This standard specifies the basic ergonomic terms for vision, display, signal perception, control, and the related environment of visual information operations. This standard applies to the scope of signals, displays and controls in the process of visual information operations. GB/T 12984-1991 Ergonomics Basic Terms for Visual Information Operations GB/T12984-1991 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the basic ergonomic terms for vision, display, signal perception, control, and the related environment of visual information operations. This standard applies to the scope of signals, displays and controls in the process of visual information operations.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Basic Terminology for Ergonomics-Besle tcrms for visual information processing1 Subject content and scope of application
GB/T12984-91
This standard specifies Basic terms of ergonomics such as vision, display, signal perception, control, and the environment related to visual information operations. This standard is applicable to the scope of signals, display and control in the visual information operation process. 2 Reference standard
GB2312
Basic set of Chinese character encoding character set for information exchange GB 5697 Human I-effect lighting terminology | |tt | Process: Synonyms: adjustment
3.2 Adaptatfon
The process of adjusting the brightness or forehead color of the moon mark in the sight or the most complete state of this process. 3.3 Visual acuity visualacuity
The ability to distinguish adjacent moon marks or moon mark details. It can be expressed by the reciprocal of the angle (arc minutes) between two lines and two points that can be distinguished by the eye.
Synonym: Shi Rui
3.4 ​​brightness Jightncss
The eye's perception of the brightness of an object. It is one of the three attributes of color. 3.5 Hue hue
Radiation of different wavelengths in the visible spectrum is visually expanded to appear as red, yellow, green, blue, purple and other colors, which is the distinguishing characteristic of color phases. It is one of the properties of color.
Synonyms of hue
3.6 saturation saturatian
The depth of color presented by colored light. That is, the amount of white light component contained in colored light. The less light, the purer the color, The higher the harmony. It is one of the three properties of color. | |tt | 3.7.1 Brightness contrast luminancecontrast National Technical Supervision Bureau 19 91- 0 6 - 0 8 approved 1992-03-01 implementation
GB/T12984-91
The brightness difference between the visual field standard and the background and the background (or H mark) brightness ratio. That is:
C= (Imnx...Imin)/Imin
where: is the maximum value of the background brightness in the national standard domain: Tm- is the minimum value of the monthly standard or background intensity. The text can be expressed as:
brightness modulation value
contrast
M =(mu, --Tmn)/(Lmm+Imn)=(C,-1)/(c, +1)C, - Ir na / mu
3. 7.2 Lightness contrast lightncss contrast is a visual evaluation of the difference in brightness between the target and the background in the field. For colored objects, it indicates degree of separation.
Colourcontrast
A subjective assessment of the color difference between two targets or two parts of a target that appear simultaneously or successively in the field of view. Color contrast includes tone contrast, brightness contrast, saturation contrast, etc., 3.7. 41
Post-temporal contrast simultaneeuscontrast refers to the color or completeness of two marks or two parts of a mark that appear at the same time. contrast. 3. 7. 5 Successive contrast succcssivc contrast is a comparison of the color or brightness of two signs or two parts of a sign that are presented one after another. 3.8 (Light) reflection relectian
The phenomenon of light being refracted back by the surface.
3.9 Glare
When the brightness of part of the visual field is too bright compared to the total ambient brightness, or when the distribution of millidegrees in the visual field is inappropriate, it causes visual discomfort or damage.
3. 9. 1 Direct abdominal light dircct glarc
Glare caused by high brightness in the field or light sources that are not adequately shielded. 3.9.2 Reflected light reflected glare
The glare produced by the mirror reflection of the glossy surface in the field of view. 3. 9. 3 Discomfort glare: glare that causes visual discomfort but does not cause visual impairment. 3. 9. 4
disabilityglaredisabilityglare
glare that causes reduced visual ability.
