NY/T 5105-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free strawberry
Some standard content:
ICS_65.020.20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5105--2002
Pollution-free Food
2002-07-25 Issued
Technical Regulations for Strawberry Production
2002-09-01 Implementation
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5105-2002
Appendix A of this standard is a normative appendix. wwW.bzxz.Net
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Foreword
The drafting units of this standard are: Shenyang Agricultural University, Hebei Agricultural University, and the Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center for Fruits and Seedlings of the Ministry of Agriculture. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Zhihong, Wu Luping, Gao Xiuyan, Fu Junfan, Du Guodong, Ge Huibo, Li Qingyun, Zhang Guanghua, and Nie Jiyun. 160
1 Scope
Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free food strawberry
This standard specifies the production technology of pollution-free food strawberry. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free food strawberry. 2 Normative references
NY/T 5105—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Standard
GB/T8321 (all parts) Pesticide Rational Use Guidelines NY/T444.-2001 Strawberry
NY/T496-2002 General Guidelines for Rational Use of Fertilizers NY5104 Environmental Conditions for the Production of Pollution-free Strawberries Announcement No. 194 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (April 22, 2002) Announcement No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China (May 24, 2002) 3 Requirements
3.1 Production Environment
3.1.1 Production Environment Quality
The production environment of pollution-free strawberry production should comply with the provisions of NY5104. 3.7.2 Soil Filling Conditions
The soil layer is relatively deep, the texture is loamy, the structure is loose, the soil is slightly acidic or neutral, the organic matter content is above 15g/kg, and the drainage and irrigation are convenient. 3.2 Principles of fertilization and fertilizers allowed to be used
3.2.1 Principles of fertilization
Follow the provisions of NY/T496--2002. The fertilizers used should be those that have been registered or exempted from registration with the agricultural administrative department. The use of nitrogen-containing compound fertilizers is restricted.
3.2.2 Types of fertilizers allowed to be used
3.2.2.1 Organic fertilizers
Include compost, manure, slurry, biogas fertilizer, green manure, crop straw fertilizer, peat fertilizer, cake fertilizer, humic acid fertilizer, fertilizer processed from human and animal waste, etc.
3.2.2.2 Microbial fertilizers
Include microbial preparations and microbial treated fertilizers, etc. 3.2.2.3 Chemical fertilizers
Include nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, sulfur fertilizers, calcium fertilizers, magnesium fertilizers and compound (mixed) fertilizers, etc. 3.2.2.4 Foliar fertilizer
NY/T 5105—2002
Includes macronutrients, trace elements, amino acids, and humic acid fertilizers. 3.3 Cultivation methods
Strawberry cultivation is divided into two categories: facility cultivation and open field cultivation. The main types of strawberry facility cultivation in my country are: solar greenhouse forced cultivation, plastic greenhouse forced cultivation, solar greenhouse semi-forced cultivation, plastic greenhouse semi-forced cultivation, and plastic arch shed early-maturing cultivation. 3.4 Variety selection
For forced cultivation, choose varieties with shallow dormancy, and for semi-forced cultivation, choose varieties with deeper or deeper dormancy. For open field cultivation in the north, choose varieties with deep or deeper dormancy, and for open field cultivation in the south, choose varieties with shallow or shallow dormancy. When selecting varieties, the resistance, quality, and other characteristics of the variety should also be considered. 3.5 Seedling cultivation
3.5.1 Mother plant selection
Select pure, strong, and pest-free plants as mother plants for breeding and production seedlings. It is recommended to use virus-free seedlings. 3.5.2 Mother plant planting
3.5.2.1 Planting time
Plant mother plants when the average daily temperature in spring reaches above 10°C. 3.5.2.2 Seedbed preparation
Apply 5000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per 667m, and make a flat or high bed with a width of 1.2m~1.5m after ploughing. 3.5.2.3 Planting method
Plant mother plants in a single row in the middle of the bed, with a spacing of 50cm~80cm. The reasonable planting depth of the plant is that the heart and stem of the seedling are flush with the ground, so that the heart is not buried deep and the roots are not exposed shallowly.
