Cartographic symbols for national fundamental scale maps—Part 1:Specifications for cartographic symbols 1∶500 1∶1 000 & 1∶2 000 topographic maps
Some standard content:
ICS01.080.30
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T20257.1—2017
Replaces GB/T20257.1-2007
National basic scale map diagrams
Part 1: 1:5001:10001:2000 topographic map diagrams,
Cartographic symbols for national fundamental scale maps-Part 1:Specifications for cartographic symbols1:5001:1000&1:2000top0graphicmaps2017-10-14Release
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of ChinaStandardization Administration of China
2018-05-01Implementation
Normative references
General provisions
Classification of symbols
Symbol size
Symbol positioning
Symbol configuration
Symbol usage methods and requirements
Topographic map division and outline decoration
Topographic map color
Symbols and annotations
Positioning basis
Residential areas and facilities
Pipeline...
Plant and soil
Appendix A (Normative Appendix)
Appendix B (Informative Appendix)
Appendix C (Normative Appendix)
Index·
Explanation Notes Brief Note Table
Map Outline Decoration Style
GB/T20257.1—2017
GB/T20257 "National Basic Scale Map Diagram" is divided into 4 parts: - Part 1: 1:5001:10001:2000 topographic map diagram; Part 2: 1:50001:10000 topographic map diagram; Part 3: 1:250001:500001:100000 topographic map diagram Part 4: 1:2500001:5000001:1000000 topographic map diagram This part is Part 1 of GB/T 20257. GB/T 20257.1—2017
This part replaces GB/T 20257.1—2007 "National Basic Scale Map Diagrams Part 1: 1:5001:10001:2000 Topographic Map Diagrams". Compared with GB/T20257.1-2007, the main changes of this part are as follows: 1. "Normative reference documents" are added, and GB/T13989 "National Basic Scale Topographic Map Division and Numbering" is cited; the symbol category "Survey Control Point" is changed to "Positioning Basis"; the symbol name "Swamp" is changed to "Swamp, Wetland"; "Open Reef" is changed to "Island, Underwater Island" which is not based on scale; "Telecommunication Handover Box", "Telecommunication Inspection Manhole" and "Telecommunication Bureau" are changed to "Communication Handover Box", "Communication Inspection Manhole" and "Communication Business Hall"; "Open-air Warehouse" is changed to "Open-air Warehouse, Material Field"; "Main Road, Secondary Road, Branch Road" is changed to "Main Road, Secondary Road, Branch Line", etc.; Satellite positioning continuous operation stations, ditches above the ground, grass beaches, reed beaches, and salt wormwood beaches are added. , shoals, jetties, other types of breakwaters, podiums, art buildings, tailings ponds, solar panels, construction areas, cellars (vegetable cellars), dedicated oxygen supply points, marine rescue stations, lifeboat stations, sand pits, fitness, entertainment facilities, viewing platforms, post boxes, large mailboxes, rooftop facilities, newsstands, kiosks, ticket booths, ATMs, paper burning stoves, car repair stations, territorial sea base point monuments, Buddha drying platforms, soundproof walls (sound barriers), windbreak walls (windbreak walls), car ramps in front of buildings, barrier-free passages, outdoor escalators, outdoor elevators, screen walls, art landscape lights, traffic patrol platforms, electronic screens, street garden landscape sketches, elevated railways, high-speed railways, village roads, sidewalks, bus stops (with platforms), parking buildings, bicycle rental points, wildlife passages, heat sinks, roads The indication of road reflectors, door-type road signs, electronic eyes (monitoring facilities), traffic speedometers, traffic warning signs, street name signs (road signs), pier-type docks, approach bridge-type docks, road heads, broken docks, bollards, compass correction bollards, docks, slipways, ship frames, radar beacons, radio beacons, pilot stations, pilot offices, abandoned ships, helicopter landing pads, submarine optical cables, cables, gas pressure regulating stations, pipeline indicator piles, reclaimed water inspection wells, public security inspection wells, auxiliary curves, sketched contour lines, local average sea level, dry-out height, wind-proof and sand-fixing grids, rock walls, debris flows, lava flows, bank ridges, soil ridges, whiteboards, residual hills, bare land and other landforms; - the indication of satellite positioning grade points, hanging corner buildings, corridors (arcades), floating buildings, breeding grounds, door tops, rain covers, eaves corridors, cantilever corridors and other landforms have been added or modified. The meaning or description of the symbols of buildings such as houses, suspended corridors, greenhouses, sheds, walls, gymnasiums, and milestones has been modified, and the fonts of house level annotations and the font size of residential area name annotations have been adjusted; subway station exit population and slideway have been transferred from residential facilities to transportation; the graphic representation and comprehensive selection indicators of symbols such as rivers, houses, fences, and dikes have been supplemented and improved; other symbols such as roads and cable rivers have been deleted, as well as Appendix C\Topographic map division and numbering". This part was proposed by the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. This part is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Geographic Information Standardization (SAC/TC230). Drafting units of this part: Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation, Beijing Surveying and Mapping Design Institute, Construction Comprehensive Survey Research and Design Institute Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this part: Ma Xiaoping, Ma Congli, Zhang Jing, Chen Zhuo, Wang Dan, Huang Jian, Zhao Xin. The previous versions of the standard replaced by this part are: GB7929-1987, GB/T7929-1995;-—GB/T20257.1-2007.
1 Scope
National basic scale map format
Part 1: 1:5001:10001:2000 topographic map format
GB/T20257.1—2017
This part of GB/T20257 specifies the symbols, annotations and outline decoration of various landforms and geomorphic elements shown on 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps, as well as the methods and basic requirements for using these symbols. This part is applicable to the surveying and mapping of 1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000 topographic maps. The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document GB/T13989 National Basic Scale Topographic Map Division and Numbering 3 General Provisions 3.1 Classification of Symbols 3.1.1 Scaled Symbols: Symbols of features whose length and width can be expressed according to scale after the features are reduced in scale. 3.1.2 Semi-scaled Symbols: Symbols of features whose length can be expressed according to scale but whose width cannot be expressed according to scale after the features are reduced in scale. In this section, only the width dimension value is marked next to the symbol. 3.1.3 Non-scaled Symbols: Symbols of features whose length and width cannot be expressed according to scale after the features are reduced in scale. In this section, the length and width dimension values of the symbol are marked next to the symbol.
