Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Printing specifications for charts
Printing specifications for chartsSubject content and scope of application
GR/T 14477 93
The standard specifies the quality standards for chart copying, tide plate, plate repair, plate making, proofing, printing and printing, production process and operating procedures. This standard is suitable for the printing of Sichuan navigation charts, vehicle charts, international ship charts, hyperbolic grid charts, business charts, sea area charts, other special charts and chart collections, navigation tables, etc. 2 Reference standards
GB985 Technical terms for printing
GB5698 Color certification
Chart format and size
GB12317 Chart format
GB12318 Nautical chart compilation and drawing specifications
GB12319 Chinese nautical chart format
(B12320 Chinese nautical chart compilation and drawing specifications
3 General provisions
3.1 Approval authority for chart printing
3.1.1 All nautical charts must be approved by the management department before printing and shall be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations. Printing, deletion and reproduction shall not be allowed without approval. 312 All charts with national boundaries shall be Proofing must be submitted to other departments for approval before printing. 3.2 Chart printing colors and color scales
3.2.1 Chart printing colors shall be determined according to the corresponding drawing specifications (drawing plan). 3.2.2 Chart printing color scales shall be printed according to Appendix A. 3.2.3 The marking of chart color scales shall be in accordance with the corresponding drawing regulations. 3.3 Basic requirements for printed map quality
3.3.1 The printed map must be clear and solid, with full and even color, complete annotations, clear and lively graphics, and the matching accuracy must meet the requirements. 3.3.2 All elements in the map must be consistent with the original printed map. If any errors or omissions are found, the map-making unit should modify the printed map. If the changes are major, a separate plate should be made.
3.4 Basic requirements for quality inspection
3.4.1 Quality inspection of nautical chart printing is an important step in ensuring the quality of finished charts. It must be carried out throughout the entire printing production process. Each printing factory should set up a special inspection agency or full-time inspectors.
3.4.2 Quality inspection should establish a system that integrates the inspection process, the next inspection process and the special inspection process. The division of labor should be clear and each product should be in a good working style.
3.4.3 The finished products or semi-finished products of the next process should be strictly inspected. If they are found not to meet the quality requirements, they should be returned. 3.4.4 The inspection quality indicators shall be based on the following inspection instruments. The accuracy shall be based on the line ruler.
The density shall be based on the specified reflectometer and transmission densitometer. State Bureau of Technical Supervision, 1993-06-(9), approved on 1994-02-{1 Implementation
Concentration shall be based on the weight of the printed image.
Deformation rate shall be based on the standard formulated by the manufacturer. GB 7 T 14477--93
Line and dot enlargement values shall be based on 14-step gradient and precision signal bars. Color difference shall be based on color difference.
4 Chart printing process design
4.1 Acceptance of original printing images
Acceptance of original printing images is an important part of the chart plate making and printing process. Its quality directly affects the quality of the finished image. Printed images that do not meet the quality requirements shall not be accepted. 4.1.1 Quality requirements for acceptance of printed original drawings: a. The blue background of the printed original drawing should be light, the drawing should not be blue or fat, and the drawing surface should be neat. b. All elements inside and outside the drawing should be complete, all kinds of notes, symbols, drawings and drawings should be intact, the pasting should be firm and flat, and the white margin left by cutting and pasting should not be less than 0.2mm
c. All elements on the drawing should be smooth and solid, not gray or shady, and the ink color should be black and full. The thinnest line and note should not be less than 0.08mm. The height of the distance between two adjacent lines should not be less than 0.2mm. d. All kinds of standard lines (angle lines, layout lines, word lines, cutting lines) are complete. e. The film layer of the original drawing must be thin, complete, without scratches, the velvet is scratched and smooth, the notes are clear, and the film layer is firmly pasted. The contrast of various continuous tone printing source images is moderate, the layers are rich, the paper is clean and has a strong sense of rest. The printed image is not less than the grade & according to the continuous tone grading scale.
. The general dyeing color range is complete and elegant. h. The layout of the service drawings of various nautical chart sets, single nautical charts and mosaics must meet the requirements of the above art design. 4.1.2 The color separation sample must meet the following requirements: The color separation sample must be made from the black sample copied from the printed original: and the proportion of the drawing must be accurate. b. The color separation sample should be clear and accurate, and the layered coloring should be clear and distinct. The color marking should meet the requirements of the art design: C. The color separation sample should be accurate, the color should be bright and obvious, and the contrast should be good. Strong, complete graphics, accurate rotation. Different color elements are parallel or intersecting, white edges should be left when separating colors. When separating colors, the colors of each element in the figure should be consistent with the color of the color separation legend outside the figure. The colors of various maps, nautical charts and spliced drawings should meet the design requirements. 4.1.3 When accepting the printed original map, check the accuracy of the scale. See Table 1 Table 1
Various nautical charts
The maximum difference between the actual scale and the theoretical scale 4.1.4 Acceptance of the attachments of the printed drawings. If they do not meet the requirements, they will not be accepted. The attachments include the following: a. The approval document of the publishing unit or the competent department for printing. b. The design instructions for the drawing process of the commissioned printing unit. c. Color separation samples, coloring samples and printing color standards. d. The design samples of the layout of the nautical chart collection and navigation books. e. Other documents related to the printing of nautical charts. Process design
4.2.1 Design principles
Image splicing and splicing trace
Allow the maximum error
And: The process design must clearly define the following contents: task name, operation method (including typesetting method), process flow, technical implementation and special process resistance.