3.5.3 Management during the seedling stage
After planting, sufficient water supply should be ensured. In order to promote early and more runners, gibberellin (GAa) can be sprayed once after the mother plant survives, with a concentration of 50mg/I. After the runners occur, the runners are evenly arranged around the mother plant, and soil is piled up and pressed on the nodes of the seedlings to promote the rooting of the seedlings. Manual weeding should be carried out in time during the entire growth period, and the inflorescences should be removed when they are seen. 3.5.4 Transplanting seedlings
3.5.4.1 Transplanting seedlings
There are two ways to transplant strawberry seedlings: nutrient pot transplanting and seedling bed transplanting. In terms of promoting early differentiation of flower buds, nutrient pot transplanting is better than seedling bed transplanting.
It is recommended to adopt the transplanting seedling method for accelerated cultivation and semi-accelerated cultivation. 3.5.4.2 Seedling cultivation in pots
3.5.4.2.1 Seedling cultivation in pots
From mid-June to mid-to-late July, select seedlings of creeping rat with two leaves and one heart, and cut them into plastic pots with a diameter of 10cm or 12cm. The soil for raising seedlings is fertile topsoil without pests and diseases, and a certain proportion of organic materials are added to keep the soil loose. Suitable organic materials mainly include peat, mountain soil, carbonized rice husks, rotten leaves, and decomposed straw, etc., and one of them can be selected according to local conditions. In addition, 20kg/m3 of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure is added to the soil for raising seedlings. Arrange the pots with planted seedlings on the shelf or seedbed, with a spacing of 15cm. 3.5.4.2.2 Management of transplanted seedlings
Water thoroughly after planting, shade must be provided in the first week, and water should be sprayed regularly to keep it moist. Spray 0.2% urea on the leaves 10 days after planting, and spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers every 10 days. Remove the runners, dead leaves and diseased leaves in time, and carry out integrated pest and disease control. In the later stage, the nutrient pot seedlings on the seedbed should be rooted by turning the pot.
3.5.4.3 Seedling cultivation in the seedbed
3.5.4.3.1 Seedling cultivation in the seedbed
The seedbed is 1.2m wide, and 3000kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per 667m2, and a certain proportion of organic materials are added. From late June to mid-late July, select creeper seedlings with three unfolded leaves for planting, with a spacing of 15cm×15cm. 3.5.4.3.2 Management of transplanted seedlings
Appropriate shade. Water thoroughly immediately after planting, and spray water twice a day for three days, and then water to keep the soil moist. 10 days after planting, spray 0.2% urea on the leaves, and spray phosphorus and potassium fertilizers every 10 days. Remove the creeping stems, dead leaves and diseased leaves in time, and carry out integrated pest and disease control. Root cutting treatment is carried out from late August to early September. 3.5.5 Standard for strong seedlings
With more than four expanded leaves, rhizome thickness of more than 1.2cm, well-developed root system, seedling weight of more than 20g, terminal flower bud differentiation is complete, and there is no disease and insect pest.
3.6 Planting of production seedlings
3.6.1 Soil disinfection
Use solar heat disinfection. Specific operation method: Apply the farmyard manure in the base fertilizer to the soil, deep plowing, irrigate with water, and cover the soil surface with ground film or old greenhouse film. In order to improve the disinfection effect, it is recommended to cover the greenhouse film and seal the greenhouse while covering the ground film or old greenhouse film. Soil solar heat disinfection is carried out in July and August for at least 40 days. 3.6.2 Planting period
The transplanted seedlings are transplanted after the differentiation of the top flower buds, usually around September 20. For non-transplanted seedlings, the northern greenhouse planting is transplanted in late August to early September, the southern greenhouse planting is transplanted in mid-September to early October, the northern open-field planting is transplanted in early and mid-August, and the southern open-field planting is transplanted in mid-October. Four-season varieties are transplanted in early and mid-August. 3.6.3 Planting method
