Some standard content:
ICS91.160
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T2900.65—2004
Replaces GB/T7451—1987
Electrotechnical Terminology
Electrotechnical 1erminology---Lighting(IEC 60050(845):1987.M0D)
Promulgated on 2004-05-10
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2004-12-01
GB/2900.65—2004
This part of GB/T 2900 is modified to adopt the international standard IEC60050 (845):1987 International Electrotechnical Harmonization Chapter 845: Lighting. During the formulation of this part, some of the inter-language explanations of Russian, French and German in the original international standard were not collected in this part, and the numbering of the original chapters was modified. The other contents are consistent with the original international standard. When this part comes into effect, GB/T7451-1987 "Terms of Electric Light Sources" shall be abolished. This part is proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Electrical Terms. This part is technically coordinated by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Lighting Appliances. The responsible unit for the reform of this part: Beijing Electric Light Source Research Institute. The main drafters of this part: Ai Suhui, Yang Xiaoping. 1 Scope
Electrical Terms
This part of GB/T2900 specifies the terms and definitions of lighting, lighting appliances and related terms. This part is applicable to the compilation of various standards and related technical documents related to the lighting appliance industry. 2 Lighting terms
845-01 Radiation, quantities and units A General terms geeral terms
845-01-01
(Electromagnetic) radiation 1) The emission or propagation of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves associated with photons. 2) Electromagnetic waves or photons,
845-01-02
Optical radiation optical radiation
GB/T 2900.65--2004
Electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between the transition region to X-rays (in lnn) and the transition region to radio waves (^~1mm). 845-01-03
Visible radiation
Any optical radiation that can directly cause vision. The range of visible radiation has no clear boundaries because it depends on the power of the radiation reaching the retina and the observer's responsiveness. The lower limit is generally between 360nm and 400nm, and the upper limit is between 760nm and ≤30nm. 845-01-04
Infrared radiation
Optical radiation with a wavelength shorter than that of visible radiation. Note: For infrared radiation, the passband is divided into the optical spectrum between 780) rim and 1 nim: IR-A789---
845-01-05
Ultraviolet radiation ullravicet radialiun Optical radiation with a wavelength less than the wavelength of visible radiation, 1 400 nn
Note: For ultraviolet radiation, the spectrum between 100 1m and 4C0 nm is usually divided into: UJV-A 315
IJV I250.
845-01-06
Light
1) Perceived light (width 8450217)
2) Visible radiation (see 84501-03),
.31:tm
Note 1. The term \light\ is sometimes used in the sense of 2) to refer to optical radiation extending beyond the visible region, but this usage is not recommended. Note 2: The English \1l.ight\ and the German \1.ich\ also refer to certain illumination transpositions and light signals (especially those that transmit vision). GB/T2900.65--2004
845-01-07
monochromatic radiation monochromatle radlation Radiation characterized by a single frequency. In practice, it is the description of radiation of a very small frequency range by a definite single frequency. Note: The length of the radiation in air or vacuum can also be used to characterize monochromatic radiation. 845-01-08
spectrum (of a radiation) spectrum (of a radiation) The display or statement of a single negative component of the radiation under consideration. Note 1 Linear spectrum, continuous spectrum and spectrum with two characteristics. Note 2: This term is also used to refer to spectral properties (excitation spectrum, action spectrum). 845-01-09
spectral line
1) a single-valued radiation emitted or absorbed in transition between two energy levels 2) a manifestation in a spectrum.
845-01-10
polarized radiation
radiation in which the electromagnetic field (its vibration direction is perpendicular to the direction of propagation) is oriented in a definite direction. Note: Polarization can be linear, circular or polarized. 845-01-11
coherent radiation
monochromatic radiation in which the phase difference of the electromagnetic oscillations between points remains constant. 845-01-12
interference
superposition of (two or more) coherent waves that can locally reduce or enhance the amplitude of the radiation. 845-01-13
Diffraction
The deviation of the direction of propagation of radiation when it passes through the edge of an obstacle due to the wave nature of the radiation. 845-01-14
Wavelength
The distance between two adjacent points with the same phase in the direction of propagation of a periodic wave. Unit: m
Note 1: The wavelength in a medium is equal to the wavelength in a vacuum divided by the refractive index of the medium. Unless otherwise specified, the wavelength value is the value in air. The refractive index of standard air (for spectroscopy; t=15℃, =101 325Pa) for visible radiation is between 1.00027 and 1.00029. Note 2: A-/v, where A is the wavelength in the medium + is the phase velocity in the medium and 1 is the velocity. B45-01-15
wave number
The reciprocal of the wavelength.