b. The process design plan must be formulated according to the equipment conditions, production capacity, process technology level, materials and material specifications of the printing factory
G87 T 1447793
C. Comprehensive research must be conducted on the types and properties of the original printing images, the publishing requirements and their characteristics, and a process design plan that conforms to reality must be formulated.
4.2.2 Principles of imposition
a. When imposing, images with the same number of prints, color type, number of colors, and color layers must be put together according to the requirements of the user unit. b. The imposition area must not exceed the effective printing area, and appropriate image margins must be left on the four sides. C. Images with the same scale and images with similar matching accuracy and the degree of complexity of each element must be put together. For images with high matching accuracy, they must be placed on the edge close to the corner, and for images with strict matching accuracy requirements, they must be placed in the middle of the corner, and must not be placed at both ends.
e. Images with different screen angles should be put together. f. -Generally speaking, the drawings drawn on the plate shall not be combined with the drawings engraved (drawn) on the plate: the same printing color, the drawings with large elements shall not be combined with the drawings with small elements; when the atlas is printed on one side, it shall be folded into a single sheet, and the principles of imposition are the same as those of single-sheet atlas; the atlas printed on both sides shall be reduced in size according to the folding method, and the arrangement of the drawings shall be in accordance with the page number imposition. Before imposition, the accurate layout and imposition rules must be designed: prepare the imposition sheet and the red film, and use the punching positioning machine to punch 4.2.3 Color sequence of map printing
Generally speaking, the color sequence of map printing is black, yellow, purple, blue and other colors 4.2.4 Filling in the work notice
4.2.4.1 The format of the work notice shall be formulated by each printing factory. 4.2.4.2 The work notification sheet shall include the following contents: a. The printing unit, book name and number, confidentiality level, etc. b. Layout design, map size, number of prints, color, number of colors, edition, paper type, binding signature. e. The plate making and printing scheme adopted.
d. Time limit for completion and technical requirements, etc.
4.2.4.3 When filling in, the wording should be accurate, no generalizations should be made, the font should be clear and neat, and the content should be concise. 4.2.4.4 For urgent tasks, the time limit for completion of each process should be indicated on the work notification sheet, and the word "urgent" should be indicated. 5 Sea Chart Reproduction
5.1 Quality Standards for Reproduction of Sea Charts
5.1.1 Accuracy requirements for reproduction of negatives:
a. See Table 2 for accuracy requirements for reproduction of various maps. 2. The actual size and theoretical size of various nautical charts and nautical chart collections are not allowed to have the maximum error value. The maximum error value of the diagonal line of multiple spliced pictures or the corresponding side length of each plate of the split-plate flow (engraving) drawing is 0.2. b. For the blueprint negatives used for map compilation and collage, the outline size can be smaller than the theoretical size, and the error shall not exceed 3%. The size of each negative of the split-plate clear (engraved) nautical chart shall be based on the black plate. The same direction matching error shall not exceed 10.2mm. d. The line and dot expansion value of the negative film shall not exceed 10%. 5:1.2 Quality requirements for negative films:
a. The negative film is not shipped, with few scratches, no scars, good contrast, transparent and smooth elements, clear annotations, complete graphics, and all kinds of regular lines are neat.
GB/T 14477-93
b. The density D of the line film is not less than 3.0, the gray fog D is not greater than 0.1, and the density D of the blueprint negative film is not less than 2.0. c. The color separation is thick, and the degree D should be within the range of 0.2 to [.7. d. For the electric color separation, the density D is not less than 4.0, the clarity is not lower than the original, the color correction is consistent with the original, and the neutral gray is balanced.
