In order to correctly and reasonably apply fly ash in concrete and mortar, this specification is specially formulated. Fly ash that meets the requirements of this specification can be used as an admixture for concrete and mortar. JGJ 28-1986 Technical Specification for Application of Fly Ash in Concrete and Mortar JGJ28-1986 Standard download decompression password: www.bzxz.net

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Standard of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China Fly ash in concrete and mortar
Application technical regulations
JGJ28--86
1987Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
.Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Standard of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China Fly ash in concrete and mortar
Application technical regulations
JGJ28-86bzxz.net
Editor Unit ：China Academy of Building Research Institute of Building Materials and Products Construction
Approval Department: City
Trial Date: 1
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Notice on Approving the Technical Specification for the Application of Fly Ash in Concrete and Mortar as a Ministry Standard (87) Chengkezi No. 18
The Technical Specification for the Application of Fly Ash in Concrete and Mortar, organized and compiled by China Academy of Building Research, has been approved as a Ministry Standard after investigation, with the number JG128 86, and will be implemented on a trial basis from May 1, 1987.
If you have any specific comments or questions in the use of this specification, please inform China Academy of Building Research in writing for interpretation or reference in future revisions. Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China January 17, 1987
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Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
Chapter 1
Technical Requirements for Fly Ash
Section 1
Quality Index
Section 2 Test Methods
Section 3
Section 4
Acceptance Rules
Transportation and Storage
General Provisions for the Application of Fly Ash
Chapter 3
Section 1
Scope of application
Section 2 Maximum limit.
Other provisions
Chapter 4
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Application of fly ash in ordinary concrete
Performance index
Section 2 Cement replacement rate.…
Mix proportion design
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 5
Mixing:
Pouring and molding
Fly ash in lightweight aggregate mix
Performance indicators
Mix ratio design
Section 4
Pouring, molding and Thai machinery
Chapter 6 Application of fly ash in mortar
Section 1
Section 2
Section 4
Varieties and applicable scope
Replacement rate of cement
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Section V Construction
Chapter VII Quality Inspection Record of Fly Ash Concrete and Mortar—Explanation of Special Terms in This Code
Example of Fly Ash Concrete Mix Design
Example of Fly Ash Mortar Mix Design
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Special
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Chapter I General
Article 1.0.1 The fine particle powder collected from the flue gas discharged from the pulverized coal furnace is called fly ash. According to the discharge method, fly ash is divided into dry ash discharge and wet ash discharge. In order to correctly and reasonably apply fly ash in concrete and mortar, this code is specially formulated.
Fly ash that meets the requirements of this code can be used as an admixture for concrete and mortar. Article 1.0.2 This code applies to concrete and mortar mixed with fly ash in general industrial and civil building structures and structures (hereinafter referred to as fly ash concrete and fly ash mortar).
Article 1.0.3 In addition to meeting the requirements of this code, fly ash concrete and fly ash mortar shall also comply with the relevant provisions of the corresponding special technical standards, specifications and regulations Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Chapter 2 Technical Requirements for Fly Ash
Section 1 Quality Indicators
Article 2.1.1 Fly ash is divided into grades I, II and III according to its quality. Its quality indicators shall meet the requirements of Table 2.1.1.
Quality indicators and classification of fly ash
Fineness (0.080mm square hole sieve residue %) not more than loss on ignition (%) not more than
Water requirement ratio (% not more than
Sulfur trioxide (%) not more than
Moisture content (%) not more than
Note: Fly ash used to replace fine aggregate or improve workability is not subject to this regulation. Section 2 Test Methods
Not regulated
Article 2.2.1 Fineness shall be determined in accordance with the "Cement Fineness Test Method (Sieve Analysis Method)" (GB1845-77).
Article 2.2.2 Loss on ignition, moisture content and sulfur trioxide content shall be determined in accordance with the "Cement Chemical Analysis Method" (GB176-76).
Article 2 .23 The water requirement ratio shall be determined in accordance with the relevant provisions of "Test Methods for Expansion and Shrinkage of Cement Mortar" (GB751-65) and "Fly Ash Used in Cement and Concrete" (GB1596-79).
Section 3 Acceptance Rules
Article 2.3.1 The supplier shall inspect the fly ash by batch in accordance with the provisions of this regulation and issue a factory certificate, which shall include:
(1) Factory name and batch number;
(2) Certificate number and date:
(3) Grade and quantity of fly ash;
(4) Inspection results (in accordance with the requirements of Article 2.1.1 of this regulation). Article 2.3.2 200t of fly ash of the same grade supplied continuously day and night is considered as one batch, and less than 200t is counted as one batch. The quantity of fly ash supplied is calculated based on the weight of dry ash (water content less than 1%).
Article 2.3.3 If necessary, the purchaser may conduct random sampling inspection on the quality of fly ash.
(1) Sampling of bulk ash: Take 10 samples from different parts, each not less than 1kg, mix and mix well, and use the quartering method to reduce the sample that is twice the amount required for the test (called the average sample).
(2) Sampling of bagged ash: Randomly select 10 bags from each batch, and take a sample of not less than 1kg from each bag, mix and reduce the average sample according to the method in (1) of this article. Article 2.3.4 Each batch of fly ash must be inspected for fineness according to the requirements of Section 2 of this chapter. and loss on ignition. If conditions permit, the water requirement ratio may be measured. Other indicators shall be tested at least once every quarter.
