Some standard content:
ICS03.100.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T21664--2008
Working sampling methods
Working sampling methods
Issued on April 23, 2008
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implemented on July 1, 2008
1 Scope
Normative references
3 Scope and conditions of application of working sampling methods
3.1 Scope of application|| tt||3.1.1 Work improvementwww.bzxz.net
3.1.2 Establish time quota and output quota
3.2 Application conditions
4 Work sampling methods and requirements
4.1 Preparation before sampling
Determine observation items
4.1.2 Classification of observation items
4.1.3 Determine the necessary number of observations
Determine the observation time
Determine the patrol route
Develop a table
4.2 Observation records
Organize and analyze
Fill in the result summary table
4.3.2 Calculate the occurrence rate of items||tt ||4.3.3 Eliminate outliers
4.3.4 Verify sampling error
4.3.5 Write written conclusions or reports
Appendix A (Informative Appendix) Work sampling table A.1 Work sampling observation record table
A.2 Work sampling result summary table
Appendix B (Normative Appendix)
Appendix C (Normative Appendix)
C.1 Random timetable
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding N value
Determine the random timetable for observation time
C.2 How to use the random timetable
Appendix D (Informative Appendix) Work sampling Sample method used D.1 Time calculation formula
D.1.1 Operation time ratio Tb
D.1.2 Basic (mobile) time ratio Ti
D.1.3 Auxiliary time ratio Tm
GB/T21664-2008
GB/T21664—2008
Relieving time ratio Tkb
Completion coefficient Twx
D.1.6 Single piece time Ta
Standard time T,
Usage example
Appendix A and Appendix D of this standard are informative appendices, and Appendix B and Appendix C are normative appendices. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Labor Quota and Staffing Standardization. GB/T21664—2008
The drafting units of this standard are: Labor and Wage Department of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, Labor Standards Professional Committee of China Labor Society, and China North Vehicle Group Corporation.
The main drafters of this standard are: Wang Zhihong, Wang Wenyou, Wu Baoliang, Zheng Shuhong, and Liu Fu. This standard was first formulated.
GB/T21664—2008
In order to give full play to the basic role of labor quota and staffing in enterprise management, this standard stipulates the work sampling method and requirements for labor quota and staffing.
The application of the "Work Sampling Method" standard to formulate labor quota and staffing standards is more standardized, accurate, reasonable, applicable and advanced. It will play a positive role in promoting enterprise management, enhancing enterprise competitiveness, improving work efficiency and labor productivity, reducing product costs and improving economic benefits.
1 Scope
Work Sampling Method
This standard specifies work sampling, scope of application, work sampling procedures, methods and requirements. GB/T21664-2008
This standard applies to the use of work sampling methods to analyze and study time consumption and formulate labor quotas during the consumption of working time.
2 Normative References
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB/T14163--1993 Classification, code and standard time composition of working time consumption 3 Scope and conditions of application of work sampling method
3.1 Scope of application
3.1.1 Work improvement
a) Study the composition ratio of time consumption and analyze the composition ratio of various types of time consumption of workers in the labor process; b) Analyze the reasons for labor time consumption and waste, improve the utilization of labor time and eliminate labor time loss; Analyze and study the workload of each position, adjust the load of the position and the staffing ratio, and provide a basis for further adjustment of the organizational structure and reasonable staffing;
d) Investigate the utilization of various types of equipment in the work shift, study the equipment operation status, and provide a basis for the reasonable organization of production. 3.1.2 Formulate time quotas and output quotas
Formulate time quotas and output quotas based on the consumption ratio of various types of quota time and the completed output in the labor process. 3.2 Application conditions
a) Applicable to production and workplaces where the observation objects are relatively concentrated; b) It is necessary to obtain the cooperation of the managers and the observed objects in the production workplace to maintain the original production and working status; c) The observers must undergo prior training, be familiar with the classification of activities, and master the methods and essentials of work sampling. 4 Work sampling methods and requirements
4.1 Preparation before sampling
4.1.1 Determine the observation items
The observation items are determined according to the sampling items.