Flicker
The visual impression caused by pulsations of brightness or color with frequencies ranging from a few Hz to fusion frequencies. Frequency effect stobaspopic ffcet
When an object is illuminated by periodically changing light from a photoelastic bomb, the object appears to be immobile or moving. 3. 12 visual fields
Under the current conditions of the head and eyes, all spatial ranges within the horizontal and vertical planes that the human eye can detect. Synonyms: field of view
3. 12. 1 Fiell of vigior When the head and eyes are still, all the air and sound in the water surface and vertical plane that can be detected by the human eye The scope can be divided into monocular and binocular visual fields, please refer to the appendix reference conditions). 3. 12. 2 The field of vision of the eye movement is maintained in the normal position. When the eyes move for the target, the horizontal and vertical planes that can be observed smoothly GB/T 12 9 8 4 — 91
Some space range. It can be divided into monocular and binocular eye movement fields, refer to D2 in Appendix D (reference part). 3.12.3 field of view
When the body is kept in a fixed position and the head and eyes are turned to look at the target, all the spatial ranges within the horizontal, vertical and horizontal planes can be observed smoothly. . It can be divided into single-eye and double-server observation fields. Please refer to Article D3 in Appendix D (Reference Parts). 3.13 The line between the sharpest focus point in the center of slght
eye macula center) and the fixation point. 3. 13. 1 horizontal line of sight horizontal line of sight: the line of sight when the head is kept vertical and the eyes are level (see Figure 1a). 3.13.2 InG of sight related to the head Tclated thc hcad The head remains in a relaxed state, that is, the head axis is tilted forward about 10° to 15° relative to the vertical line, but the eyes are in a tense state, that is, the whistle axis is in contact with the head The light angle between the two parts is 90°. The line of sight is about 10° to 15° below the horizontal line of sight (see Figure 1b). Note: The aviation industry usually calls this "normal line of sight". 3. 13. 3 Normal line of sight The head and both eyes are in a relaxed state, and the angle between the head and the eye axis is about 105°~110° The line of sight is about 25°~35° below the water line of sight (see Figure 1c). 4 Display term
4.1 resolution
can be displayed in the image (character). The smallest details (parts) of identification. 4.2 Legibility
The visual ability to quickly and accurately identify the shape of images (characters). 4.3 Readability
The attribute that reflects the essence of text. . To make it easier to read, letters or characters can be combined into words or phrases, idioms, etc. with specific meanings, or visual symbols can be used.
4.4 viewing distance
The distance or distance range between the operator's eyes. Within this range, the display edge can meet the requirements of letter size, resolution, spatial stability and instantaneous stability and be clearly recognized. 4.5 Observation angle
viewingangle
GB/T 12984—91
Water dry city
horizontal vertical line
line of sight with the head
water half view||tt ||Normal line
The maximum opening angle of the image (character) that can be continuously recognized is 4.6 angle of incidencc
The line of sight and the surface of the display. The angle between the normals (see Figure 2) image polarity
The light and dark ratio of the image and the background. The bright image on the dark background is negative polarity (reverse display); on the bright background ,The dark image on the display is positive polarity (positive display).
4. Display luminance Display luminance refers to the average brightness of the display, that is, the average brightness emitted or reflected by the following points on the display. 4.9 Luminance balance GB/T 12984:91
Figure 2 shows the ratio of the brightness of the displayed image to the brightness of the surrounding or adjacent observation surface. The ratio should be kept within the specified range. 4.10 Non-linearity
The apparent appearance of a line or continuous row or column is a curve or discontinuous row or column. 4.1 Orthogonality
In geometry, rows and columns are parallel to each other and perpendicular to each other. 4.12 Luminance, uniformity Juninan: non-unifurmity The measurable brightness difference within or between image areas on the screen. 4.13 Symbol non-uniformity non-uniformitsy A measure of the variability of the shape and size of specific characters displayed at different locations on the screen. 4.14 Luminance coding Luminance toding The difference in brightness between images as a means of conveying information to the operator. 4.15 Blinking coding Blinking The alternation of brightness of an image or part of an image as a means of conveying information to the operator. 4.16 Colour coding Colour coding The visual components of an image represented by hue, saturation and brightness as a means of conveying information to the operator. 4.17 Temporal instability The visual perception of the instantaneous changes in brightness of a luminous image when it is updated on the screen. 4.18 Spatial instability instability-jitter The visual sense of the geometric position change of the image element
4.19 Character lattice specification characterTormat The number of dots that make up a single character. 4.20 "([) high) wotd(characler)heighl The height of a character (thickness) at a given viewing distance
4.21 Stroke width
The distance between the two edges of a character (character).
The angle of deviation in arc minutes for unaccented capital letters. 4.22 Word (charaicter) heighti-to-with ratio ratio () The ratio of the height from the upper edge to the lower edge to the width of the character (character) at its widest point. GB/F 12984
4.23 (Character) spacing between-word (character) spacing The distance between adjacent characters in the same direction. 4.24 Line spacing The distance between two adjacent lines of letters in the vertical direction. 5 Signal perception terms
5.1 Signal
Information associated with the change in the operating status of the working system perceived by the operator at his or her work station (machine, equipment, control station, control console and monitoring station, etc.).