3.2 Dimensions of symbols
3.2.1 The dimension values marked with numbers next to the symbols are all in millimeters (mm). 3.2.2 If only one dimension value is marked next to the symbol, it means the diameter of a circle or a circumscribed circle, the side length of an equilateral triangle or a square; if two dimension values are listed side by side, the first number indicates the height of the main part of the symbol, and the second number indicates the width of the main part of the symbol; the number at one end of a linear symbol, a single line refers to its thickness, and two parallel lines refer to the width of the thick line (streets refer to the width of its blank part). Dimension values that need to be specially marked on the symbol are indicated with dotted lines.
3.2.3 The thickness of the symbol's line strokes, the length of the line segments, the angle between intersecting line segments, etc., if not specified, shall be based on the symbols in this diagram. Generally, the line thickness is 0.15mm, the point diameter is 0.3mm, the line length of the non-main part of the symbol is 0.5mm, and the angle of the non-vertical crossing line segment is 45° or 60°
3.3 Positioning of symbols
3.3.1 If there is a point in the symbol graphic, the point is the actual center position of the feature. 3.3.2 For symbols such as circles, squares, rectangles, etc., the positioning point is at the center of their geometric graphics. GB/T20257.1—2017
The positioning point of wide-bottom symbols (yurts, smokestacks, water towers, etc.) is at the center of their bottom line. 3.3.4
Symbols with right angles at the bottom (windmills, road signs, independent trees, etc.) have their positioning points at the vertex of the right angle. 3.3.5
Symbols composed of several graphics (Aobao, churches, weather stations, etc.) have their positioning points at the center point or intersection of the graphics below them. Symbols without a bottom line (kilns, pavilions, caves, etc.) have their positioning points at the center point of the line connecting the two end points below them. 3.3.7
Other symbols not expressed to scale (bridges, sluice gates, dams, karst funnels, etc.) have their positioning points at the center point of their symbols. 3.3.8
Linear symbols (roads, rivers, etc.) have their positioning lines at the center axis of their symbols; when expressed to scale, at the center axis of the lines on both sides. 3.3.9Symbols are perpendicular to the southern outline except for those expressed in true direction as specified in the brief description. 3.4
Symbol configuration
3.4.1 Soil and vegetation symbols can be divided into three types according to their arrangement: a) Column type: arranged in certain rows and columns, such as nursery, grassland, economic forest, etc.; scattered type: arranged in non-certain rows and columns, such as small grass hills, shrubs, stone land, etc.; b)
Corresponding type: symbols are represented according to the density or position of the actual situation, such as vegetable forests, scattered trees, etc. When representing symbols, attention should be paid to showing their distribution c
characteristics.
Column type arrangement generally arranges symbols according to the intervals represented by the diagram. When the area is large, the symbol interval can be enlarged by 1 to 3 times. Under the principle of being able to express clearly, the annotation method can be used to express. It is also possible to not represent the most common symbol in the diagram, and add annotations to the diagram, but a diagram or a batch of diagrams should be unified.
Note: Configuration means that the symbols used are explanatory symbols and do not have positioning significance. Symbols are arranged in a scattered or complete manner within the distribution range of the features to indicate the category of the surface features.
3.4.2 Symbols represented by dashed and solid lines (mechanized farming roads, rural roads) are drawn according to the light and shadow rules, with dashed lines drawn in the bright part and solid lines drawn in the dark part. Generally, the direction of dashed and solid lines is changed at the intersection of residential areas, bridges, ferries, wading areas, culverts, tunnels or roads. e:
3.5 Symbol usage and requirements
3.5.1 In the diagram, unless otherwise specified, solid lines generally indicate the intersection of the outer contour of buildings and structures with the ground (except bridges, dams, sluice gates, and overhead pipelines), dashed lines indicate the projection of underground or overhead parts on the ground, and dotted lines indicate the land category range line and the boundary line of features. 3.5.2 The features expressed according to the scale are divided into the following forms: a) The outline of the feature is expressed according to the scale, and the color is added to its outline, such as rivers, lakes, etc.; or non-scale symbols and explanatory notes (or brief explanatory notes) are arranged at a moderate position within its outline as an explanation, such as wells, toll booths, etc. The brief explanatory notes are shown in Appendix A;
For the same type of surface-distributed features, explanatory symbols and notes are arranged in a row, hash or corresponding manner within their scope. If the boundary is obvious, the land class boundary is used to indicate its scope (such as economic forest land, etc.), and if the boundary is not obvious, the boundary is not indicated (such as sparse forest land, saline-alkali land, etc.);
c) The same features are distributed in adjacent groups, and their scope is indicated by land class boundaries. Non-scale symbols are arranged at a moderate position within their scope, such as open-air equipment, etc.: e
d) Real area For larger features, such as power plants, water plants, sewage treatment plants, universities, hospitals, amusement parks, parks, zoos, botanical gardens, golf courses, airports, etc., no symbols are specified in the diagram. The corresponding symbols 2
for fences, houses, internal roads, green spaces, etc. are used to represent the features, and the proprietary name annotations are added within their scope. GB/T20257.1—2017
3.5.3 When two features overlap or intersect in three dimensions, the part of the lower layer covered by the upper layer is disconnected according to the projection principle, and the upper layer remains intact. 3.5.4 The sizes of various symbols are specified according to the map sheet with medium density content of the topographic map. In order to make the topographic map clear and easy to read, in addition to allowing symbols to cross and combine, the interval between each symbol (including the interval between the outline and the configured non-scale symbol) should generally not be less than 0.3mm. If the density of features in some areas is too large and cannot be accommodated on the map, it is allowed to slightly reduce the size of the symbol (the reduction rate is not more than 0.8) or move the secondary feature symbol. When the symbols of linear features represented by double lines are very close to each other, they can be represented by collinearity. When point features overlap with other features such as houses, roads, and water systems, the symbols of other features can be interrupted with a spacing of 0.3mm to maintain the integrity of independent symbols. 3.5.5 For some buildings and structures on the ground, for which there are no symbols specified in the diagram and it is inconvenient to classify them, the outline or range of the object can be represented and annotated. The outline of the feature is represented by a 0.15mm solid line, and the distribution range line of the feature and the land class boundary are represented by the land class boundary symbol.