Unit; m-1
845-01-16
spectral
When the adjective "spectral" is used in relation to an electromagnetic radiation quantity X, it means that X is a function of wavelength, symbol, X(a); or the quantity is the spectral intensity of X, symbol. X.-dx
X, also expressed as a number. For emphasis, it can also be written as X(), and the meaning remains unchanged. GB/T 2900, 65--2004
Note that the quantity X can also be expressed as a number such as a factor>, a number, etc.; its corresponding symbols are 1X(), X), etc., or X,, X., etc. 845-01-17
spectral intensity spectral concentration spectral distribution (of radiant, luminous or photunquantity X(a))
At wavelength λ, the quotient of the radiant, luminous or photunquantity dX(i) and the wavelength interval l containing >, Xdxa)
Unit. [X] m-1, for example Wm-, lm.m-1, etc. Note 1: When the rainfall number X is referred to (over a wide wavelength range rather than a specific wavelength, the term "spectral distribution" is appropriate. Note 2: See the explanatory notes to 815-)I-16. 845-01-18
Relative spectral distribution (of a radiant, luminous or photon quantity X(a)) s(a)
Spectral distribution X of quantity X()() The ratio of a certain reference value R to a certain reference value R, which can be the mean value, the maximum value or an arbitrarily selected value of the distribution.
Single short: 1
Note: See the notes to 815-01-16.
845-01-19
Point sourcepoint source
Size is a radiation source that is small enough that its size can be ignored in calculations and measurements compared to its distance from the irradiated surface. Note: A point source that radiates in all directions is called an isotropic point source or a homogeneous point source. 845-01-20
steradia
The SI unit of solid angle. The area of the sphere cut by the solid angle with its vertex at the center of the sphere is equal to the area of the square. The side length of the square is equal to the radius of the sphere.
B Radiant, luminous and photon quantities and their units Introduction:
1. Photopic and scotopic quantities There are two types of light (luminosity). The quantity used for photopic vision and the quantity used for scotopic vision. In both cases, their definitions and terms are almost the same. In general, one definition is sufficient, and if necessary, the adjective "photopic" or "scotopic" can be added. The symbol for scotopic vision is the symbol for the photopic quantity with a move (such as:, V (intensity), etc.), and their units are the same.
For intermediate vision, no definition of the relevant quantity has been given. 2. Radiance, light (luminosity) and photon quantity - these three quantities have the same basic symbols. For broad distinction, they are marked with subscripts e (energy), (vision) or photons), for example; worms. 3. The adjective used in (845-01) The word light is also used in (845-02) (vision), but its meaning is different. GB/T2900.65-2004
845-01-21
Light stimulus light stimulus
Visible radiation that enters the eye and causes light perception. 845-01-22
Spectral luminous efficiency (of monochromatic: radiation of wavelength) (V(a)forphotopic vision, V'(a)forscotopic vision)
Under certain luminous intensity conditions, the wavelength that causes the sensation of light of equal intensity is the ratio of the two radiant fluxes of input and output, selected at the point where the maximum ratio is equal to 1.
Note, unless otherwise specified, the spectral luminous efficiency values used for photopic vision are internationally agreed values published by CIE in 1924, and further improved by interpolation and extrapolation in 1970-1971. They were recommended for adoption by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1972. For prospective vision, the values adopted by CIF for the back-field standard testers in 19=1 were approved by the International Committee for Weights and Measures (CIPM) in 1976. These values are respectively determined by the V(a) or (1) function V(A) and V(1) curve level expression, Mingshitang
c, 954
0. 001 05
0.000 015 | | tt | 312 9
0.000 148 0
0.0000715
0.00003533
0.000 017 80
0. 000 009 14
0.00000478
0.000 002 546
0. 000 001 379
0, 000 000 760
0.000 000 425
0. 000 600 241
0. 000 000 139
845-01-23
Pa?,vt?++
CLE standard photometric observer CIEstandardphotometricobserver700
GB/T 2900. 65-—2004
+-- A(nm)
An obscure observer having a relative spectral responsivity curve consistent with the function V(λ) (photopic vision) or the function V(λ) scotopic vision, and obeys the superposition law contained in the definition of luminous flux. 845-01-24
Radiant flux
radiant power
radlant pawer
Power emitted, transmitted or received in the form of radiation. Unit:
845-01-25
Luminous flux
luminuus Flux
A quantity derived from the radiant flux Φ. This quantity is evaluated based on the effect of radiation on the CIE standard photometric observer. For photopic vision: de.ca..Voada
d= o”,
where:
is the spectral distribution of the radiant flux, and V(>) is the spectral luminous efficiency. da
Unit: Im
Note: For K value (light vision) and K_ value (scotopic vision), see 845-01-55, 845-01-26
Photon flux photon fEux
The number of light emitted, transmitted or received within a time unit dN, divided by the time unit. dN.