e color separation copy, color separation background, the color level should be consistent with the original manuscript; dark, medium and low tone levels should be consistent with the original manuscript,
5.1.3 Copy negative index
The copy negative that meets the quality standard is the genuine product, and the yellowing, scratches, sand holes, and opacity of individual elements of the negative film that do not affect the platemaking quality after repair are called secondary products, but the secondary products shall not exceed 5%. 5.2 Film copy operation procedures
5.2.1 Preparation before copy
5.2.11 According to the technical requirements of the work notice, according to the equipment and conditions, formulate a reasonable operation method, 5.2.1.2 Check and analyze the copy original. Only those that meet the quality standards can be copied. 5.2.1.3 Equipment Inspection and Storage wwW.bzxz.Net
a. Check whether the photocopier frame is level and stable, whether the inspection board, lens and manuscript frame are parallel and perpendicular to the machine plane.
h. Check the instrument part of the photocopier, whether the light source and suction positioning device are normal, whether the dark box, dark room and dark room are leaking, whether the color light of the gold lamp is outside the color range of the photosensitive film, and check whether the lens, prism, densitometer, color filter and screen are scratched or not. d. The photocopier curtain should be ventilated frequently and kept clean. The indoor temperature should be controlled between 18 and 25 degrees Celsius, and the relative humidity should be between 50% and 70%. 5.2.1.4 Preparation of Photosensitive Film
According to the characteristics, type and process plan of the original printing image, the corresponding model of photosensitive film should be selected. The following requirements must be met: 1. Select a photosensitive film with small elasticity of the film base and can meet the requirements of the accuracy of the nautical chart. 2. The types of photosensitive films that can meet the above performance are shown in Table 3. Table 3
Black and white lines
Continuous adjustment chart
5.2.2 Shadow check
Photosensitive film type
Color film, special hard positive color film
Color light range
sweet. Purple
Peripheral, purple, yellow, green
Visible light all
Through shadow check, make the graphic image on the shadow check plate clear, and the length of the outline side size meets the requirements of precision. Use an enterprise lamp
dark red shrimp
dark green lamp or gold
a. Before shadow check, wipe the glass of the original frame clean with absorbent cotton: the printed original should be placed in the middle of the manuscript frame and pressed flat. b. When retinoscopy, turn on the light source, set the lens aperture to the maximum, adjust the focus according to the size of the finished image to make the image clear, and use a linear ruler or a calibrated steel ruler to accurately measure the length of the image outline. c. After retinoscopy, adjust the aperture to the required position for exposure, fix the relevant parts of the machine, turn off the light source, aperture or cover the lens cap. 5.2.3 Loading the photosensitive film for exposure
a. Cutting: Cut according to the size of the original printed image, leaving four sides, and do not scratch the emulsion film surface when cutting. b. Loading: If the retinoscopy instrument has an air suction positioning device, place the film surface of the photosensitive film facing the lens to the corresponding pin and start the vacuum pump. If there is no air suction positioning device, two sloped separation clamps can be used to hold the photosensitive film. Accurately install the retinoscopy board (two pieces of glass should also be used for retinoscopy). c. Dawn light: Adjust the light position and distance, and the light incident angle is generally 45°. After the light source is stable, exposure is carried out. . The noise light time should be determined according to the quality of the original printing image, the circulation ratio, the light distance, the light source strength, the performance of the photosensitive film, the aperture size and the temperature.
GB / T 14477: : 93
e. First use a small piece for trial shooting, and then take a formal photo after obtaining the data. 5.2.4 Development
, according to the performance of the photosensitive film, choose a darkroom safe light, the developer temperature should be controlled between 18 and 20%, and the pH value should be 8 to 12b. Moisten the photosensitive film with water and place it in the developer with the film side facing up. Apply the developer on time to ensure uniform development. The developing time can be determined based on the developer's formula, temperature, newness, exposure amount and other factors. The developing time is usually 3 to 6 minutes. When the development is approaching the end time, it can be checked for a short time under a safelight. After confirming that it meets the quality standards, it should be quickly immersed in the stop solution for 10 to 20 seconds and fixed after washing. Developing solution formula:
Hard developer
Miel
Sodium sulfite anhydrous
Parabisphenol
Sodium sulfate anhydrous
Potassium bromide
Distilled water
1 000ml
Neutral developer
1000ml
Soft developer
1 000ml
Preparation method: Use about 800ml50c of hot water to dissolve each drug in the order of the formula, add water to 1000ml and filter it, 5.2.5 Fixing
Products - In general, an acidic hard film fixer should be used. During the fixing operation, the film should be turned over or the fixing tank should be shaken continuously. b. The liquid temperature should be controlled at 18-20℃, pHI value should be 6.7-7.0, and the fixing time should be no less than 15min. After fixing, the negative film should be fully washed under running water for no less than 30min, and gently wipe both sides with absorbent cotton and then dry. Fixing solution formula:
Acidic film fixing solution:
Sodium thiosulfate
Anhydrous sodium sulfite
Acetic acid 28%
Add water to
1 000ml
Preparation method: Use about 600ml of 50℃ hot water to dissolve sodium thiosulfate, and then dissolve each drug in order and add water to 1000ml for use.