4.1.2 Classification of observation items
After the items are determined, the classification of the observation items is determined according to the labor time consumption classification method, and the labor time consumption code should comply with the provisions of GB/T14163-1993.
4.1.3 Determine the necessary number of observations
The necessary number of observations is determined according to the absolute error or relative error specified in the sampling survey. When absolute error is used, the necessary number of observations is calculated according to formula (1); when relative error is used, the necessary number of observations is calculated according to formula (3). N=4P,(1-P)
..（1）
GB/T21664--2008
Where:
N—necessary number of observations;
P, event occurrence rate;
E absolute error.
Where:
S-relative error.
N=4(1-P)
（2）
The event occurrence rate (P,) is initially obtained through a small number of preliminary sampling or estimation. As the number of observations increases, the P, value needs to be calculated continuously at certain time intervals until the calculated P, value is basically stable. When the absolute error and relative error are 1%, 3%, 5%, and 10%, the N value corresponding to the P value is shown in Appendix B. 4.1.4 Determine the observation time
4.1.4.1 Determine the necessary number of patrol observations. Work sampling is suitable for observing many observation objects. For example, if all the operators in the workshop are observed, a patrol on site can obtain many observations.
The total number of patrol observations (K) is calculated according to formula (4). K=N/m
Where:
The number of objects observed in one patrol.
4.1.4.2 Determine the planned number of observation working days
（4）
The number of patrols arranged per working day is divided by the total number of patrol observations (K) to obtain the planned number of observation working days. For example: If the total number of necessary patrol observations is 100 times, and an observer conducts 25 patrol observations in one work shift, it is planned to complete all observations in 4 work shifts. 4.1.4.3 Determine the observation time. The methods are: a) Unequal interval observation time
Table lookup method: The random timetable for determining the observation time in Appendix C can be used. 1. Extraction with cards: Before sampling, prepare a set of cards made at a certain time interval. The interval time should be greater than the time required for one round of inspection. The cards should be fully mixed before use. The number of rounds of observation is determined according to the requirements. The corresponding number of cards are randomly drawn from the cards. Then, the drawn cards are arranged in chronological order. This is a random observation schedule. b) Equally spaced observation time
The first observation time is random, and the method is the same as above. The subsequent observation times are determined at a certain time interval. For example: observe every 10 minutes or 15 minutes.
4.1.5 Determine the patrol route
The patrol route can be in the shape of "7", circular, straight, etc. Because the number of observations is large and the route is long, in order to facilitate observation, the best route should be studied and determined in advance.
4.1.6 Prepare forms
Prepare the "Work Sampling Observation Record Form" and "Work Sampling Result Summary Form", the format is shown in Appendix A. 4.2 Observation Record
Perform patrols according to the pre-determined observation time and patrol route. When the observer arrives at the fixed observation position, immediately record the work activities seen at every moment in the "Work Sampling Observation Record Form" with a code. 4.3 Sorting and Analysis
4.3.1 Fill in the result summary form
At the end of each working day's observation, summarize the observation results of one working day and fill in the "Work Sampling Result Summary Form". 2
4.3.2 Calculate the occurrence rate of items
Calculate the occurrence rate of items observed per working day according to formula (5): 4.3.3 Eliminate outliers
P. = Number of observations for the second work purpose × 100% Number of occurrences of items
GB/T21664—2008
（5）
After completing all the observations, use formula (6) to test the sample data. When the control limit of the occurrence rate of items P, is greater than the upper control value or less than the lower control value, it is an outlier and is eliminated. P,=P.±3
Where:
PL—control limit of the occurrence rate of items;
n——number of observations per work shift;
P. -Calculate the average occurrence rate of items per working day. 4.3.4 Check sampling error
Calculate the sampling error based on the number of observations after eliminating abnormal data and the event occurrence rate. If the calculated sampling error is less than or equal to the error specified in advance, it is feasible; if it is greater than the error specified in advance, continue to conduct sampling observations until the conditions are met. The formula for calculating the sampling error when the reliability is 95% is as follows: E
Where:
P,—event occurrence rate.