Unit: s1
's radiation, its photon flux:
Note: spectral distribution is
~ dea)
GB/T 2900.65--2004
h Planck constant-(5.62G0755+0.0000040)×1n\」-g+light in vacuum-299 792 458 m· s845-01-27
Radiant energy
In a given duration△t, the time integral of the radiant flux. Q
Unit=W·s
845-01-28
Quantity of light
In a given duration△t, the time integral of the luminous flux. Q =
Unit.Ims
Other units: Lumen per hour (1m·h)845-01-29
Number of photons
numberofphotons,photonnumer
Time integral of the number of photons passing through the room in a given duration. N
Unit: 1
845-01-30
Radiant intensity (radiation source in a given direction) radiantintensity(rof a sourceinagiven direction) I1
Radiant flux dΦ leaving the radiation source and propagating within the solid angle element dQ containing the given direction. Divided by the solid angle element. de
Unit·W·
845-01-31
Luminous Intensity (of a source, in a given direction) luminousIntensity (of a source, in a given direction) I,
The luminous flux propagating within the solid angle element shan from the light source in the given direction, divided by the solid angle element. I. = do
Unit: cdlm.r:
845-01-32
Photon Intensity (of a source, in a given direction) photon intensity (of a source, in a given direction) I
The photon flux dΦ propagating within the solid angle element d from the radiation source in the given direction, divided by the solid angle element. I,de
Unit:8-1 sr-
845-01-33
Geometric factor (of rays) geometricextcnt (ofahicamofrays) 『G]www.bzxz.net
The integral of the quantity element dG defined by the equivalent formula over the entire ray beam. dci= dA.cos.d4'-cost = dA- cos.dn where: dA and dA' are the product of the two cross sections of the beam element separated by the spacing: 9 and are the angles between the beam element direction and the normal to dA, dA: do-dA'.cose
is the solid angle that dA' makes with respect to the point cA. Single-path m
CB/T2900.65—2004
Let: For a beam propagating through a continuous non-diffuse medium, the quantity (·" is an invariant, and the refractive index is called the "radiance factor". 845-01-34
Radiance (the brightness of a given point on a real or imaginary surface in a given direction) radiacein a given point of a real or imaginary surface in a given direction gurface)L;L
is a quantity defined by the formula IA·cosb·dn
. Where Φ. The radiant flux propagated by the radiation beam element passing through a given point within the solid angle element 2 containing a given space: A is the cross-sectional area of the radiation beam containing the given point: is the angle between the cross-sectional normal and the radiation beam direction,
unit·War-
The formulas in Notes 1 to 5 below are also applicable to Technical Specifications 815.0135 and 845-01-36, so the symbols of the quantities are not marked,
Note 1: For the surface element of the light source surface, since the light intensity of A in a given space is dId/d, the most commonly used equivalent formula in the lighting process is dr
Note 2 For the surface element A receiving the radiation effect, since The irradiance or illuminance dE produced by the radiation at tA is dE = d/A, then the equivalent formula Lanes is the formula used when the light source has no surface (for example, a chamber, a discharge plasma). dE
Note 3, the radiation beam element is due to the use of dG, within dG-d.4·eos·d. Then the equivalent formula is L = dp/dG Note 4; Since the optical factor (· (see the note to 845-01-33) is a constant function, if the absorption, reflection and diffusion losses are zero, then the maximum along the beam path is a constant. This is called the "basic coupled luminance" or "basic luminance" or "basic luminance". Note 6: The relationship between L and L given in the above formula is sometimes called the "fundamental law of radiometry and photometry", dp-. dA.cos+dl'.cosE.-. . cA.cod.dn- L.dA'- cosr .do845-01-35
[Light] brightness (luminance (it is a given direction, at a given point of a real US irsaginary surfaceyL,L
) is a quantity defined by the formula I,-A·coso·dn
. In the formula, is the luminous flux transmitted by the beam element passing through the given point within the body angle 2 containing the given direction; dA is the cross-sectional product of the beam containing the given point; dn is the angle between the cross-sectional area and the radiation beam. Unit: cd·Im*+im·m-.sr
Note: See Notes 1 to -5 of 845-0134
GB/T 2900.65—2004
845-01-36
Photon radiance (in a given point of a real or imaginary surface) L
is defined by the formula Lp\aA·coso,an, where dΦ is the maximum number of photons propagating through a radiation beam passing through a given point within a solid angle d containing the given direction, dA is the cross-sectional area of the radiation beam containing the given point: and dA is the angle between the cross-sectional normal and the direction of the radiation beam.