5.2.6 Thinning; The negative film after fixing must be carefully checked. If there is fog, it can be reduced with potassium ferrocyanide and sodium thiosulfate solution, and then washed and dried.
Thinning formula:
Bleaching liquid:
Thinning liquid:
5.3 Screen attenuation operation procedures
5.3.1 Preparation before screen re-examination
The equipment is the same as 5.2.1.3.
Potassium ferric sulfate
Sodium thiosulfate
1000ml
1000ml
5.3.1.1 Source image inspection and analysis: Carry out necessary inspection on the quality of the original printing image, conduct careful test and analysis on the tone level of the continuous tone printing original image, and determine the operation plan for re-examination according to the requirements of the process design. 5.3.1.2 Screen preparation
GB/T 14477-93
a. According to the requirements of the process design, determine whether to use a contact screen or a projection screen. b. Preparation for contact with the screen: Before using the screen, check it. If there is dust, use a soft brush to remove it. Do not use too much force. When using it, place it gently. Do not twist or scratch the film surface. After use, place it flat in the box with lining paper and place it in a ventilated and dry place. Preparation of projection screen: Use lens paper or soft hair to remove surface dust. The screen must be placed flat in a box with soft paper. It is strictly forbidden to wipe it with a hand. If there is dirt, use absorbent cotton, sugarcane water and ethanol to gently wipe it, and then use deerskin to wipe off the residue. 5.3.2 Shadow inspection operation is the same as 5.2.2.
5.3.3 Screen installation
5.3.3.1 There are two types of screens: square and round: the installation method is different. a. Installation of square screen: The screen can be directly installed on the screen bracket of the photoreflector. Use a wedge ruler to check the distance between the screen and the shadow inspection electrode. The distance between the four sides must be consistent.
, Installation of circular screen: Installation must be done by two people. Install the bracket in the screen frame of the machine so that the two pulleys (spring-type and fixed pulley) are in the same plane. Insert the lower part of the screen into the sliding groove, then tilt the two spring pulleys at the upper end upward, put the screen straight, and gently put down the spring pulleys. Insert the screen into the pulley groove. Tighten the bolts of the safety device in time. e. Contact screen: When using, confirm the screen angle and film surface. After the film surface of the photosensitive film is relatively fitted with the film surface of the contact screen, put the back of the screen on the suction plate facing the lens, and start the suction device in the same direction. 5,3.4 Determination of screen spacing
a. Calculation method: Usually the screen spacing is calculated according to the public, and measured with a wedge ruler to make the distance between the screen and the four sides of the shadow plate consistent, and then check with a mouth.
bH measurement method: Generally, use a light of F:32 or 1:32~45. Move the screen back and forth, and observe it with a lens on the shadow plate. When the middle tone reaches 50% and its four corners are basically connected, the screen position is appropriate. After the center screen spacing is determined, the screen angle should be transferred to the specified position, the screen should be pushed out, and the shadow plate and the crank should be removed. 5.3.5 Bag film, exposure
a, the film loading and exposure operations are the same as 5.2.3. For the photosensitive film used for H-reproduction, the film should be free of streaks and scratches, smooth and clean, and the photosensitive emulsion layer should be consistent.
b. When using projection screen to copy, the screen should be gently pulled to the same position as the original screen when loading the film. c. When using contact screen to copy, the middle tone of the original image should be used for exposure with a medium aperture. d. The screen copy is usually done three times of flash exposure. The aperture exposure and the exposure time can be determined according to the contrast of the original image. Use medium and large aperture morning light first, and then use small aperture to fill in white light. In general, the ratio of the three exposure times is 10:5:1. 5.3.6 Development
The development operation is the same as 5.2.4. When the next film is used for re-photography, the image will appear in about 30 seconds under normal circumstances. The development is completed after 3 to 6 minutes. 5.3.7 Fixing: Its operation is the same as 5.2.5.
5.4 Color separation re-photography operation procedures
5.4.1 Preparation before color separation re-photography
5.4.1.1 Selection of color filters
There are many types of color filters. When re-photographing the color printed original image, the color filters to be selected are shown in Table 4. Table 4
Magenta plate
Cyan plate
Color filter
Transmitted color light
Blue, red, cyan
Green, yellow, cyan
Red, magenta,
Yellow, red, green
Absorbed color light
Red, green, yellow, black
Magenta, red, blue, black
Green, blue, back, black
Blue, black
Color separation film:
5.4.1.2 Before color separation, the color separation scheme should be analyzed and determined according to the color tone, level and technical requirements of the color printing original image. And the color standard and ladder ruler should be pasted on the image.