4.3.5 Write a written conclusion or report
P,(1-P)
According to the purpose of sampling, infer the population based on the sampling results and write a written conclusion or report. (7)
(8)
GB/T21664—2008
A.1 Work sampling observation record sheet
Observation object
Observation time
Equipment name
First group
Time consumption code
Work sampling result summary sheet
Appendix A
(Informative appendix)
Work sampling sheet
Table A.1 Work sampling observation record sheet
Equipment model
Observation time
Classification (group)
Second group
Time consumption code
Work sampling result summary table
Observation date
Observation items
First day
Second day
Third day
Fourth day
Fifth day
Observation results
Observation time
Group 3
No.
Time consumption code
Event occurrence rate %
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
3960000||tt| |1960000
1293000
960000
760000
626667
531429
460000
404444
360000
323636
293333
267692
245714
226667
210000
195294
182222
170526
16 0000
150476
141818
133913
126667
120000
113346
108148
102857
440000
217778
143704
106667
GB/T21664-2008
The unit is times
158400
GB/T21664—2008
Note: ①N. The necessary number of observations for absolute error calculation. ②N, the necessary number of observations for relative error calculation. 6
Table B.1 (continued)
14 054
Unit is times
Random timetable
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Random timetable for determining observation time
C.1.1 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes (see Table C.1). C.1.2 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 10 minutes (see Table C.2). C.2 How to use the random timetable
C.2.1 In the "Time Code" column, remove the time corresponding to the code with a number greater than the number of patrol observations. C.2.2 Combine the time arrangement and arrange in sequence to form an observation timetable. C.2.3 Example of use:
GB/T21664—2008
One day, sampling was carried out on operators working in the day shift. The factory stipulates that the working hours are 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 14:00 to 18:00 p.m. According to calculations, 10 rounds of observation are required in one work shift. Assuming that the first group is randomly selected from Table C.2 to determine the observation time, the time corresponding to each column with a number greater than 10 in the second group of time code columns is removed, and then arranged in the order of the sequence number, the observation times formed are 9:22, 9:39, 10:20, 10:54, 14:15, 14:40, 16:02, 16:52, 17:05, 17:42. Table.1
Random timetable groups with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes
0:11
o:30
o:29
4:25
1:35
o:19
4:27
4:36
Unit is minutes
0:15
Q:27
0:36
3:49
0:08
0:41
3:47
4:14(1-P)
According to the purpose of sampling, infer the population based on the sampling results and write a written conclusion or report. (7)
(8)
GB/T21664—2008
A.1 Work Sampling Observation Record Form
Observation Object
Observation Time
Equipment Name
First Group
Time Consumption Code
Work Sampling Result Summary Form
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Work Sampling Form
Table A.1 Work Sampling Observation Record Form
Equipment Model
Observation Time
Classification (Group)
Second Group
Time Consumption Code
Work sampling result summary table
Observation date
Observation items
First day
Second day
Third day
Fourth day
Fifth day
Observation results
Observation time
Group 3
No.