Unit: s1in-2sr-1
Note: See Notes 1 to -5 of 845-C1-34. 845-01-37
Irradiance (at a point of a surface) EE
The radiation flux d projected onto the surface element containing the point divided by the surface element area dA, equivalent definition: the integral of the expression L. cos·dQ along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L. is the radiant brightness of the radiation beam element emitted from different directions with a solid angle of d2 to a given point, and 0 is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at a given point. de
unit, W·m-2
845-01-38
L* cost,d?
(Light) illuminance (at a point on the surface) luminance (at a point on a surface) E:E
The luminous flux projected onto the surface element containing the point, divided by the surface element area dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L,·coso·d2 seen from the hemisphere at a given point, where L is the brightness of the beam element projected in different directions with a solid angle of dQ at a given point, and is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at a given point. E - d
asedn
Unit: 1x=lm.m-2
845-01-39
Photon irradiance (at a point of a surface) photon irradiance (at a point of a surface) EE
The light flux projected onto the surface element containing the point, divided by the surface element area dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression Lcos·d2 along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L is the photon radiance of the radiation beam element emitted in different directions with a solid angle of d at a given point, and 6 is the angle between any radiation beam element and the normal of the surface at a given point.
Unit: sin?
845-01-40
I Ip· cose. d?
Spherical irradiance: spherical irradiance, radiantfluencerate (at a point) Ee,ojE.
L.do is a quantity defined by dn, dn is the body angle of each radiation beam element passing through the point, L is the brightness of each radiation beam element to the point E, =
.
Unit: Wm
GB/T 2900. 65--2004
Note 1: The total radiant flux projected onto the outer surface of an infinite sphere centered at a given point is divided by the cross-sectional area of the sphere diameter. Note 2: Similar quantity \ spherical [light] illuminance F. ” and \photon spherical radiance \7 illuminance F.\ are defined in the same way, but luminance L. or photon spherical radiance is used instead of radiance.
NOTE 3 The terms \"spherical irradiance\" or \"standard irradiance\" or other similar terms can be found in the literature. In their definitions, the cross-sectional area is sometimes replaced by the surface area of the sphere, which is a multiple of the surface area of the sphere. 845-01-41
cylindrical irradiance (at a point, for a direction) direction）E..+E.
I,sine·l, where dQ is the solid angle of each radiation beam element passing through a given point, L is the radiant brightness of the radiation beam element at that point, and is the angle between the radiation beam element and the given direction: unless otherwise specified, the direction is perpendicular.
Unit: Wm\?
Note 1: This quantity is the total radiation projected onto the outer surface of a limited small cylinder containing the given point and with the axis aligned with the given direction, divided by T times the cross-sectional area of the cylinder measured in the plane containing its axis. Note 2: Similar quantities \cylindrical illuminance E." and "illuminated cylindrical irradiance F." are defined in the same way, but with the brightness L.Or photon box irradiance L, instead of irradiance brightness L.