3.5.6 In the soil and vegetation symbol column of this diagram, those with dotted lines indicate that the field range line should be represented by the land class boundary symbol; those with solid lines indicate that the range line is not represented and the symbol is only configured within the range. 3.5.7 The numerical notes such as width, depth, and relative height next to the symbol are generally marked to 0.1m. For various numerical descriptions, unless otherwise specified, "greater than" includes the number itself (such as greater than 3m, including 3m), and "less than" does not include the number itself. The meanings of "above" and "below" in various symbol level descriptions are the same as above. 3.5.8 See Appendix B for examples of symbol representation and coordination. 3.6 Topographic map framing and gallery decoration
Topographic map framing and numbering shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T13989. Gallery decoration is shown in Appendix C.
3.7 Topographic map color
1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 Topographic maps can be multi-color or monochromatic as required. Multi-color maps use cyan, magenta, yellow and black (CMYK) four colors, and are separated according to the specified color values3
GB/T 20257.1—2017
4Symbols and annotations
Symbol name
Positioning basis
Triangulation point
a. On the mound
Zhangwanling, Huangtugang 1
156.718,203.623
5.0—relative height
Small triangulation point
a. On the mound
Motianling, Zhangzhuang 1
294.91,156.71
4.0——relative height
Traverse point
a, on the mound
116, 123——level,
84.46. 94.40
Burial stone control point
a, on the mound
12.16——Point number
275.46, 175.64
2.5——Specific height
Non-burial stone control point
19—Point number
84.47—Elevation
1:500
Symbol style
1:1000
Yanwanleng
Huangerrou
1:2000
Symbol detail drawing
Color value of multi-color drawing
4.1 Positioning basis
Brief description
GB/T 20257.1—2017
Includes mathematical foundations and survey control points. The mathematical foundation mainly refers to map outlines, longitude and latitude lines, coordinate grid lines, etc., and their representation methods are shown in Appendix C. The geometric center of each survey control point symbol on the map indicates the center position of the survey control point mark on the ground; the elevation note next to the symbol indicates the elevation of the top surface of the field mark or the top surface of the wooden stake. For survey control points that are marked completely, in addition to the control point symbols, the name (or point number) and elevation of the control point should also be noted on the map. The point name and elevation are expressed in the form of a fraction, with the numerator being the point name (or point number) and the denominator being the elevation. The point name and elevation are generally noted on the right side of the symbol (when there is a relative height, the relative height is noted on the left side of the symbol). Leveling points and latitude and longitude The elevation of the triangulated points of the leveling joint survey is generally noted to 0.001m, and the elevation measured by trigonometric height is noted to 0.01m.
When using independent features such as smokestacks and water towers as survey control points, when the features are represented by contour graphics according to the scale, and when the control point symbols can be accommodated in the contour graphics, the control point symbols can be drawn at the actual position in the graphics, and the corresponding feature symbols are not represented, but the control point name (or point number) and the feature name must be noted, such as 琉璃遵随（水拥】; When the features cannot be represented according to the scale, in addition to indicating the corresponding 156.71
feature symbol, noting the name and elevation of the survey control point, the category of the survey control point should also be noted, such as立建院务產!156.71
Survey control points located on the house should be represented by the control point symbol at the actual position of the house symbol, and the point name should be noted. 4.1.1 National level triangulation points and precision traverse points determined by triangulation or precision traverse methods. Points located on earth piles and earth piles that cannot be represented to scale are indicated by the symbol a. 4.1.2 Small triangulation points with an angle measurement accuracy of 5\ or 10\ and other control points with the same accuracy. Those located on the main pile and the pile cannot be represented according to the scale are indicated by the symbol a. 4.1.3 Control points measured by the wire survey method. Secondary and tertiary wire points are all indicated by this symbol. Those located on the pile and the pile cannot be represented according to the scale are indicated by the symbol a. 4.1.4 Geomatic points with buried stones or marks chiseled on natural rocks and lower accuracy than small triangulation points. Those located on the pile and the pile cannot be represented according to the scale are indicated by the symbol a. 4.1.5 Geomatic points without buried stones are indicated according to the needs of the map. GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Leveling point
Ⅱ—Grade
Beijing-Shijiazhuang 5—Point name and number
32.805—Elevation
Satellite positioning continuous operation
14—Point number
495.266—Elevation
Satellite positioning grade point
B—Grade||t t||14—Point number
495.263——Elevation
Independent astronomical point
Zhaobi Mountain Point Name
24.54——Elevation
Surface river
a. Shoreline (normal water level shoreline,
measured shoreline)
b. High water level shoreline (high water boundary)
Qingjiang River——River name
Underground river section and water Outflow
a.Underground river section with unknown flow path
b.Underground river section with known flow path
c.Water outflow population
Disappearing river section
Seasonal river
a, no fixed water edge
(7—9)—
Month with water
Symbol style
1:1000
Jingshi 5
Jianlu Mountain
1:2000
Symbol details
Color values of multicolor
a,c100
Color C10
M40Y100K30
Color C10
Color C10
Color C10
Brief description
5National level elevation control points determined by leveling methods. 4.1.7
A-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.8
3B, C, D, E-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.9Control points whose geographic coordinates and azimuth are directly determined by astronomical observation methods. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols. 4.2 Water system
Includes rivers, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, oceans, water conservancy elements and ancillary facilities. 4.2.1 Natural rivers on the ground with water all year round. a. Shoreline
GB/T20257.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level shoreline and measured shoreline: the normal water level shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land for most of the time, also known as the water edge line. The measured shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land when photographing or mapping on the spot. The shoreline of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally the measured shoreline. The measured shoreline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the dry or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level shoreline, the normal water level shoreline should be used for measurement. When the projected distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by the steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluice gates, and houses.