5.1.1 Direct signal Information sent during the operation of the operating system and directly perceived by the operator. 5.1.2 Codcd signal
1 Indirect information such as color, position, brightness, etc. that can be perceived by the operator through a special indicator during the operation of the system.
5.2 Signal reception The spatial range in which people can recognize the signal and respond. 5-3 Proprioceptive sensitivity: sensitivity 5.4:
The sensitivity of the human body's internal receptors to the changes in muscles, organs, ligaments, etc., perception
The process of the human body's perception, transmission and processing of signals to form the perception, identification and interpretation of body cognition. 5.5.1 Detection
If the existence of the signal is found
5. 5. 2 Identification
The operator identifies the detected signal.
5.5.3 Interpretation
The operator understands the meaning of the identified signal. 6 Control terms
6.1 Key
Contact with or without an identifier that, when pressed or touched, produces an image (symbol) or inputs a specific function. 6.1.1 Key spacing
The distance between the center lines of two adjacent keys in the horizontal or vertical direction. E.1.2 Key travel
The distance a key moves vertically.
Keyboard
A device consisting of a group of keys arranged in a row. B6.2-1 Keyboard type The shape of the keyboard surface, which can be flat, stepped, concave, etc. 6.2.2 Keyboard stability The keyboard does not slide or wobble during key operation. 6.2.3 Keyboard slopeGB/T12984
No matter what the type of surface, the keyboard slope is the real angle between the extension of the inverse line of the midpoint of the center line of the two center lines of row B and D on the keyboard and the horizontal plane (see Figure 3a and Figure 3b).
Keyboard heightkybxxard height
The vertical distance from the working surface to the center of the top of the key row C. Adjustable keys should be at the minimum inclination (see Figure 3c).
6.3 itkeystroke
The operation of a single key on the keyboard.
6.4keyforce
The force required to strike a key.
6.5keyfeeciback
Keyboard height
The feedback signal during keystroke, including tactile, auditory or both. 6.6 Data entry The process of inputting information into a computer in a certain way. 6.7 Data inquiry The process of obtaining information from a computer. 6.8 Text processing Refers to text input, editing, proofreading, etc. GE/T 12984-91 6.9 Visual display terminal (VDT) The general term for visual displays, printers, plotters and input devices (such as keyboards, mice, tablets, photoelectric pens, etc.) that display information. 6.10 Sitting position The posture formed by the degree of inclination of the torso and the size of the hip angle when a person sits in a seat (see Figure 4). 6.10.1 Normal sitting posture The torso is straight and the hip angle is 85~90°. 6.10.2 Tearward sitting position The lower back is tilted backward, and the hip angle is 100-10°. 6.10.3 Forward sitting position The lower back is tilted forward, and the hip angle is less than 85°.
Figure 1 Reference values ​​for sitting posture
6.11 Hand reach
When the human body is in a different posture, the hand can touch the three-dimensional surface. 6-11.1 Maximum hand reach The three-dimensional surface formed by all points that the middle finger can touch in different postures. The postures can be: the most stretched posture of the human body when standing; the maximum stretched posture of the human body when standing; the two arms are against the wall; the arms are stretched to the maximum. 6.11.2 Hand control range The range of operation within the three-dimensional surface arranged by the reach controller. The size of this surface depends on the following factors: a.
Size of the controller;
GB/T 12984— 91
The form of grip required to operate the controller,
The direction of operating the controller;
The displacement of the controller:
The operating force of the controller.