5.4.1.3 Selection of light source for color separation and re-illumination
GR/T 14477—93
Xenon lamps, drip lamps, iodine mirror lamps, etc. with large effective light quantity, good spectrum, stable light and color temperature of 5000~1000'K should be selected as the light source.
5.4.1.4 Selection of photosensitive film
According to the color tone and layer characteristics of the original manuscript, usually select soft, neutral and destructive color films with different contrast ratios. When re-illuminating red negative film and yellow negative film, positive color film can be selected. 5.4.2 Shadow inspection
Put the color print original on the manuscript stand, adjust the distance and angle of the light, and when re-illuminating, first hang the light color (yellow) film for focusing, measure the ruler, and then change the selected color film after the inspection. 5.4.3 Color separation re-photographing
5.4.3.1 Installing the photosensitive film and the screen
After the shadow test, place the photosensitive film and the screen opposite to each other, with the back of the screen facing the mirror or the suction plate. If there is no screen suction device, it can be placed between two glass blocks and installed on the predetermined position of the image receiving frame: (but when checking the shadow, the two glass blocks should also be separated) 5.4.3.2 Shooting the color separation negative film
a. When shooting, first install the color filter, adjust the aperture to 1:45 or F:32, and then take a photo. Then select the color filter of the device to shoot the four color separation negative films of yellow, magenta, red and black in sequence. b Before the formal shooting, shoot with a small piece of film first, and then perform color separation after obtaining the data: 5.4.3.3 Shooting the high light mask
According to the level of the original image and the requirements of the process plan, make the high light mask required by the mountain. 5.4.3.4 Take color correction mask
According to the original and color separation error, make color addition, subtraction or layer mask to correct the color difference. 5.4.3.5 The operation of the development is the same as 5.2.4, except that all light sources in the room should be turned off during development, and a timer or darkroom clock should be used for timing. The maximum temperature of the developing solution is 20-22°C, and the developing time is usually 5-7 minutes. 5.4.3.6 Fixing and washing
The fixing operation is the same as 5.2.5.
5.4.3.7 Copy the material
Hang each color separation negative film with the corresponding highlight mask and color correction mask together, and the total density D is not less than 1.9. A contact screen can be used for adding rigidity. The color correction angle should be changed according to the process design. The photosensitive material is a hard positive color sensitive film. The development is done with a hard developer. The temperature is controlled at 22-28, and the developing time is 5-7 minutes. 5.5 Electronic color separation scanning operation procedures
There are many types and models of electronic color separation machines used for plate making. This specification is based on the latest technology, the basic working procedures and operation procedures of laser screening electronic color separation machines. The data setting is based on SG-888-II type parameters, and does not include non-color structure part operations. 5.5.1 Pre-operation preparation
5.5.1.1 According to the laser performance and specifications of the machine, select ion or oxygen effect photosensitive film. Select and prepare developer and fixer according to the type and performance of the photosensitive film.
5.5.1.2 Before operation, the machine should be fully inspected, and then the power should be turned on for preheating, the time is about 40~60min, the indoor temperature is controlled at 21~25, and the relative humidity is 50%~70%.
5.5.1.3 Connect the auxiliary equipment power supply according to the requirements, fill the cooling water in the developer, open the filter water valve for flushing, and enter the operation program.
5.5.2 Setting technical data certification
5.5.2.1 The standard curve of the color separation machine is set to the neutral gray balance to achieve the correct color. Under normal circumstances, three lines should be set: one is the standard curve, the second is the light 5% curve, and the third is the heavy 5% curve. At the same time, enter the floppy disk as the basic storage data. 5.5.2.2 Check and adjust the gradation level
GB/T 14477-93
During the color separation process, the automatic electronic gray scale measurement should be carried out 2 to 3 times a week, and the measured data should be compared with the floppy disk input data. When it exceeds the set data by 2%, it should be adjusted and re-entered. In order to obtain correct color restoration. The electronic gray scale data setting table 5,
Electronic gray scale level
Dot%
Electronic gray scale level
Dot meter
5.5.2.3 Setting magnification and aperture
The aperture of the electronic color separation machine is determined according to the magnification of the printed matter. During operation, it should be accurately set according to the corresponding relationship between magnification and aperture number.