When the river width is less than 0.5mm on the map, it is indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves less than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the water edge map can be appropriately integrated. b. High water level shoreline
The high water level shoreline is the boundary between the high water surface and the land in the rainy season, also known as the high water boundary. When the width between the shoreline and the high water boundary is greater than 3mm, it is indicated by the corresponding beach (see 4.2.29) and vegetation symbols, and contour lines should be added; when the high water boundary coincides with the embankment and steep bank, the high water boundary is omitted. 4.2.2 The river section where the river flows underground, and the entrance and exit of the water flow on the ground. Its arc symbol indicates the location of the water flow entrance and exit. When the river width at the entrance and exit is less than 3.0mm on the map, the radius of the entrance and exit symbol is represented by the river width d. If the river width at the exit is greater than 3.0mm, the shape of the entrance and exit is represented according to the scale. When a river flows through a cave, it is represented by a cave symbol.
4.2.3 When a river flows through swamps, sandy land and other areas, there is no obvious riverbed or the surface water flow disappears. If the length of the section on the map is greater than 4mm, it should be represented.
4.2.4 Natural rivers with seasonal water.
The upper boundary of its new sediment (silt) is the seasonal river bank line (unfixed water edge line), and the water month is added. Seasonal rivers with a width of less than 0.5mm on the map are represented by a single dotted line with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. The length of the real part of the symbol can be gradually changed to 0.5mm~3.0mm according to the length of the river, and the blank part is gradually changed to 0.3mm~1.0mm. 7
GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Dry riverbed (dry wine river)
a. Below the ground
b. Above the ground
a. Reinforced
b. Unreinforced
2.6——Specific height
Underground channel, culvert
a, outlet
Kanez
Water conveyance aqueduct (viaduct)
Water conveyance tunnel
Inverted siphon
Symbol style
1:1000
1:2000
Symbol detail
Color value of multicolor
M40Y100K30
Surface color C10
Surface color C10
Brief description
4.2.5 A riverbed with water for a short period of time after precipitation or snowmelt or a river channel left after a river is diverted. GB/T20257.1—2017
Dry riverbeds are indicated by dotted lines; riverbeds with a width greater than 3mm on the map should be indicated by corresponding soil symbols, and those greater than 5mm should be indicated by contour lines.
4.2.6 The width of artificial waterways and canals that are dug across river basins and can be used for water diversion and navigation should be determined on the map based on the distance between the edges on the actual sill. If the canal has a name, the name shall be added. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project shall also be represented by this symbol, and the corresponding name or the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" shall be added. 4.2.7 For artificially constructed waterways for irrigation, water diversion and drainage, the representation on the map shall be determined according to the distance between the edges on the actual sill. On the map, those with a width greater than 0.5 mm shall be represented by double lines and the name shall be noted; those with a width less than 0.5 mm shall be represented by single lines. Each ditch shall be marked with a flow direction symbol. Ditches for drainage and drainage shall be marked with the word "排". The embankments on both sides of the ditch shall be represented by embankments or reinforced banks. For the coordination of ditches, embankments and trenches, please refer to Appendix B. Ditches with a bottom higher than the ground shall be represented by symbol b; the source of the irrigation canal system, the head of the waterway with elevated waterways and pumping equipment, shall be represented by symbol c.
4.2.8 The ditch passes through high ground or mountain passes and is artificially excavated to form a section with very steep slopes on both sides. The steep slope symbol is used for slopes greater than 70°, and the slope symbol is used for slopes less than 70°. When the length on the map is greater than 5mm and the specific height is greater than 0.5m (the specific height of the 2m contour interval map is greater than 1m), it should be indicated; when the specific height is greater than 1 contour interval, the specific height should be appropriately filled.
4.2.9 A waterway built under the ground with outlets at a certain distance. The position of the outlet is measured on the map.
4.2.10 In arid areas, underground water and snow water are used, and underground culverts connected to them by vertical shafts are measured on the map. The word "abandoned" is added to abandoned karez. 4.2.11 Bridge-type water conveyance facilities such as troughs or water pipes that cross valleys, roads or ditches. Water conveyance aqueducts are indicated by double lines, and the distance between the double lines is not less than 0.5mm. The name is added if there is a proprietary name, and the word "abandoned" is added to abandoned water conveyance aqueducts.
4.2.12 Water channel facilities built in the mountains or underground. The symbols of water outflow are shown in 4.2.2.
4.2.13 When the channel intersects with the railway, highway, river, etc., a siphon-type water channel is set up under the road or underwater. The inlet and outlet are indicated according to the actual situation.5 The topographic points without buried stones are indicated according to the needs of the map. GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Level point
Ⅱ—Grade
Beijing-Shi 5——Point name and number
32.805——Elevation
Satellite positioning continuous operation
14——Point number
495.266—Elevation
Satellite positioning grade point
B—Grade||t t||14—Point number
495.263——Elevation
Independent astronomical point
Zhaobi Mountain Point Name
24.54——Elevation
Surface river
a. Shoreline (normal water level shoreline,
measured shoreline)
b. High water level shoreline (high water boundary)
Qingjiang River——River name
Underground river section and water Outflow
a.Underground river section with unknown flow path
b.Underground river section with known flow path
c.Water outflow population
Disappearing river section
Seasonal river
a, no fixed water edge
(7—9)—
Month with water
Symbol style
1:1000
Jingshi 5
Jianlu Mountain
1:2000
Symbol details
Color values of multicolor
a,c100
Color C10
M40Y100K30
Color C10
Color C10
Color C10
Brief description
5National level elevation control points determined by leveling methods. 4.1.7
A-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.8
3B, C, D, E-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.9Control points whose geographic coordinates and azimuth are directly determined by astronomical observation methods. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols. 4.2 Water system
Includes rivers, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, oceans, water conservancy elements and ancillary facilities. 4.2.1 Natural rivers on the ground with water all year round. a. Shoreline
GB/T20257.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level shoreline and measured shoreline: the normal water level shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land for most of the time, also known as the water edge line. The measured shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land when photographing or mapping on the spot. The shoreline of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally the measured shoreline. The measured shoreline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the dry or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level shoreline, the normal water level shoreline should be used for measurement. When the projected distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by the steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluice gates, and houses.
