on the control console and screen; recording the data displayed on the control console and screen; maintenance and other auxiliary activities related to completing the work tasks. Before designing the control room and control console, all necessary operations should be estimated and fully considered.
Note: The design principles of the control console in this appendix refer to the German standard DIN33414-1 (1985). In order to be applicable to my country's actual situation, the relevant dimensions have been converted into the corresponding Chinese human dimensions according to GB/T10000--1988. A1.2 Types of consoles
Figure A1 Basic structure of consoles
---Console without front instrument panel;
Console with low front instrument panel·
---Console with middle front instrument panel;
-·-Console with segmented high front instrument panel The basic structure of a console mainly consists of three parts: console body; table top; structure on the table. The console body is the basic support member, the table top is the main working surface, and the structure on the table is mainly the front instrument panel. A1.2.1 According to the characteristics of the structure on the table, the console can be divided into four categories (see Figure A1): a) console without front instrument panel;
b) console with low front instrument panel;
) console with middle front instrument panel;
d) console with segmented high front instrument panel. A1.2.2 According to the characteristics of the table structure, the control console can be divided into three categories (see Figure A3): a) Thin table (control console): The table is not equipped with display and control components, and a keyboard can be placed on the table, as shown in Figure A2 (a).
b) Thick table (control console): Display and control components can be installed on the table, as shown in Figure A2 (b). The table can be horizontal or tilted forward, and drawers can also be installed in the table. c) Front additional table: refers to the table attached to the screen or cabinet structure, and the table is used to install display and control components, as shown in Figure A2 (c). (c)
(a) Thin tabletop; (b) Thick tabletop, (c) Front additional tabletop Figure A2 Tabletop structure type
A1.2.3 According to the degree of automation, control consoles can be divided into two categories: a) Fully automated (or semi-automated) process control: The main task of the operator in the control room is monitoring, and the controller is rarely used; b) Manual process control: The operator in the control room needs to continuously monitor and operate the controller. 1308
A2 Ergonomic design principles for control consoles
A2.1 Basic requirements for ergonomic design of control consoles DL/T 575- 81999
The basic requirements for ergonomic design of control consoles and related equipment (such as screen displays, screens, etc.) are as follows: a) Structural comfort: The console must be designed according to the human body size, and the size of each design parameter must be within the acceptable range of the 5th percentile (Ps) to the 95th percentile (Pgs) of the user group. b) Visibility of displayed information: The location of the display device should take into account the human visual geometric parameters (line of sight, field of view), observation range, viewing distance, observation angle and incident angle, etc., to ensure that people can accurately identify the displayed information. c) Operability of control elements: Control elements should be set within the reach of human hand functions. d) Sufficient working space: The layout of the console itself and related equipment, as well as the design of workspace and channels, should leave enough margin for human activities. The table of the console should leave a horizontal surface for placing documents or writing. A2.2 Composition of the structural dimensions of the console
The structural dimensions of the console are composed of three parts: a) Dimensions related to the human body;
b) Dimensions related to product functions;
c) Dimensions related to appearance (modeling)
This standard is to determine the dimensions of the console related to the human body. A2.3 Percentiles of human body dimensions and their application principles When measuring human body dimensions of a group of people, the frequency distribution state of people of various body shapes is expressed by percentiles. GB10000 provides the 1st, 5th, 10th, 50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th percentile human dimensions for men and women of different age groups. In console design, the 5th percentile (P,) and 95th percentile (Pg5) of the age group of men aged 18 to 60 (women aged 18 to 55) are mainly used, which can adapt to 90% to 95% of the user group.
A2.3.1 Height level
Analyzing the human body dimension measurements specified in GB10000, it can be found that tall women are similar in height to medium-sized men, while short men are similar in height to medium-sized women. Therefore, the height of men and women can be divided into four levels, see Table A1. Four height grade templates and their height size tablesAl
Height grade
Short women
Medium women
Short men
Tall women
Medium men
Tall men
Percentile
Women's P:
Women's Pso
Men's P,
Women's Pes
Men's Pso
Men's P9s
5% of women are below this percentile Percentile height
50% of women are below or above this percentile height5% of men are below this percentile height
5% of women are above this percentile height
50% of men are below or above this percentile height5% of men are above this percentile height
For each height dimension of the template, 25mm heel height is added to the height dimension in GB100001
2For the dimensions of each part of the four height level templates, please refer to Appendix C [14]. A2.3.2 Principles of percentile application
Principles for determining relevant physical structures and space dimensions according to human body dimensions: Body
a) Inclusive space dimensions, according to the 95th percentile (Pa): Inclusive space refers to the space centered on the human body and containing the human body (or part of it).2 Principles of using percentiles
Principles for determining the dimensions of related physical structures and spaces according to human body dimensions:
a) Inclusive space dimensions, according to the 95th percentile (Pa): Inclusive space refers to the space centered on a person and containing the human body (or a part of it).
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