This standard specifies the safety technical requirements for bridge grab ship unloaders in terms of design, manufacturing, installation testing, use maintenance, inspection and repair. This standard applies to ship unloaders used for bulk cargo unloading operations such as coal, ore, and sand at ports. Similar ship unloaders used in raw material terminals of power plants and steel plants can also be used as a reference. GB 18224-2000 Safety regulations for bridge grab ship unloaders GB18224-2000 standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

GB18224—2000
This standard refers to BS7121:1989 "Practical Code for Safe Use of Cranes" and European Handling Engineering Association standard FEMSect.1:1987 "Design Code for Lifting Machinery", and stipulates relevant technical content and data, which is conducive to the use safety of bridge grab ship unloaders in line with international standards and foreign advanced standards. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Communications of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Water Transport Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications. The drafting units of this standard are: Water Transport Research Institute of the Ministry of Communications, Shanghai Port Machinery Manufacturing Plant, Guangzhou Port Authority, Ningbo Port Authority. The main drafters of this standard are: Lu Fanxuan, Fan Cuiyu, Qi Zaiqiang, Mo Xiaoming, Song Yanjun, and He Chuanzhong. 330
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety code for the bridge type grab ship unloader
Safety code for the bridge type grab ship unloader GB 18224—2000
This standard specifies the safety technical requirements for the design, manufacture, installation test, use maintenance, inspection and repair of the bridge type grab ship unloader (hereinafter referred to as the ship unloader).
This standard is applicable to the ship unloaders used for unloading bulk cargo such as coal, ore and sand at ports. Similar ship unloaders used in raw material terminals of power plants and steel plants can also be used for reference.
2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and the parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T699—1999 High-quality carbon structural steel
3 Basic forms and dimensions of weld grooves for gas welding, manual arc welding and gas shielded welding GB/T 985—1988
GB/T986—1988 Basic forms and dimensions of weld grooves for submerged arc welding GB/T1228—1991 High-strength large hexagonal bolts for steel structures (neqISO7412:1984) GB/T 1229—1991
High-strength large hexagonal nuts for steel structures (neqISO4775:1984) 1 High-strength washers for steel structures (neqISO7416:1984) GB/T 1230—1991
GB/T 1231—1991
Technical conditions for high-strength large hexagonal bolts, large hexagonal nuts and washers for steel structures 3 Specification for crane design (negISO4301:1980) GB/T 3811—1983
GB4053.14053.2—1993 Safety technical conditions for fixed steel straight and inclined ladders GB 4053. 3—1993
GB/T 5117—1995
GB/T 5118-1995
GB/T 5905---1986
Safety technical conditions for fixed industrial protective railings Carbon steel welding rods
Low alloy steel welding rods
Crane test specifications and procedures (idtISO4310:1981) GB/T 5972--1986
GB/T 6067—1985
GB/T 8110—1995
GB/T 8918—1996
Practical specification for inspection and scrapping of steel wire ropes for lifting machinery (eqvISO4309:1981)Safety regulations for lifting machinery
Carbon steel and low alloy steel wire ropes for gas shielded arc welding (eqvISO2408:1985)
GB/T12469—1990
GB/T14957-—1994
GB/T 17495—1998
GB 50150—1991
GB 50254—1996
Welding quality assurance Requirements and defect classification of steel fusion welding joints Steel wire for fusion welding
Technical conditions for port gantry cranes
Electrical installation engineering Acceptance test of electrical equipment Specification for low-voltage electrical equipment construction and acceptance of electrical installation engineering Specification for high-voltage electrical equipment construction and acceptance GB J147--1990
JT/T 295—1995
Technical specification for repair of quayside container cranes Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on October 17, 2000 and implemented on July 1, 2001
GB 18224--2000
JT5022--1986 Technical conditions for rail installation of port cranes JTJ244--1995 Standard for quality inspection and assessment of port equipment installation projects 3 Basic requirements
3.1 The design and manufacture of ship unloaders must comply with the requirements of GB/T3811 and GB/T6067. 3.2 Ship unloaders should be constructed according to the drawings and relevant technical documents approved by the prescribed procedures. 3.3 Product signs (name of manufacturer, year of manufacture, and sign of rated lifting capacity) should be set up in a conspicuous position of the ship unloader. 3.4 After the ship unloader leaves the factory, the user should establish an equipment file. The file content includes: a) Statistics on equipment use (operating time, loading and unloading volume); b) Statistics on equipment maintenance (maintenance content, time and inspection and handover records); c) Equipment failure, accident data and processing records; d) Inspection, technical transformation and change records of various parts. 4 Main Components
4.1 Wire Rope
4.1.1 The wire rope for ship unloader shall comply with the design requirements and the provisions of GB/T8918, and must have a product inspection certificate. 4.1.2 The inspection and scrapping of wire ropes must comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T5972. 4.1.3 The safety factor of wire ropes for lifting, closing, trolley traction, pitching and other mechanisms shall comply with the provisions of GB/T3811. The pitching mechanism shall be equipped with a wire rope force balancing device. 4.1.4
The fixing and connection of the wire rope ends shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067. 4.1.5
4.2 Drum
When cracks appear on the drum or the drum wall thickness wears to 20% of the design thickness, it must be replaced. 4.2.1
4.2.2 After the wire rope on the drum is released to the maximum working length, in addition to the number of turns of the fixed wire rope, there should be no less than 3 turns of wire rope safety turns.