The large-scale double-row planting method is adopted. Generally, the height of the platform is 30cm40cm, the upper width is 50cm~60cm, the lower width is 70cm~80cm, and the width of the trench is 20cm. The plant spacing is 15cm~18cm, and the small row spacing is 25cm~35cm. For greenhouse cultivation, 7,000 to 9,000 plants are planted per 667 m2, and for open field cultivation, 8,000 to 10,000 plants are planted per 667 m2. 3.7 Cultivation management
3.7.1 Forcing cultivation management technology
3.7.1.1 Insulation
3.7.1.1.1 Greenhouse film covering
The northern solar greenhouse is covered with greenhouse film when the lowest outside temperature drops to 8C~10C. The film covering of plastic greenhouses in the south is when the average temperature drops to 17 (. When the temperature is low, a small arch shed is built inside the fence for insulation. 3.7.1.1.2 Film Covering
When the top flower buds are budding, cover them with black film. After covering the film, break the film and lift the seedlings immediately. 3.7.1.2 Temperature and Humidity Adjustment in the Greenhouse
3.7.1.2.1 Temperature Adjustment
Before budding: 26℃～28℃ during the day, 15℃～18℃ at night. Budding period: 25C～28C during the day, 8C~12C at night. Flowering period: 22C～25C during the day, 8C～10C at night. Fruit expansion and ripening period: 20℃～25℃ during the day, 5℃～10℃ at night. 3.7.1.2.2 Humidity Adjustment
The humidity in the greenhouse should be reduced as much as possible throughout the growth period. During the flowering period, the relative humidity during the day should be maintained at 50%～60%. 3.7 .7.3 Water and Fertilizer Management
3.7.1.3.1 Irrigation
Use under-film irrigation, preferably drip irrigation. Water thoroughly when planting, water frequently within a week, and follow the principle of "wet but not waterlogged, dry but not dry" after covering the ground with film.
3.7.1.3.2 Fertilization
Base fertilizer: Apply 5000kg of farmyard manure and 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667m2, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium The ratio of 15:15:10 is appropriate. Topdressing: the first topdressing is when the top inflorescence buds appear; the second topdressing is when the top inflorescence fruit begins to swell; the third topdressing is in the early stage of the top inflorescence fruit harvest; the fourth topdressing is in the late stage of the top inflorescence fruit harvest; and topdressing is done every 15 to 20 days. Topdressing is combined with irrigation. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are combined, and the liquid fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.2%~0.4%. 163
NY/T 5105--2002
3.7.1.4 Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment
For deep dormant strawberry varieties, in order to prevent the plants from dormancy, spray GA3 at the center of the seedlings after keeping warm for a week, the concentration is 5mg/1.~～10mg/l..Spray about 5ml per plant.
3.7.1.5 Plant management
Leaf picking and stolons removal: During the entire development process, stolons and yellow leaves, dead leaves, and diseased leaves should be removed in time. Spotted buds: After the top inflorescence is pulled out, select 1 or 2 axillary buds with good orientation and strong, and remove the rest. Spotted flower stems: The inflorescence after fruiting should be removed in time. Thinning flowers and fruits: The high-order ineffective flowers and ineffective flowers on the inflorescence should be thinned out as soon as possible, Keep 7 to 12 fruits on each inflorescence. 3.7.1.6 Stocking bees
Put 1 to 2 boxes of bees in the greenhouse one week before flowering, and the number of bees should be one bee per strawberry plant. 3.7.1.7 Carbon dioxide gas fertilization
Carry out carbon dioxide gas fertilization in the morning on sunny days in winter, with a fertilization time of 2h to 3h and a concentration of 700mg/L to 1000mg/l. 3.7.1.8 Electric light supplement
In order to extend the sunshine hours and maintain the growth potential of strawberry plants, it is recommended to use electric light supplement. Install 40 to 50 100W incandescent bulbs per 667m2, and supplement light for 3h to 4h every day after sunset from early December to late January. 3.7.2 Management technology of semi-forced cultivation in northern solar greenhouses and southern plastic greenhouses 3.7.2.1 Insulation
Semi-forced cultivation in southern plastic greenhouses begins to be covered with greenhouse film for insulation after early to mid-January. Semi-forced cultivation in northern solar greenhouses begins to be insulated from mid-December to early January.
3.7.2.2 Adjustment of temperature and humidity in the greenhouse
Week 3.7.1.2.