5.5.2.4 Operation of virtual mask (USM) and GN granularity control In chart printing, the image separation and clarity of the dot-by-dot image are enhanced. According to the size of USM, the image outline is emphasized and its contrast is improved. The maximum brightness of the signal is set by GN granularity control. The negative image separation is 2.5~4.5V on the bright side and 7~9V on the dark side. 5.5.2.5 Setting of laser quantity
During the electronic color separation process, the laser should be adjusted when the machine is adjusted to obtain the correct amount of light. When the solid density is less than 4.0, if there is no other reason, the laser quantity should be adjusted so that the numerical pointer of the electronic dot generator does not enter the red area. The gray lens (NI) can be used to adjust the balance so that the solid density (NI) reaches 4.0. The relationship between the adjustment of the laser quantity and its specific ratio is shown in Table 6. Table 6
5.5.2.6 Color Correction
Calibration is to make the color of the printed product close to the original. The primary color (YMC) and secondary color (RBG) of the basic color of the original are compensated through color correction control (color compensation circuit). In general, the color knob is set to the center position (i.e. I50) as the standard amount. The correction amount should be repeatedly tested based on the characteristics of the oil cover. When the ideal effect is achieved, the reflection and transmission calibration color standards of this unit are set. 5.5.3 Electronic color separation machine operation procedure
5.5,3.1. Manuscript processing and roller installation
According to the technical requirements of the process, use the rate meter to accurately calculate the magnification and range of the manuscript: determine the required roller model, and then place the roller on the manuscript rack.
b. When analyzing the manuscript, you should accurately select its highlights and dark parts to master the characteristics of the manuscript. Then determine the operation plan and operation steps. c. Manuscript processing: Use manuscript cleaning agent to clean the manuscript. According to the manuscript and magnification, determine the method of removing Newtonian damage. Low magnification uses powder and high magnification uses filler. d. Paste the manuscript on the manuscript roller, and use a rubber roller to flatten the manuscript, and use tape to stick the manuscript around. e. Install the roller. Adjust the position of the scanning head according to the roller model, install the roller with the original on it in the scanning part of the machine, and then slowly move the optical path arm into the manuscript roller, turn on the light source and adjust the focus, and perform color separation calibration and data setting. 5.5.3.2 Handling of machine keys and buttons before calibration a. Insert the floppy disk and clamp it tightly, turn off the high-voltage sensitivity knob, change the aperture model, and turn on the high-voltage sensitivity knob. b. Set the ultra-high light level knob, black plate level conversion switch and non-color structure to 0, and set the level knob data on the standard curve. Input the magnification, aperture, screen model and line number into the machine, and set the USM amount. C. The data table dial should be set to the DDt% position, and the maximum and minimum dot percentage data should be dialed to the standard position. GB/T 14477 93
d. Close the background removal, white gray ladder, lens lift, electric cutting, X10 button and test switch 5.5.3.3 Operation calibration
a. After setting the magnification, screen model, aperture and USM amount, focus, then perform white field reference calibration, and then set the dot percentage.
b. Color cast correction: It is to adjust the highlight, middle tone and dark part of the gradation level respectively. Generally, the correction values of yellow and magenta are the same, while the correction values of cyan plate for yellow and magenta are 2%~3% for highlight, 10%~15% for middle tone and 6%~8% for dark part. Density setting: Align the light spot with the highlight point of the source manuscript and adjust the light spot density value. Generally, the highlight density value is set to 0.15~0.25, and the dark density value is set to 2.2~2.7
5.5.3.4 and scan
1. After the operation standard is set, move the recording head to the far left, load the recording photosensitive film, turn on the air pump, and when the cross generator and the end point generator move to the right end scanning terminal position, pay attention to the brake indicator light going out, and the scanning ends when the buzzer is heard. b. Take out the recording film, and then go to the darkroom to develop, fix and wash according to the development procedure, and then let it dry. 5.5.3.5 Scanning is finished
a. Remove the aperture, place the scanning head in the frame, protect the recording cylinder with clean film, and turn off the air system power switch. b. Place the original roller in the recording cylinder, turn off the machine's main power switch, then turn off the switches of the automatic phototypesetting machine, drain the water in the washing machine, close the drain valve, and finally close the main switch. 5.6 Laser phototypesetting process regulations
Laser phototypesetting is a new technology that uses computer technology and laser technology to complete the layout of various pictures, literary books and periodicals, thus replacing the old lead type typesetting and the phototypesetting technology that emerged in the 1940s. The system is generally composed of a microcomputer, an ordinary 24-pin printer, a laser typesetting machine, an automatic developer and other auxiliary equipment. At present, the laser typesetting systems used in China include "Keyin", "Huaguang", "Founder", "Xinghan" and "Qingjing" laser typesetting systems, which are divided into the following types. There are many models, and the structure and function of the machines have their own characteristics. This standard is mainly based on the "Keyin" laser typesetting system, and stipulates the quality standards and process regulations of laser typesetting.
5.6.1 Laser typesetting process design
5.6.1.1 Technology design quality standards
. The types of manuscripts, publication b. To ensure the quality of the finished product, a suitable process plan should be formulated based on the conditions of the existing equipment, material specifications and technical level. c. The resolution, contrast and clarity of the finished film of pictures and texts should meet the requirements of plate making. 1. The error rate statistics should be accurate and reasonable.