4.2.3 The ratio of the drum diameter to the wire rope diameter: the lifting, closing, trolley traction, pitching and other mechanisms should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067.
4.2.4 A device to prevent the wire rope from slipping out of the groove should be provided for the wire rope that is wound into or out of the drum. 4.3 Pulley
4.3.1 The pulley should have a device to prevent the wire rope from jumping out of the pulley groove. 4.3.2 The deflection angle of the wire rope entering and exiting the pulley groove shall not be greater than 4°. 4.3.3 The ratio of the pulley diameter to the wire rope diameter: the lifting, closing, trolley traction, pitching and other mechanisms should comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067.
Pulleys made of metal shall be scrapped if any of the following conditions occur: 4.3.43
a) cracks;
b) uneven wear of the wheel groove reaches 3mm at the maximum point; c) wear of the wheel groove wall reaches 20% of the designed wall thickness; d) the reduction in the bottom diameter of the wheel groove due to wear reaches 50% of the wire rope diameter. 4.4 Wheels
4.4.1 The design and manufacture of wheels shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T3811. 4.4.2 The replacement of wheels shall comply with the relevant provisions of JT/T295. 4.5 Transmission gears
shall be scrapped if any of the following conditions occur:
a) cracks;
b) broken teeth.
4.6 Brakes and brake wheels (discs)
GB 18224-2000
4.6.1 The selection and use of brakes for each mechanism shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T3811 and GB/T6067. 4.6.2 Brake parts shall be scrapped if any of the following conditions occur: a) cracks,
b) wear of the brake band or brake shoe friction plate reaches 40% of the design thickness (riveted) or 50% of the design thickness (hinged); c) wear of the pin shaft or shaft hole reaches 1% of the nominal diameter or the roundness reaches 0.20mm; d) plastic deformation of the spring occurs;
e) wear of the brake wheel rim exceeds 30% of the design thickness. 4.6.3 In addition to a set of brakes on the high-speed shaft, a safety brake must be installed on the low-speed shaft of the pitch mechanism to prevent the front beam from falling rapidly in the event of an accident.
4.6.4 The brake must have a compensation stroke.
4.6.5 The hinges of the brake must rotate flexibly. The contact area between the brake belt (block) and the brake wheel (disc) should be greater than 75% of the total contact area. 4.7 Tracks
4.7.1 The pressure plate and bolts of the trolley track should be scrapped if cracks occur. 4.7.2 The trolley track tread and side wear should be scrapped when it is greater than 3mm. 4.7.3 The installation of the trolley running track should comply with the relevant provisions of JT5022. 4.8 Grab
4.8.1 The grab should use the steel wire rope specified in GB/T8918. 4.8.2 The main load-bearing components of the grab should be made of material not lower than Q235B or 16Mn steel. 4.8.3 The hinge shafts of each component of the grab should be made of material not lower than 45 steel in GB/T699, and must be quenched and tempered. 4.8.4 When the unloaded grab is in a closed state, the maximum gap of the jaw plate cutting edge is not greater than 2mm within 200mm, and the jaw plate cutting edge misalignment is not greater than 5mm.
4.8.5 After the grab is assembled, the hinge points, pulleys and other parts should rotate flexibly, without jamming and rubbing, and the opening and closing mechanism should move accurately and open and close freely.