Time consumption code
Event occurrence rate %
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
3960000||tt| |1960000
1293000
960000
760000
626667
531429
460000
404444
360000
323636
293333
267692
245714
226667
210000
195294
182222
170526
16 0000
150476
141818
133913
126667
120000
113346
108148
102857
440000
217778
143704
106667
GB/T21664-2008
The unit is times
158400
GB/T21664—2008
Note: ①N. The necessary number of observations for absolute error calculation. ②N, the necessary number of observations for relative error calculation. 6
Table B.1 (continued)
14 054
Unit is times
Random timetable
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Random timetable for determining observation time
C.1.1 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes (see Table C.1). C.1.2 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 10 minutes (see Table C.2). C.2 How to use the random timetable
C.2.1 In the "Time Code" column, remove the time corresponding to the code with a number greater than the number of patrol observations. C.2.2 Combine the time arrangement and arrange in sequence to form an observation timetable. C.2.3 Example of use:
GB/T21664—2008
One day, sampling was carried out on operators working in the day shift. The factory stipulates that the working hours are 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 14:00 to 18:00 p.m. According to calculations, 10 rounds of observation are required in one work shift. Assuming that the first group is randomly selected from Table C.2 to determine the observation time, the time corresponding to each column with a number greater than 10 in the second group of time code columns is removed, and then arranged in the order of the sequence number, the observation times formed are 9:22, 9:39, 10:20, 10:54, 14:15, 14:40, 16:02, 16:52, 17:05, 17:42. Table.1
Random timetable groups with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes
0:11
o:30
o:29
4:25
1:35
o:19
4:27
4:36
Unit is minutes
0:15
Q:27
0:36
3:49
0:08
0:41
3:47
4:14(1-P)
According to the purpose of sampling, infer the population based on the sampling results and write a written conclusion or report. (7)
(8)
GB/T21664—2008
A.1 Work Sampling Observation Record Form
Observation Object
Observation Time
Equipment Name
First Group
Time Consumption Code
Work Sampling Result Summary Form
Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Work Sampling Form
Table A.1 Work Sampling Observation Record Form
Equipment Model
Observation Time
Classification (Group)
Second Group
Time Consumption Code
Work sampling result summary table
Observation date
Observation items
First day
Second day
Third day
Fourth day
Fifth day
Observation results
Observation time
Group 3
No.
Time consumption code
Event occurrence rate %
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
Event occurrence rate P, corresponding value of N
3960000||tt| |1960000
1293000
960000
760000
626667
531429
460000
404444
360000
323636
293333
267692
245714
226667
210000
195294
182222
170526
16 0000
150476
141818
133913
126667
120000
113346
108148
102857
440000
217778
143704
106667
GB/T21664-2008
The unit is times
158400
GB/T21664—2008
Note: ①N. The necessary number of observations for absolute error calculation. ②N, the necessary number of observations for relative error calculation. 6
Table B.1 (continued)
14 054
Unit is times
Random timetable
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Random timetable for determining observation time
C.1.1 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes (see Table C.1). C.1.2 Random timetable with a minimum time interval of 10 minutes (see Table C.2). C.2 How to use the random timetable
C.2.1 In the "Time Code" column, remove the time corresponding to the code with a number greater than the number of patrol observations. C.2.2 Combine the time arrangement and arrange in sequence to form an observation timetable. C.2.3 Example of use:
GB/T21664—2008
One day, sampling was carried out on operators working in the day shift. The factory stipulates that the working hours are 8:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. and 14:00 to 18:00 p.m. According to calculations, 10 rounds of observation are required in one work shift. Assuming that the first group is randomly selected from Table C.2 to determine the observation time, the time corresponding to each column with a number greater than 10 in the second group of time code columns is removed, and then arranged in the order of the sequence number, the observation times formed are 9:22, 9:39, 10:20, 10:54, 14:15, 14:40, 16:02, 16:52, 17:05, 17:42. Table.1
Random timetable groups with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes
0:11
o:30
o:29
4:25
1:35
o:19
4:27
4:36
Unit is minutes
0:15
Q:27
0:36
3:49
0:08
0:41
3:47
4:142 randomly selects the first group to determine the observation time, then from the second group of time code columns, the times corresponding to the columns with numbers greater than 10 are removed, and then arranged in sequence number order, the observation times formed are 9:22, 9:39, 10:20, 10:54, 14:15, 14:40, 16:02, 16:52, 17:05, 17:42. Table.1
Random timetable groups with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes
0:11
o:30
o:29
4:25
1:35
o:19
4:27
4:36
Unit is minutes
0:15
Q:27
0:36
3:49
0:08
0:41
3:47
4:142 randomly selects the first group to determine the observation time, then from the second group of time code columns, the times corresponding to the columns with numbers greater than 10 are removed, and then arranged in sequence number order, the observation times formed are 9:22, 9:39, 10:20, 10:54, 14:15, 14:40, 16:02, 16:52, 17:05, 17:42. Table.1
Random timetable groups with a minimum time interval of 5 minutes
0:11
o:30
o:29
4:25
1:35
o:19
4:27
4:36
Unit is minutes
0:15
Q:27
0:36
3:49
0:08
0:41
3:47
4:14
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