5.6.1.2 Laser typesetting process regulations
. When receiving the manuscripts from the commissioned printing unit, carefully check whether the quality of the original manuscript meets the requirements. b. Edit and format the manuscripts of the sub-printing units, and formulate a typesetting plan. The specifications should meet the requirements of the job notice.
, Determine the font, font size, etc. according to the format design and user opinions. . Count the number of manuscript pages, classify and register, formulate a typesetting list, and fill in the typesetting instructions and production progress card. e. The operator of each machine should be familiar with and master the format design and typesetting plan, and should carefully count and register the distributed manuscripts, and start the receiving plan.
T. Carefully check the quality of the film and paper used. Those that do not meet the quality requirements shall not be used. Carefully inspect the quality of the finished product. If any problems are found, send it to the correction page. g: After the proof is returned, register and count the errors to find out the error rate. 5.6.2 Recording and typesetting
5.6.2.1 Quality standards for typesetting
a. The error rate of recording should be less than 4%.
b. The error rate of proofreading should be less than 1%
GB /T 14477--93
center. The layout specifications are accurate and reasonable, and meet the requirements of the art design. 5.6.2.2 Recording and typesetting T. Art regulations
a: When recording and typesetting, you must carefully operate according to the requirements of the art design, and copy the disk file for backup. b. After recording and typesetting, you can print the proof with a dot-matrix printer. The proof is required to be clear and neat, and the size of the page is consistent. Carefully check the size of the page, the layout of the diagram, font, symbol, formula, and table arrangement, which should meet the design requirements. Those that do not meet the technical requirements should be returned in time. 1. Clean the manuscript and proof After checking, registering and signing, it shall be sent to the proofreader. 5.6.3 Proofreading
5.6.3.1 Proofreading quality standard
Proofreading error rate: 5% for the first proofreading, 2% for the second proofreading, 0.5% for the third proofreading, and no error for the fourth proofreading (checking). b. The text and punctuation marks in the manuscript shall conform to the proofreading symbol standards promulgated by the state. 5.6.3.2. Check the above process
. When proofreading, you should carefully check the layout list and the requirements for manuscript annotations, then count the manuscript pages, check the proofs carefully, make sure the words are neat, the lines are not crossed, and do not mark the solid color handwriting when proofreading. c. During the proofreading process, if you find any doubts, you can use a pencil to mark the doubts with question marks, and deal with them in a unified manner, and do not make any changes at will. 5.6.4 Proofreading
5.6.4.1 Proofreading quality standards
1. Proofreading error rate should be less than 2% (places). b. Proofreading should be error-free.
5.6.4.2 Proofreading process
, proofreading should be carried out according to technical requirements, and must be checked and corrected to make a new proofreading. No mistakes should be corrected. For each proofreading, a disk file should be copied for backup. After three proofreadings, when it is confirmed that there are no mistakes or omissions, fill in the typesetting work sheet and hand over the proofreading and key files to the next level.
C. Carefully check the number of films when the machine is out of the film, make up the work according to the final proof and refer to the missing word list provided by the operator, make a final check, sort, and correct the problems found during the check according to the original manuscript. Sort the films and proofs, and count the blue samples. The state stamps the proof and transfers it to the next stage.
5.6.5 Main machine output
5.6.5.1 Main machine output quality standard
a. The screen printing elements on the layout are set, and the finished product is neat and tidy, without scratches, dirt and wrinkles. b. The density of printing elements D shall not be less than 2.0, and the carbon fog D shall not exceed 0.2. 5.6.5.21 Machine output technology specification
a. According to the requirements of the typesetting work order and the performance of the photosensitive material, the machine parameter table shall be used correctly. Samples should be tested before work, and work can only be started after the technical data is mastered. b. The density of the glue (photo paper) should be consistent before and after, the layout should be clean, and its quality should meet the requirements of the specifications. C. After each document is issued, the code should be arranged, and the quality inspection should be carried out carefully. After confirming that there are no errors, it should be sent to the proofreader for inspection. d. The "Laser Phototypesetting Machine Work Record" and "Material Consumption Registration Form" should be filled in carefully at any time, and the signature should be issued. 6 Copying
6.1 Copying Quality Standards
6.1.1 Copying Accuracy Requirements
, the copying of the negatives must be accurate, the alignment difference of the base plates of the same nautical chart elements shall not exceed 0.1mm, and the center line error of the mosaic sheet shall not exceed +2.0mm1
b. The deformation rate of the copying film scale (dot) shall not exceed 10%GH/T14477--93
When using punching positioning to copy the negatives, the alignment shall be accurate and the error shall not exceed +0.1mm. 6.1.2 Copying Quality Requirements:
a When using chrome glue to copy, the alignment of the copied graphics must be considered when using glass film as the base, and the originality shall not exceed 0.1mm
b. The base plate used for reprinting should be vivid, and the key patterns on the reprinting plate should be dark and solid. The elements on the reprinting plate should be clear and transparent. The outline, legend and rule lines should be complete.