4.9 Reducer
4.9.1 There shall be no leakage at all joints and seals of the reducer. 4.9.2 The overload capacity, safety factor and thermal power of the reducer must meet the specification requirements of the relevant reducer selected. 4.9.3 When a disc brake is used, the axial movement of the reducer high-speed shaft shall meet the requirements of the disc brake. 4.9.4 Under normal lubrication conditions, after the reducer runs forward and reverse at rated speed without load for 2 hours, the temperature rise at the bearing shall not exceed 45°C. 4.10 Elevator
4.10.1 The elevator shall be equipped with a control switch and an elevator emergency stop switch, a telephone, an alarm and a fire extinguisher. 4.10.2 The elevator shall be equipped with a hand-cranked drive device. 4.10.3 An emergency exit shall be provided at the top of the elevator. 4.10.4 The elevator shall be equipped with an entrance and exit platform walkway 5 Hydraulic system
5.1 The hydraulic system shall have a safety device to prevent overload and impact. The hydraulic valve adjustment pressure shall not be greater than 110% of the rated working pressure of the system, and measures to prevent loosening and unauthorized adjustment must be taken. 5.2 There shall be no leakage in the hose, hard pipe and joints. After the pipes and joints are replaced, there shall be no leakage during the system pressure test. 5.3 The hydraulic oil of the system must be inspected, tested and replaced regularly. 333
6 Lubrication
GB 18224--2000
The ship unloader shall have a lubrication diagram and the lubrication points shall be marked. A combination of centralized lubrication and manual lubrication shall be adopted, and lubrication shall be carried out regularly according to the design requirements.
7 Metal structure
7.1 The arrangement of structural parts shall be convenient for inspection, maintenance and drainage. 7.2 Welding rods, welding wires and fluxes shall comply with the provisions of GB/T5117, GB/T5118, GB/T8110 and GB/T14957, and shall be compatible with the materials of the welded parts.
7.3 The weld types of the main load-bearing components such as main beams, door frames, tie rods, trolley frames, funnel support beams, etc. must comply with the provisions of GB/T985 and GB/T986, and shall be accepted in accordance with GB/T12469. All welds are not allowed to have defects such as leaking welds, burn-throughs, cracks, and incomplete penetration that affect performance and appearance quality.
7.4 High-strength boltsWww.bzxZ.net
7.4.1 High-strength bolts, nuts and washers must comply with the provisions of GB/T1228~1231. 7.4.2 High-strength bolt connections must be processed according to the design technical requirements and tightened with special tools. 7.5 Driver's Cab
7.5.1 The connection between the driver's cab and the suspension part must be firm and reliable. The noise in the driver's cab shall not be greater than 75dB (A). 7.5.2 The headroom height of the driver's cab shall not be less than 2m. 7.5.3 The driver's cab shall be equipped with safety facilities such as door locks, fire extinguishers or alarms. 7.5.4 The driver's cab shall be equipped with emergency escape devices, conventional fault displays and monitoring panels, etc. 7.5.5 The top of the driver's cab shall be able to withstand a static load of 2.5kN/m2. 7.5.6 The structure and layout of the driver's cab shall have a good field of vision and be easy to operate and maintain. 7.6 The walkways, ladders, platforms, handrails, etc. of the ship unloader must comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067 and GB4053.1~4053.3. 7.7 The connection between the ship unloader hopper and the hopper support beam must be safe and reliable. 8 Electrical system
8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The electrical equipment of the ship unloader must ensure accurate and reliable transmission and control performance, and can cut off the main power supply and stop the ship unloader safely in an emergency.
8.1.2 The circuit shall not be changed arbitrarily during the installation, maintenance, adjustment and use of the ship unloader to avoid the failure of the safety device. 8.1.3 The installation, construction and acceptance of the electrical equipment of the ship unloader shall be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB50150, GB50254 and GBJ147. 8.1.4 The operating handle on the linkage console must have a mechanical zero position self-locking function. 8.1.5 The grounding wire must be separated from the neutral wire.