When the river width is less than 0.5mm on the map, it is indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves less than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the water edge map can be appropriately integrated. b. High water level shoreline
The high water level shoreline is the boundary between the high water surface and the land in the rainy season, also known as the high water boundary. When the width between the shoreline and the high water boundary is greater than 3mm, it is indicated by the corresponding beach (see 4.2.29) and vegetation symbols, and contour lines should be added; when the high water boundary coincides with the embankment and steep bank, the high water boundary is omitted. 4.2.2 The river section where the river flows underground, and the entrance and exit of the water flow on the ground. Its arc symbol indicates the location of the water flow entrance and exit. When the river width at the entrance and exit is less than 3.0mm on the map, the radius of the entrance and exit symbol is represented by the river width d. If the river width at the exit is greater than 3.0mm, the shape of the entrance and exit is represented according to the scale. When a river flows through a cave, it is represented by a cave symbol.
4.2.3 When a river flows through swamps, sandy land and other areas, there is no obvious riverbed or the surface water flow disappears. If the length of the section on the map is greater than 4mm, it should be represented.
4.2.4 Natural rivers with seasonal water.
The upper boundary of its new sediment (silt) is the seasonal river bank line (unfixed water edge line), and the water month is added. Seasonal rivers with a width of less than 0.5mm on the map are represented by a single dotted line with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. The length of the real part of the symbol can be gradually changed to 0.5mm~3.0mm according to the length of the river, and the blank part is gradually changed to 0.3mm~1.0mm. 7
GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Dry riverbed (dry wine river)
a. Below the ground
b. Above the ground
a. Reinforced
b. Unreinforced
2.6——Specific height
Underground channel, culvert
a, outlet
Kanez
Water conveyance aqueduct (viaduct)
Water conveyance tunnel
Inverted siphon
Symbol style
1:1000
1:2000
Symbol detail
Color value of multicolor
M40Y100K30
Surface color C10
Surface color C10
Brief description
4.2.5 A riverbed with water for a short period of time after precipitation or snowmelt or a river channel left after a river is diverted. GB/T20257.1—2017
Dry riverbeds are indicated by dotted lines; riverbeds with a width greater than 3mm on the map should be indicated by corresponding soil symbols, and those greater than 5mm should be indicated by contour lines.
4.2.6 The width of artificial waterways and canals that are dug across river basins and can be used for water diversion and navigation should be determined on the map based on the distance between the edges on the actual sill. If the canal has a name, the name shall be added. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project shall also be represented by this symbol and the corresponding name or the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" shall be added. 4.2.7 For artificially constructed waterways for irrigation, water diversion and drainage, the representation on the map shall be determined according to the distance between the edges on the actual sill. On the map, those with a width greater than 0.5 mm shall be represented by double lines and the name shall be noted; those with a width less than 0.5 mm shall be represented by single lines. Each ditch shall be marked with a flow direction symbol. Ditches for drainage and drainage shall be marked with the word "排". The embankments on both sides of the ditch shall be represented by embankments or reinforced banks. For the coordination of ditches, embankments and trenches, please refer to Appendix B. Ditches with a bottom higher than the ground shall be represented by symbol b; the source of the irrigation canal system, the head of the waterway with elevated waterways and pumping equipment, shall be represented by symbol c.
4.2.8 The ditch passes through high ground or mountain passes and is artificially excavated to form a section with very steep slopes on both sides. The steep slope symbol is used for slopes greater than 70°, and the slope symbol is used for slopes less than 70°. When the length on the map is greater than 5mm and the specific height is greater than 0.5m (the specific height of the 2m contour interval map is greater than 1m), it should be indicated; when the specific height is greater than 1 contour interval, the specific height should be appropriately filled.
4.2.9 A waterway built under the ground with outlets at a certain distance. The position of the outlet is measured on the map.
4.2.10 In arid areas, underground water and snow water are used, and underground culverts connected to them by vertical shafts are measured on the map. The word "abandoned" is added to abandoned karez. 4.2.11 Bridge-type water conveyance facilities such as troughs or water pipes that cross valleys, roads or ditches. Water conveyance aqueducts are indicated by double lines, and the distance between the double lines is not less than 0.5mm. The name is added if there is a proprietary name, and the word "abandoned" is added to abandoned water conveyance aqueducts.
4.2.12 Water channel facilities built in the mountains or underground. The symbols of water outflow are shown in 4.2.2.
4.2.13 When the channel intersects with the railway, highway, river, etc., a siphon-type water channel is set up under the road or underwater. The inlet and outlet are indicated according to the actual situation.5 The topographic points without buried stones are indicated according to the needs of the map. GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Level point
Ⅱ—Grade
Beijing-Shi 5——Point name and number
32.805——Elevation
Satellite positioning continuous operation
14——Point number
495.266—Elevation
Satellite positioning grade point
B—Grade||t t||14—Point number
495.263——Elevation
Independent astronomical point
Zhaobi Mountain Point Name
24.54——Elevation
Surface river
a. Shoreline (normal water level shoreline,
measured shoreline)
b. High water level shoreline (high water boundary)
Qingjiang River——River name
Underground river section and water Outflow
a.Underground river section with unknown flow path
b.Underground river section with known flow path
c.Water outflow population
Disappearing river section
Seasonal river
a, no fixed water edge
(7—9)—
Month with water
Symbol style
1:1000
Jingshi 5
Jianlu Mountain
1:2000
Symbol details
Color values of multicolor
a,c100
Color C10
M40Y100K30
Color C10
Color C10
Color C10
Brief description
5National level elevation control points determined by leveling methods. 4.1.7
A-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.8
3B, C, D, E-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) network points determined by satellite positioning technology. 4.1.9Control points whose geographic coordinates and azimuth are directly determined by astronomical observation methods. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols. 4.2 Water system
Includes rivers, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, oceans, water conservancy elements and ancillary facilities. 4.2.1 Natural rivers on the ground with water all year round. a. Shoreline
GB/T20257.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level shoreline and measured shoreline: the normal water level shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land for most of the time, also known as the water edge line. The measured shoreline is the boundary between the water surface and the land when photographing or mapping on the spot. The shoreline of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally the measured shoreline. The measured shoreline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the dry or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level shoreline, the normal water level shoreline should be used for measurement. When the projected distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by the steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluice gates, and houses.