Article 2.3.5 After the test, those that meet the relevant requirements of this regulation are qualified products; if any of the items do not meet the requirements, double sampling should be taken from the same batch for re-inspection. If the re-inspection still fails, the batch of fly ash should be downgraded. Section 4 Transportation and Storage
Article 2.4.1 When fly ash is transported in bulk, measures must be taken to prevent environmental pollution.
Article 2.4.2 Dry fly ash should be stored in a covered silo, and wet fly ash can be piled on a site with a fence.
Article 2.4.3 The packaging bags of bagged fly ash should be clearly marked with "Fly Ash", factory name, grade, batch guide and packaging date. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Chapter 3 General Provisions for Fly Ash Application
Section 1 Scope of Application
Article 31.1 Grade 1 fly ash is allowed to be used for post-tensioned prestressed reinforced concrete components and pre-tensioned prestressed reinforced concrete components with a span of less than 6m. Article 3.1.2 Grade Ⅱ fly ash is mainly used for ordinary reinforced concrete and lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete.
Note: After special tests, or compounded with water reducers, it can also be used as Grade I ash. Article 3.1.3 Grade Ⅲ fly ash is mainly used for unreinforced concrete and mortar. Note: After special tests, it can also be used for reinforced concrete. Section 2 Maximum Limit
Article 3.2.1 In ordinary reinforced concrete, the fly ash content should not exceed 35% of the cement content of the benchmark concrete, and the fly ash replacement rate for cement should not exceed 20%. The maximum amount of fly ash in prestressed reinforced concrete should not exceed 20%. The fly ash replacement rate for cement should not exceed 15% when ordinary Portland cement is used; it should not exceed 10% when slag Portland cement is used.
Article 3.2.2 In lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete, the fly ash content should not exceed 30% of the cement content of the base concrete, and the fly ash replacement rate for cement should not exceed 15%. Article 3.2.Article 3 In unreinforced dry hard concrete and mortar, the amount of fly ash can be appropriately increased, and the fly ash replacement rate for cement should not exceed 40%. Section 3 Other Provisions
Article 3.3.1 Fly ash should be used in combination with admixtures to improve the workability of concrete or mortar mixtures and enhance the durability of concrete (or mortar). The reasonable amount of admixtures can be determined through tests.
Article 3.3.2 During winter construction, fly ash concrete and mortar should adopt early strength engineering construction standard full text information system
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and insulation measures to strengthen maintenance.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Chapter 4 Application of Fly Ash in Ordinary Concrete Section 1 Performance Index
Article 4.1.1 For fly ash concrete used in underground projects, its strength grade age is set at 28d.
Note: For fly ash concrete used in underground mass concrete projects, its strength grade age can be set at 60d. Article 4.1.2 The design strength grade of fly ash concrete shall not be lower than the design strength grade of benchmark concrete. The standard strength, design strength and elastic modulus of fly ash concrete shall be taken in accordance with relevant regulations and specifications as for benchmark concrete. Article 4.1.3 The performance indexes of fly ash concrete such as shrinkage, creep and impermeability can adopt the performance indexes of benchmark concrete of the same strength grade. Under the condition of equal air content, the frost resistance index of fly ash concrete can also adopt the frost resistance index of benchmark concrete of the same strength grade. The anti-carbonation performance of fly ash concrete can also be regarded as basically the same as that of the benchmark concrete when it meets the relevant requirements of this specification or is mixed with water reducer. Section 2 Cement Replacement Rate
Article 4.2.1 In ordinary concrete, the cement replacement rate of fly ash shall not exceed the table Fly ash replacement cement percentage (B)
Concrete grade
Below C15
C25~C30
Ordinary Portland Cement
Slag Portland Cement
Note: 1. The lower and upper limits of the table are taken for concrete made with No. 425 cement; the upper limit is taken for concrete made with No. 525 cement.
Wet
fly ash above 2c20.
Bao adopts 11-grade fly ash + C15 or below plain wet engineering construction standard full text information system
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4.2.1 specified limit.
Section III Mix Design
Article 4.3.1 The mix design of fly ash concrete is based on the mix proportion of the benchmark concrete, and is adjusted by the excess replacement method according to the principle of equal consistency and equal strength grade.
Article 43.2 The mix design of fly ash concrete is carried out according to the following steps (1) According to the design requirements, the ordinary concrete benchmark mix design is carried out according to the "Technical Regulations for Ordinary Concrete Mix Design" (JJ55-81); (2) According to Table 4.2.1, the fly ash replacement cement ratio (β) is selected; (3) According to the selected fly ash replacement cement ratio (β), the cement content (mc) per cubic meter of fly ash concrete is calculated;
me=m. (1βe)
（4）Select the fly ash excess coefficient (8) according to Table 4.3.2 Fly ash excess coefficient
Fly ash grade
Excess coefficient (6)
Note: For concrete above C25, take the lower limit, and for concrete of other strength grades, take the upper limit. (5) According to the excess coefficient (8), calculate the fly ash content per cubic meter of concrete (mt)
m=d.(mmc)
Fly ash content per cubic meter of concrete (kg); - excess coefficient;
- cement content per cubic meter of base concrete (kg); m. — cement content per cubic meter of fly ash concrete (kg). (6) Calculate the absolute volume of cement, fly ash and fine aggregate in each cubic meter of fly ash concrete, and find the volume of fly ash exceeding that of cement. (7) Deduct the amount of fine aggregate of the same volume from the excess volume of fly ash. Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
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