7 Terms related to the environment of visual information work7.1Work system
Work system
The complex of man, machine and environment that interact in the process of completing the work task. 7.2Work space
In the work system, it is the space allocated to an individual or multiple individuals before completing the work task. 7.3Work plane
The actual plane where people work,
7.4Refer to work planeThe horizontal plane assumed to calculate the average illumination when designing. Unless otherwise specified, the reference working surface for indoor lighting is generally set at 0.75 m from the ground. General lighting is lighting designed to illuminate the entire site without considering special local needs. 7.6 Partitioning - lacalized gencral lighting is lighting that increases the illumination of specific areas as needed. 7.7 Local lighting is lighting designed to meet the special needs of certain parts (usually limited to a small range, such as work surfaces). Sensitivity
Coded signal
Uncomfortable glare
Stroke width
Saturation
Reference working surface
(Light) radiation
Non-linearity
Partition·General lighting
Reflected glare
Resolution
Observation angle·
Observation angle
Working space…
Working system
Observation distance
Line spacing
Backward tilt·
Low chain force
Key distance
GB/T 1298491
Appendix A
Chinese Pinyin Index
(Supplement)
Keyboard Height
Keyboard Stability
Key Travel
Local Illumination
Keystroke Feedback
Keyboard Tilt
Chain Plate Profile
Spatial Instability (Although Dynamic)
Completeness Coding
Completeness Contrast
Completeness Unevenness
Brightness Balance
Brightness Contrast
Stroboscopic Effect
Forward Leaning
Distinctiveness
Angle of Incidence||tt ||Flash coding…
Orange
Hand reach
Maximum hand reach.
Data assistance
Momentary instability (flicker recovery)
Sharp energy glare
Visual display terminal
Hand control range…
Data query
Horizontal line of sight·
Image polarity
Simultaneous contrast
External sensitivity
Text processingWww.bzxZ.net
Display brightness
accommodation
adaptatiun
angle of ncidence
between linespacing
bctwccn-word(character)spacingGB/T 12984 -- 91
. i. 6
Successive comparison
Signal receiving area
Color coding
Dynamic field of vision·
Line of sight in harmony with the head
Color contrast
General lighting
Normal line of sight·
Upright sitting posture
Direct signal
Character unevenness
Character () aspect ratio·
Character dot matrix specifications
Direct field of vision-
Direct glare
Character (letter) height·
Character () barrier
Appendix B
English alphabet index
(supplement)
blinking coding
character format
coded signal
colaur coding
colaur contrast
contrast
data cntry
data inguiry
detection
direct field uf visjan
direct glare
direct signal
distbility glare
display luminance
exletoceptive sensitivity
field of view||t t||tield of vision
flicker
Forward sitting piltion
general lighting
hand control reach
hand reach t..
horizontal linc of sight
identification
image polarity
interpretation
GB/T 12984
Data assistance
Momentary instability (flicker recovery)
Sharp energy glare
Visual display terminal
Range of hand control…
Data query
Horizontal line of sight·
Image polarity
Simultaneous contrast
External sensitivity
Text processing
Display brightness
accommodation
adaptatiun
angle of ncidence
between linespacing
bctwccn-word(character)spacingGB/T 12984 -- 91
. i. 6
Successive comparison
Signal receiving area
Color coding
Dynamic field of vision·
Line of sight in harmony with the head
Color contrast
General lighting
Normal line of sight·
Upright sitting posture
Direct signal
Character unevenness
Character () aspect ratio·
Character dot matrix specifications
Direct field of vision-
Direct glare
Character (letter) height·
Character () barrier
Appendix B
English alphabet index
(supplement)
blinking coding
character format
coded signal
colaur coding
colaur contrast
contrast
data cntry
data inguiry
detection
direct field uf visjan
direct glare
direct signal
distbility glare
display luminance
exletoceptive sensitivity
field of view||t t||tield of vision
flicker
Forward sitting piltion
general lighting
hand control reach
hand reach t..
horizontal linc of sight
identification
image polarity
interpretation
GB/T 12984
Data assistance
Momentary instability (flicker recovery)
Sharp energy glare
Visual display terminal
Range of hand control…
Data query
Horizontal line of sight·
Image polarity
Simultaneous contrast
External sensitivity
Text processing
Display brightness
accommodation
adaptatiun
angle of ncidence
between linespacing
bctwccn-word(character)spacingGB/T 12984 -- 91
. i. 6
Successive comparison
Signal receiving area
Color coding
Dynamic field of vision·
Line of sight in harmony with the head
Color contrast
General lighting
Normal line of sight·
Upright sitting posture
Direct signal
Character unevenness
Character () aspect ratio·
Character dot matrix specifications
Direct field of vision-
Direct glare
Character (letter) height·
Character () barrier
Appendix B
English alphabet index
(supplement)
blinking coding
character format
coded signal
colaur coding
colaur contrast
contrast
data cntry
data inguiry
detection
direct field uf visjan
direct glare
direct signal
distbility glare
display luminance
exletoceptive sensitivity
field of view||t t||tield of vision
flicker
Forward sitting piltion
general lighting
hand control reach
hand reach t..
horizontal linc of sight
identification
image polarity
interpretation
GB/T 12984
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