When the river width is less than 0.5mm on the map, it is indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves less than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the water edge map can be appropriately integrated. b. High water level shoreline
The high water level shoreline is the boundary between the high water surface and the land in the rainy season, also known as the high water boundary. When the width between the shoreline and the high water boundary is greater than 3mm, it is indicated by the corresponding beach (see 4.2.29) and vegetation symbols, and contour lines should be added; when the high water boundary coincides with the embankment and steep bank, the high water boundary is omitted. 4.2.2 The river section where the river flows underground, and the entrance and exit of the water flow on the ground. Its arc symbol indicates the location of the water flow entrance and exit. When the river width at the entrance and exit is less than 3.0mm on the map, the radius of the entrance and exit symbol is represented by the river width d. If the river width at the exit is greater than 3.0mm, the shape of the entrance and exit is represented according to the scale. When a river flows through a cave, it is represented by a cave symbol.
4.2.3 When a river flows through swamps, sandy land and other areas, there is no obvious riverbed or the surface water flow disappears. If the length of the section on the map is greater than 4mm, it should be represented.
4.2.4 Natural rivers with seasonal water.
The upper boundary of its new sediment (silt) is the seasonal river bank line (unfixed water edge line), and the water month is added. Seasonal rivers with a width of less than 0.5mm on the map are represented by a single dotted line with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. The length of the real part of the symbol can be gradually changed to 0.5mm~3.0mm according to the length of the river, and the blank part is gradually changed to 0.3mm~1.0mm. 7
GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Dry riverbed (dry wine river)
a. Below the ground
b. Above the ground
a. Reinforced
b. Unreinforced
2.6——Specific height
Underground channel, culvert
a, outlet
Kanez
Water conveyance aqueduct (viaduct)
Water conveyance tunnel
Inverted siphon
Symbol style
1:1000
1:2000
Symbol detail
Color value of multicolor
M40Y100K30
Surface color C10
Surface color C10
Brief description
4.2.5 A riverbed with water for a short period of time after precipitation or snowmelt or a river channel left after a river is diverted. GB/T20257.1—2017
Dry riverbeds are indicated by dotted lines; riverbeds with a width greater than 3mm on the map should be indicated by corresponding soil symbols, and those greater than 5mm should be indicated by contour lines.
4.2.6 The width of artificial waterways and canals that are dug across river basins and can be used for water diversion and navigation should be determined on the map based on the distance between the edges on the actual sill. If the canal has a name, the name shall be added. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project shall also be represented by this symbol and the corresponding name or the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" shall be added. 4.2.7 For artificially constructed waterways for irrigation, water diversion and drainage, the representation on the map shall be determined according to the distance between the edges on the actual sill. On the map, those with a width greater than 0.5 mm shall be represented by double lines and the name shall be noted; those with a width less than 0.5 mm shall be represented by single lines. Each ditch shall be marked with a flow direction symbol. Ditches for drainage and drainage shall be marked with the word "排". The embankments on both sides of the ditch shall be represented by embankments or reinforced banks. For the coordination of ditches, embankments and trenches, please refer to Appendix B. Ditches with a bottom higher than the ground shall be represented by symbol b; the source of the irrigation canal system, the head of the waterway with elevated waterways and pumping equipment, shall be represented by symbol c.
4.2.8 The ditch passes through high ground or mountain passes and is artificially excavated to form a section with very steep slopes on both sides. The steep slope symbol is used for slopes greater than 70°, and the slope symbol is used for slopes less than 70°. When the length on the map is greater than 5mm and the specific height is greater than 0.5m (the specific height of the 2m contour interval map is greater than 1m), it should be indicated; when the specific height is greater than 1 contour interval, the specific height should be appropriately filled.
4.2.9 A waterway built under the ground with outlets at a certain distance. The position of the outlet is measured on the map.
4.2.10 In arid areas, underground water and snow water are used, and underground culverts connected to them by vertical shafts are measured on the map. The word "abandoned" is added to abandoned karez. 4.2.11 Bridge-type water conveyance facilities such as troughs or water pipes that cross valleys, roads or ditches. Water conveyance aqueducts are indicated by double lines, and the distance between the double lines is not less than 0.5mm. The name is added if there is a proprietary name, and the word "abandoned" is added to abandoned water conveyance aqueducts.
4.2.12 Water channel facilities built in the mountains or underground. The symbols of water outflow are shown in 4.2.2.
4.2.13 When the channel intersects with the railway, highway, river, etc., a siphon-type water channel is set up under the road or underwater. The inlet and outlet are indicated according to the actual situation.Water outflow population
Disappearing river section
Seasonal river
a, uncertain water edge
(7—9)—
Water months
Symbol style
1:1000
Jingshi 5
Jianlu Mountain
1:2000
Symbol detail map
Multicolor map color value
a,c100www.bzxz.net
Faces color C10
M40Y100K30
Faces color C10
Faces color C10
Faces color C10
Brief description
5National level elevation control points determined by leveling method. 4.1.7
A-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) points measured using satellite positioning technology. 4.1.8
3B, C, D, E-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) points measured using satellite positioning technology. 4.1.9Control points whose geographic coordinates and azimuths are directly measured using astronomical observation methods. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols. 4.2Water system
Includes rivers, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, oceans, water conservancy elements and ancillary facilities. 4.2.1Natural rivers on the ground with water all year round. a.Coastline
GB/T20257.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level coastline and measured coastline: Normal water level coastline is the perennial coastline, the boundary between the water surface and the land, also known as the water edge line. The measured coastline is the boundary between the stable water surface and the land during most of the time; the measured coastline is the boundary between the water surface and the land during photography or field mapping. The coastline of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs is generally the measured coastline. The measured coastline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the low water or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level coastline, the normal water level coastline should be used for measurement. When the projection distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by a steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluices, and houses.