845-01-42
Radiant exposure (a point on the table, in a given time period) radiantexposure (alapaint nfa surface, foragivenduration)
In a given time period - the radiant energy dQ projected onto the surface element 1 containing the point divided by the surface element area dA. Equivalent definition: the time integral of the irradiance E at a given point in the entire given time period. H=
Unit J·m =Ws*m 2
Note: The quantity exposure defined here should not be confused with the quantity also called exposure (irradiation) used in the field of X-rays and radiation. The latter has the unit of coulomb per dry gram (·kg-) 845-01-43
Luminous exposure (surface E: point, within a given time course); light exposure (deprecated) (at a point of a surface, for H given duration yH.tH
The amount of light dQ projected onto the surface containing the point within a given time course. Divided by the area of the surface element 4. Equivalent definition: The time integral of the illuminance at a given point within the entire given time course t. dQEdt
Single signal, lx*slm·sm ?
845-01-44
Exposure (a point on a surface, within a given duration) phaton exposure (at a point of a surface.far agivetduration)
The number of photons dQ projected onto the surface light containing the point within a given duration, divided by the area of the surface element dA. Equivalent definition: the time integral of the photon irradiance E at a given point within the entire given duration △. GB/T 2900.65--2004
Unit: m-2
845-01-45
Ep·da
Spherical radiation, auxiliary radiation flow (at a point, within a given duration) radiantsphericaiexpusure; radiantfluence (at a point,for a given duration).u; lle
The time integral of the spherical irradiance E at a given point in a given time At, He
Unit: J m-?=W$· tn-3
Note, similar quantity\spherical light\H.. and "spherical photon quantity" H are defined in the same way, but the spherical illuminance E, or the light spherical illuminance E. is used to replace the spherical irradiance E
845-01-46
()Cylindrical radiation (at a point, for a given direction and duration) radiantcylindricalexposure (at a point, for a given direction and duration)He..+H,
The time integral of the cylindrical irradiance E at a given point in a given direction in a given time △t. H..
Unit J·m-2=W·s·m-2
Note: Similar quantities "surface warm light" H and "surface photon quantity" H are defined in the same way, but cylindrical illuminance E or photon cylindrical irradiance F is used instead of cylindrical auxiliary illuminance E.
845-01-47
Radiant exitance (at a point of a surface) M..M
The radiant flux d4 leaving the surface element containing the point divided by the surface element area dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L.·cos·d2 along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L. is the radiant brightness of the radiation beam element emitted in each direction within the solid angle dQ to the given point, and 9 is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at the given point. M. -do - JL· cose . do
Unit: W·m-2
845-01-48
Luminous exitance (at a point of a surface)M,:M
The luminous flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point, divided by the surface element area A. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L,·coso·d along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L, is the luminance of the radiation beam element emitted in all directions within the solid angle d at a given point, and is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at a given point. dd.
Unit: 1m * m--2
845-01-49
Photon emittance (at a point on a surface) photonexitance (at a point of a surface) Mm
The photon flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point divided by the area of the surface element dA.M
The luminous flux d4 leaving the surface element containing the point is divided by the area of the surface element dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L.·cos·d2 along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L. is the radiant brightness of the radiation beam element emitted in each direction within the solid angle dQ at the given point, and 9 is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at the given point. M. -do - JL· cose. do
Unit: W·m-2
845-01-48
Luminous exitance (at a point of a surface)M,:M
The luminous flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point is divided by the area of the surface element dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L,·coso·d along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L is the brightness of the radiation beam element emitted from all directions within the solid angle d to a given point, and is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at the given point. dd.
Unit: 1m * m--2
845-01-49
Photon emittance (at a point on the surface) photonexitance (at a point of a surface) Mm
The photon flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point divided by the surface element area dA.M
The luminous flux d4 leaving the surface element containing the point is divided by the area of the surface element dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L.·cos·d2 along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L. is the radiant brightness of the radiation beam element emitted in each direction within the solid angle dQ at the given point, and 9 is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at the given point. M. -do - JL· cose. do
Unit: W·m-2
845-01-48
Luminous exitance (at a point of a surface)M,:M
The luminous flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point is divided by the area of the surface element dA. Equivalent definition: The integral of the expression L,·coso·d along the hemisphere seen from a given point, where L is the brightness of the radiation beam element emitted from all directions within the solid angle d to a given point, and is the angle between any radiation beam element and the surface normal at the given point. dd.
Unit: 1m * m--2
845-01-49
Photon emittance (at a point on the surface) photonexitance (at a point of a surface) Mm
The photon flux dΦ leaving the surface element containing the point divided by the surface element area dA.
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