8.2 Special requirements
8.2.1 The main transformer shall be an epoxy resin cast dry-type transformer with an insulation grade of F, which shall pass the withstand voltage test and be located in an isolated area with a protective enclosure, and have obvious warning signs. 8.2.2 All components of the programmable controller (PLC) and micro industrial computer (PC) used on the ship unloader should be tight and reliable, and can adapt to the harsh working environment of the ship unloader, such as high temperature, vibration and humidity. 8.2.3 All power distribution cabinets and control cabinets should adopt the overall protection type, with a protection level not less than IP23, and anti-condensation heaters should be installed in the cabinet. 8.3 Lighting and signal
8.3.1 The lighting within the working range of the ship unloader should be good, with an average illumination of not less than 501x. 8.3.2 The illumination of the ship platform, walkway and ladder should not be less than 201x. 8.3.3 All lighting devices of the ship unloader must be three-proof (anti-lightning, waterproof and anti-corrosion), and the device location should be convenient for maintenance. 334
GB18224--2000
8.3.4 An audible and visual alarm should be installed on the door leg. When the trolley is moving, the audible and visual alarm automatically sends out audible and visual signals. 8.3.5 Red aviation obstruction lights shall be installed at the end of the front extension arm and the top of the ladder frame. 8.4 Wires and cables
8.4.1 Wires and cables shall be copper core multi-strand wires, and the minimum cross-section of the wire core shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T17495. 8.4.2 Wires of different structures, different voltage levels, AC and DC shall be separated when passing through pipes. Lighting wires shall be laid separately. 8.4.3 Cable reels can be equipped with effective and reliable cable guides according to layout requirements, and ensure that the cable is not stuck during operation. 8.4.4 The connection of the cable on the reel must be firm, and ensure that the electrical contacts are not pulled. 8.5 Grounding and lightning protection
8.5.1 The grounding resistance of the ship unloader trolley running track shall not be greater than 4Q, and the whole machine shall not be greater than 102. It is strictly forbidden to use the grounding wire as the current-carrying neutral line. 8.5.2 The metal structure of the ship unloader and the metal casing, pipe trough, cable metal sheath, etc. of all electrical equipment shall be reliably grounded. 8.5.3 Lightning rods shall be installed at the ends of the front extension arms and the top of the ladder frame, and the body of the rod shall be 300mm higher than the aviation obstruction light. 9 Safety protection devices
9.1 Overload limiter
9.1.1 The comprehensive error of the overload limiter shall not exceed 8% of the design value. 9.1.2 When the load reaches 90% of the rated lifting capacity, a prompt alarm signal shall be issued. 9.1.3 When the load reaches 110% of the rated lifting capacity, the power supply shall be automatically cut off. 9.2 Deflection adjustment and display device
When the span is equal to or greater than 40m, a deflection display device shall be installed and can automatically correct the deviation. 9.3 Anti-climbing, anchoring and windproof cable devices
9.3.1 Anti-climbing, anchoring and windproof cable devices shall be effective and reliable and shall be designed strictly in accordance with GB/T3811 and the actual conditions of local gusts and typhoons.
9.3.2 The anchoring pit should be matched with the anchoring device on the ship unloader and be reliable when used. 9.4 Buffer
The ship unloader trolley and car running mechanism should be equipped with a buffer and matched with the stop device at the end of the track to ensure that the ship unloader or the running trolley can stop smoothly and have good performance in reducing impact. 9.5 Operation limit position limiter
9.5.1 The trolley and car running mechanism, lifting mechanism, and pitching mechanism must be equipped with operation limit position limiters 9.5.2 The limiter should ensure that each working mechanism can automatically cut off the forward power source when it is at the extreme position of its movement. 9.6 Interlocking protection device
9.6.1 The lifting and lowering of the front arm and the safety hook, the driver's cab, and the trolley operation should be interlocked with each other. 9.6.2 The anchoring, the rail clamp (clamp wheel, top rail) device and the cable reel, the cable release terminal and the direction should be interlocked with the trolley travel mechanism. 9.6.3 The opening of the grab above the hopper should be interlocked with the dust-proof atomization device and the amount of material in the hopper. 9.6.4 The amount of material in the hopper should be interlocked with the feeder. 9.6.5 The feeder and the belt conveyor should be interlocked. 9.7 Fault monitoring and diagnostic device
An effective fault monitoring and diagnostic device should be set up to give an alarm in time, ensure safe operation, and shorten the troubleshooting time. 10 Installation and testing
10.1 The installation of the ship unloader should be carried out in accordance with the relevant documents and precautions, and comply with the relevant provisions of JTJ244. 10.2After the ship unloader is installed and put into formal use, it should be tested in accordance with the relevant provisions of GB/T5905, and it can be officially used only after passing the test.
Use and maintenance
GB18224—2000
11.7The use of the ship unloader and the operator of the ship unloader shall comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067. 11.2When maintaining the ship unloader, corresponding safety measures should be taken according to the working conditions. 12Operating system
12.1The design and layout of the operating system should take into account the comprehensive factors of people, machines and environment to ensure that the ship unloader can operate safely and reliably. 12.2The operating handle has a good feel, clear gear position, obvious zero position push, and sensitive operation. 13Inspection and maintenance
13.1Inspection
Inspect according to the relevant provisions of equipment management during use, and comply with the relevant provisions of GB/T6067. 13.2 Repair
13.2.1 When welding structural parts, the materials and welding rods used should meet the design requirements. 13.2.2 The repair of ship unloaders should comply with the relevant provisions of JT/T295. 336
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