River widths less than 0.5mm on the map are indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves less than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the water edge map can be appropriately integrated. b. High-water shoreline
The high-water shoreline is the boundary between the high water level and the land in the rainy season, also known as the high-water boundary. When the width between the shoreline and the high-water boundary is greater than 3mm, it shall be indicated by the corresponding shore beach (see 4.2.29) and vegetation symbols, and contour lines shall be drawn; when the high-water boundary coincides with the embankment or steep bank, the high-water boundary shall be omitted. 4.2.2 The river section where the river flows underground, and the entrance and exit of the water flow on the ground. Its arc symbol indicates the position of the entrance and exit of the water flow. When the river width at the entrance and exit is less than 3.0mm on the map, the radius of the entrance and exit symbol is indicated by the river width d. If the river width at the exit is greater than 3.0mm, the shape of the entrance and exit is indicated according to the scale. When the river flows through a cave, it shall be indicated by a cave symbol.
4.2.3 When the river flows through swamps, sandy land and other areas, and there is no obvious riverbed or the surface water flow disappears, the length on the map shall be greater than 4mm.
4.2.4 Natural rivers with seasonal water.
The upper boundary of its new sediment (silt) is the seasonal river bank line (not fixed water edge line), and the water month is added. Seasonal rivers with a width less than 0.5mm on the map are represented by a single dotted line with a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.5mm. The length of the real part of the symbol can be gradually changed to 0.5mm~3.0mm according to the length of the river, and the blank part can be gradually changed to 0.3mm~1.0mm. 7
GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Dry riverbed (dry wine river)
a. Below the ground
b. Above the ground
a. Reinforced
b. Unreinforced
2.6——Specific height
Underground channel, culvert
a, outlet
Kanez
Water conveyance aqueduct (viaduct)
Water conveyance tunnel
Inverted siphon
Symbol style
1:1000
1:2000
Symbol detail
Color value of multicolor
M40Y100K30
Surface color C10
Surface color C10
Brief description
4.2.5 A riverbed with water for a short period of time after precipitation or snowmelt or a river channel left after a river is diverted. GB/T20257.1—2017
Dry riverbeds are indicated by dotted lines; riverbeds with a width greater than 3mm on the map should be indicated by corresponding soil symbols, and those greater than 5mm should be indicated by contour lines.
4.2.6 The width of artificial waterways and canals that are dug across river basins and can be used for water diversion and navigation should be determined on the map based on the distance between the edges on the actual sill. If the canal has a name, the name shall be added. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project shall also be represented by this symbol and the corresponding name or the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" shall be added. 4.2.7 For artificially constructed waterways for irrigation, water diversion and drainage, the representation on the map shall be determined according to the distance between the edges on the actual sill. On the map, those with a width greater than 0.5 mm shall be represented by double lines and the name shall be noted; those with a width less than 0.5 mm shall be represented by single lines. Each ditch shall be marked with a flow direction symbol. Ditches for drainage and drainage shall be marked with the word "排". The embankments on both sides of the ditch shall be represented by embankments or reinforced banks. For the coordination of ditches, embankments and trenches, please refer to Appendix B. Ditches with a bottom higher than the ground shall be represented by symbol b; the source of the irrigation canal system, the head of the waterway with elevated waterways and pumping equipment, shall be represented by symbol c.
4.2.8 The ditch passes through high ground or mountain passes and is artificially excavated to form a section with very steep slopes on both sides. The steep slope symbol is used for slopes greater than 70°, and the slope symbol is used for slopes less than 70°. When the length on the map is greater than 5mm and the specific height is greater than 0.5m (the specific height of the 2m contour interval map is greater than 1m), it should be indicated; when the specific height is greater than 1 contour interval, the specific height should be appropriately filled.
4.2.9 A waterway built under the ground with outlets at a certain distance. The position of the outlet is measured on the map.
4.2.10 In arid areas, underground water and snow water are used, and underground culverts connected to them by vertical shafts are measured on the map. The word "abandoned" is added to abandoned karez. 4.2.11 Bridge-type water conveyance facilities such as troughs or water pipes that cross valleys, roads or ditches. Water conveyance aqueducts are indicated by double lines, and the distance between the double lines is not less than 0.5mm. The name is added if there is a proprietary name, and the word "abandoned" is added to abandoned water conveyance aqueducts.
4.2.12 Water channel facilities built in the mountains or underground. The symbols of water outflow are shown in 4.2.2.
4.2.13 When the channel intersects with the railway, highway, river, etc., a siphon-type water channel is set up under the road or underwater. The inlet and outlet are indicated according to the actual situation.Water outflow population
Disappearing river section
Seasonal river
a, uncertain water edge
(7—9)—
Water months
Symbol style
1:1000
Jingshi 5
Jianlu Mountain
1:2000
Symbol detail map
Multicolor map color value
a,c100
Faces color C10
M40Y100K30
Faces color C10
Faces color C10
Faces color C10
Brief description
5National level elevation control points determined by leveling method. 4.1.7
A-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) points measured using satellite positioning technology. 4.1.8
3B, C, D, E-level global navigation satellite system (GNSS) points measured using satellite positioning technology. 4.1.9Control points whose geographic coordinates and azimuths are directly measured using astronomical observation methods. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols. 4.2Water system
Includes rivers, ditches, lakes, reservoirs, oceans, water conservancy elements and ancillary facilities. 4.2.1Natural rivers on the ground with water all year round. a.Coastline
GB/T20257.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level coastline and measured coastline: Normal water level coastline is the perennial coastline, the boundary between the water surface and the land, also known as the water edge line. The measured coastline is the boundary between the stable water surface and the land during most of the time; the measured coastline is the boundary between the water surface and the land during photography or field mapping. The coastline of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs is generally the measured coastline. The measured coastline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the low water or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level coastline, the normal water level coastline should be used for measurement. When the projection distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by a steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluices, and houses.