3.7.2.3 Water and fertilizer management
3.7.2.3.1 Irrigation
For semi-forced cultivation in southern plastic greenhouses, timely irrigation after planting, watering before covering the greenhouse, and irrigation under the film after covering the greenhouse. For semi-forced cultivation in northern solar overflow rooms, timely irrigation after planting, and freezing water before freezing. Irrigation after insulation generally achieves "wet but not waterlogged, dry but not drought". 3.7.2.3.2 Fertilization
Base fertilizer: 5000kg farmyard manure and 50kg nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667m2, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is preferably 15:15:10. Topdressing: The first topdressing is when the top inflorescence buds appear; the second topdressing is when the top inflorescence fruit begins to swell; the third topdressing is when the top inflorescence fruit is harvested; the fourth topdressing is when the first axillary inflorescence fruit begins to swell. Topdressing is combined with irrigation. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are combined, and the liquid fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.2%~0. 4%.
3.7.2.4 Treatment with GA3
In order to promote the end of dormancy of strawberry plants, GAs can be sprayed on the seedling heart when the plants begin to grow after the overflow, with a concentration of 5mg/l.~10mg/l, and about 5ml per plant.
3.7.2.5 Plant management
Same as 3. 7. 1. 5.
3.7.2.6 Free-range bees
Same as 3.7.1.6.
3.7.3 Management techniques for early-maturing cultivation in plastic arch sheds 3.7.3.1 Winter cold protection
In early-maturing cultivation in arch sheds in the north, cover the shed film before the soil freezes. When the soil is completely frozen, cover the strawberry plants with mulch film and 10cm thick straw on the mulch film.
3.7.3.2 Insulation
In arch sheds in the south, insulation begins in mid-February; in arch sheds in the north, insulation begins in early to mid-March. After the plants begin to grow, break the film and raise the seedlings.
3.7.3.3 Water and fertilizer management
3.7.3. 3. 1 Irrigation
NY/T 5105—2002
Water in time after planting, seal the frozen water before freezing, and irrigate once when the plant begins to grow new leaves after overflow. Before flowering, control the irrigation, and after flowering, water frequently with small amounts of water to keep the soil moist. 3.7.3. 3.2 Fertilization
Base fertilizer: Apply 3000kg~5000kg of farmyard manure and 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667m, with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 15, 15*10.
Topdressing: The first topdressing is when the top inflorescence buds appear; the second topdressing is when the top inflorescence fruit begins to swell. Topdressing is combined with irrigation. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the fertilizer are combined, and the liquid fertilizer concentration is preferably 0.2%~0.4%. 3.7.3.4 Plant management
Same as 3.7.1.5.
3.7.4 Open field cultivation management technology
3.7.4.1 Winter cold protection
In northern areas, water the strawberry plants with antifreeze water before the temperature drops to -5°C. One week later, cover the strawberry plants with a layer of plastic mulch, and then press straw, stalks or grass on the mulch, with a thickness of 10cm~12cm. 3.7.4.2 Removal of antifreeze
In northern areas, when the average spring temperature is stable at around 0°C, remove the thawed coverings in batches. When the local temperature is stable at above 2°C, remove all other antifreeze materials.
3.7.4.3 Plant management
After the strawberry plants germinate in spring, break the mulch and raise the seedlings. Remove diseased leaves, old leaves in the horizontal state at the bottom of the plant, yellowed leaves and creeping stems in time. During the flowering and fruiting period, remove the weak inflorescences and keep 2 to 3 strong inflorescences. The high-order ineffective flowers and ineffective ones on the inflorescences should be thinned out as soon as possible, and each inflorescence should keep 7 to 12 fruits.
3.7.4.4 Water and fertilizer management
3.7.4.4.1 Irrigation
In addition to irrigation combined with fertilization, irrigation is required during important growth periods such as the vigorous growth period of the plant and the fruit expansion period. It is recommended to use micro-spraying facilities.
3.7.4.4.2 Fertilization
Base fertilizer: Apply 3000kg~5000kg of farmyard manure and 50kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per 667m2, with the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium being 15:15110.
Topdressing: Apply 10kg/667m2~15kg/667m2 of urea before flowering, apply phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer after flowering, and apply 20kg/667m2 of phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer during the fruit expansion period.