River widths less than 0.5mm on the map are indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves less than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the water edge map can be appropriately integrated. b. High-water shoreline
The high-water shoreline is the boundary between the high water level and the land in the rainy season, also known as the high-water boundary. When the width between the shoreline and the high-water boundary is greater than 3mm, it shall be indicated by the corresponding shore beach (see 4.2.29) and vegetation symbols, and contour lines shall be drawn; when the high-water boundary coincides with the embankment or steep bank, the high-water boundary shall be omitted. 4.2.2 The river section where the river flows underground, and the entrance and exit of the water flow on the ground. Its arc symbol indicates the position of the entrance and exit of the water flow. When the river width at the entrance and exit is less than 3.0mm on the map, the radius of the entrance and exit symbol is indicated by the river width d. If the river width at the exit is greater than 3.0mm, the shape of the entrance and exit is indicated according to the scale. When the river flows through a cave, it shall be indicated by a cave symbol.
4.2.3 When the river flows through swamps, sandy land and other areas, and there is no obvious riverbed or the surface water flow disappears, the length on the map shall be greater than 4mm.
4.2.4 Natural rivers with seasonal water.
The upper boundary of its new sediment (silt) is the seasonal river bank line (not fixed water edge line), and the water month is added. Seasonal rivers with a width less than 0.5mm on the map are represented by a single dotted line with a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.5mm. The length of the real part of the symbol can be gradually changed to 0.5mm~3.0mm according to the length of the river, and the blank part can be gradually changed to 0.3mm~1.0mm. 7
GB/T20257.1—2017
Symbol name
Dry riverbed (dry wine river)
a. Below the ground
b. Above the ground
a. Reinforced
b. Unreinforced
2.6——Specific height
Underground channel, culvert
a, outlet
Kanez
Water conveyance aqueduct (viaduct)
Water conveyance tunnel
Inverted siphon
Symbol style
1:1000
1:2000
Symbol detail
Color value of multicolor
M40Y100K30
Surface color C10
Surface color C10
Brief description
4.2.5 A riverbed with water for a short period of time after precipitation or snowmelt or a river channel left after a river is diverted. GB/T20257.1—2017
Dry riverbeds are indicated by dotted lines; riverbeds with a width greater than 3mm on the map should be indicated by corresponding soil symbols, and those greater than 5mm should be indicated by contour lines.
4.2.6 The width of artificial waterways and canals that are dug across river basins and can be used for water diversion and navigation should be determined on the map based on the distance between the edges on the actual sill. If the canal has a name, the name shall be added. The South-to-North Water Diversion Project shall also be represented by this symbol, and the corresponding name or the "South-to-North Water Diversion Project" shall be added. 4.2.7 For artificially constructed waterways for irrigation, water diversion and drainage, the representation on the map shall be determined according to the distance between the edges on the actual sill. On the map, those with a width greater than 0.5 mm shall be represented by double lines and the name shall be noted; those with a width less than 0.5 mm shall be represented by single lines. Each ditch shall be marked with a flow direction symbol. Ditches for drainage and drainage shall be marked with the word "排". The embankments on both sides of the ditch shall be represented by embankments or reinforced banks. For the coordination of ditches, embankments and trenches, please refer to Appendix B. Ditches with a bottom higher than the ground shall be represented by symbol b; the source of the irrigation canal system, the head of the waterway with elevated waterways and pumping equipment, shall be represented by symbol c.
4.2.8 The ditch passes through high ground or mountain passes and is artificially excavated to form a section with very steep slopes on both sides. The steep slope symbol is used for slopes greater than 70°, and the slope symbol is used for slopes less than 70°. When the length on the map is greater than 5mm and the specific height is greater than 0.5m (the specific height of the 2m contour interval map is greater than 1m), it should be indicated; when the specific height is greater than 1 contour interval, the specific height should be appropriately filled.
4.2.9 A waterway built under the ground with outlets at a certain distance. The position of the outlet is measured on the map.
4.2.10 In arid areas, underground water and snow water are used, and underground culverts connected to them by vertical shafts are measured on the map. The word "abandoned" is added to abandoned karez. 4.2.11 Bridge-type water conveyance facilities such as troughs or water pipes that cross valleys, roads or ditches. Water conveyance aqueducts are indicated by double lines, and the distance between the double lines is not less than 0.5mm. The name is added if there is a proprietary name, and the word "abandoned" is added to abandoned water conveyance aqueducts.
4.2.12 Water channel facilities built in the mountains or underground. The symbols of water outflow are shown in 4.2.2.
4.2.13 When the channel intersects with the railway, highway, river, etc., a siphon-type water channel is set up under the road or underwater. The inlet and outlet are indicated according to the actual situation.1—2017
Generally divided into normal water level coastline and measured coastline: the normal water level coastline is the boundary between the water surface and the land, also known as the water edge line. The stable water surface and the land boundary for most of the time; the measured coastline is the boundary between the water surface and the land when photographing or mapping on the spot. The coastline of rivers, lakes and reservoirs is generally the measured coastline. The measured coastline should be annotated with the date of aerial photography or mapping in the notes outside the map outline. If the photography or mapping time is the low water or flood season, and the measured water level is very different from the normal water level coastline, the normal water level coastline should be used for measurement. When the projection distance between the water edge line and the steep slope line on the map is less than 1mm, it is indicated by the steep slope symbol. It should be interrupted when encountering overhead buildings such as bridges, dams, sluices, and houses.
River widths less than 0.5mm on the map are indicated by a single line gradient with a line thickness of 0.1mm~0.5mm. Curves smaller than 0.5mm×0.6mm on the waterfront map can be appropriately integrated. b. High-water shoreline
The high-water shoreline is the boundary between the high water surface and the land in the rainy season, also known as
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