3.8 Disease and Pest Control
3.8.1 Main Diseases and Pests
3.8.1.1 The main diseases include powdery mildew, gray enzyme disease, virus disease, bud blight, anthracnose, root rot and bud nematodes. 3.8.1.2 The main pests include mites, aphids and whiteflies. 3.8.2 Prevention and Control Principles
It should be based on agricultural control, physical control, biological control and ecological control, and use chemical control technology scientifically. 3.8.3 Agricultural Control
3.8.3.1 Select Disease and Pest Resistance Varieties
Selecting varieties with strong disease and pest resistance is an economical and effective measure to prevent and control diseases and pests. 3.8.3.2 Use virus-free seedlings
Using virus-free seedlings is the basis for preventing and controlling strawberry virus diseases. In addition, using virus-free original seedlings can effectively prevent the occurrence of nematode damage. 165
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3.8.3.3 Cultivation management and ecological measures
If diseased plants, leaves and fruits are found, they should be promptly removed, burned or buried; after harvest, 40 cm deep plowing should be carried out to kill some soil-borne pathogens with the help of natural conditions such as low temperature and ultraviolet rays from the sun; after deep plowing, use solar heat to disinfect the soil; rotate crops properly. 3.8.4 Physical control
3.8.4.1 Yellow boards to kill whiteflies and aphids
Apply yellow paint on 100 cm×20 cm cardboard, apply a layer of engine oil on top, and hang 30 to 40 boards every 667 m between rows. When the boards are covered with whiteflies and aphids, apply another layer of engine oil. 3.8.4.2 Barrier and aphid prevention
Insect-proof nets should be installed at the vents of the greenhouse to prevent aphids from entering. 3.8.4.3 Repel aphids
Hang silver-gray mulch strips at the vents of the greenhouse to repel aphids. 3.8.5 Biological control
After the greenhouse is closed, when the number of whitefly adults is less than 0.2 per plant, release 3 adults of Aphididae per plant every 5 days, and release Aphididae three times in total, which can effectively control the damage of whiteflies.
3.8.6 Ecological control
During the flowering and fruit growth period, increase the effective air volume and reduce the humidity in the greenhouse to below 50%. Raise the greenhouse temperature to 35°C, close the greenhouse for 2 hours, then ventilate to cool down, and keep the greenhouse closed for 2 to 3 times continuously to prevent and control gray mold. 3.8.7 Chemical control
It is prohibited to use highly toxic and high-residue pesticides, and some organic synthetic pesticides can be used in a limited manner. The types of pesticides that are prohibited are shown in Appendix A. All pesticides used should be registered with the Ministry of Agriculture. The standards for safe use of pesticides and the guidelines for the rational use of pesticides refer to GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts) for implementation. In protected areas, smoke and dust methods are preferred. Spraying can be used for prevention and control in dry and sunny weather. If it is during the fruit picking period, the fruit should be picked first and then sprayed. At the same time, pay attention to alternating the use of drugs and mixing them reasonably. 3.9 Fruit Harvest
3.9.1 Fruit Harvest Standard
The fruit surface coloring reaches more than 70%.
3.9.2 Preparation before Harvest
Before harvesting the fruit, preparations for harvesting and packaging should be made. The container for harvesting should be shallow, with a flat bottom and a smooth inner wall, and padded with sponge or other soft cushioning materials.
3.9.3 Harvest Time
The harvest time is determined according to the maturity of the strawberry fruit. Harvesting is carried out after the dew has dried in the early morning and it turns cool at noon or in the evening. 3.9.4 Harvesting operation technology
When harvesting, pinch off the fruit stalk with the thumb and index finger, and place the fruits in containers according to their size. The picked fruits should have short stalks, no damage to the flower bud, no mechanical damage, and no pests and diseases. Fruit grading should be carried out according to the strawberry sensory quality standard described in 5.1 of NY/T444--2001. 166
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Pesticides used in pollution-free strawberry production NY/T5105--2002
Hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, insecticide, ethylene dibromide, herbicide ether, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, dichlorvos, fluoroacetamide, glycyrrhizin, tetrathion, sodium fluoroacetate, tetrathion, methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isoflavone, terbuthion, methyl thiocyanate, spirophos, systemic phosphamidon, carbofuran, dimethoate, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, fenamiphos, omethoate, isocarb, methomyl and other highly toxic and high-residue pesticides. Note: Excerpted from Announcement No. 194 and No. 199 of the Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China in 2002. 167
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