c. The reprinted base plate should have a solid film layer, and the dyeing, dots and lines should be smooth, without scratches, streaks, and silver chloride negatives. There should be no creases, deformation and yellowing, and few sand holes on the plate.
d. The light positive plate should have a complete and clear shape, light color, no water stains or spots, and the density should not exceed 0.2. e. For general dyeing and screening, the number, ratio and angle of the screen lines (dots) that are consistent with the process design should be used. f. The photosensitive tearing plate should have strong film-forming properties, uniform film layer sequence, good toughness, and the blank area after tearing should be clear and transparent without yellowing. The remaining area should be dyed evenly without penetrating the bonding layer. ! The density of the wash-out copy base (silver chloride copy) shall not be less than 3.0, and the carbon fog D of the transparent part shall not be less than 0.1. 6.1.3 Copy quality index
The one that meets the quality standard is the genuine product. The base (film) with uneven film layer, streaks, sand holes, etc., which meets the quality requirements after repair is the secondary product, and the secondary product shall not exceed 5%. Silver chloride negative film shall not have secondary products. 6.2 Operation procedures for the washed-out graphic copy method
6.2.1 Preparation before copying
62.1.1 According to the 1st art According to the requirements of the plan and the work notice, prepare the required screen (dot) cavity film, carefully check whether the base plate meets the quality requirements, and adjust the plate exposure machine. 6.2.1.2 Non-prepared transparent plates: The original thickness is consistent, the surface is flat, there is no aliasing, gas, color spots, and the angle of attack is sharp. Choose a plate-making glass with a thickness of 3 to 5 μm. When using it, wash it with 5% to 10% nitric (sulfuric) acid solution. For glass with a glue layer, it can be placed in a liquid for more than 12 hours, and then washed under running water. The polyester film should have good transparency, small expansion and contraction deformation, and its thickness should not exceed 0.1 μm. The size of the machine should be small as needed, and it should be soaked in dilute nitric (bottle) acid and then washed.
6.2.1.3 Preparation of liquid medicine
Prepare the photosensitive liquid, dyeing liquid and solid film liquid according to the formula 1-2 days before use, and use them after filtering. The dyeing liquid uses black (red) color dyes prepared in proportion with good water solubility, strong coloring power and high sulfonic acid group content. 6.2.2 Requirements for making photosensitive plates:
a. Fix the cleaned glass substrate in the center of the plate holder of the plate baking machine. If a polyester film substrate is used, paste it on the glass plate with water: control the water content of the plate surface, and spread it efficiently. b. When spreading the positive image plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 7/min. When spreading the negative image plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 30-40r/min.
C. According to the operation requirements, the original shape of the photosensitive layer should be properly mastered, and it should be uniform, without "pooling" and "killing" marks. The photosensitive plate film layer should be completely dry.
d. The temperature of the photosensitive liquid should be controlled at around 30°C, and the relative humidity should normally be between 60% and 70%. e. The temperature inside the plate baking machine should be controlled at 35-45°C, and the baking time is usually 8-10 minutes. 6.2.3 Exposure
a. Place the photosensitive plate and the film surface opposite each other in the center of the platemaking machine. When the film (glass plate) is smaller than the photosensitive plate, a glass or rubber strip of the same thickness as the bottom should be placed on it. Then start the vacuum pump and control the air pressure at 0.045-1.075MPa. b. The exposure time can be determined according to factors such as the performance of the photosensitive plate, the thickness of the film layer, the intensity of the light source, the temperature inside, and the degree of turbulence. The exposure time of negative film should be shorter than that of positive film. c. The distance of light source is generally not less than 11.5m. GB/T 14477-93
d. When cladding different graphics and screen lines, after the first exposure, the regular lines should be shown first, and then cladding should be done in sequence. 6.2.4 Final exposure
a. Use rapid tap water, guided by a rubber hose, to wash and develop. The operation should be fast and the washing should be even and thorough. b. The developing water temperature is generally 15~25℃. If the indoor temperature is too low, the base plate should be placed in a warm water tank at 25~~30℃. The developing time is generally 1~2min
.2.5 Dyeing
a. After the plate is drained after development, the film surface is placed in the dyeing solution, and the liquid temperature should be controlled at 18~22℃. b. Dyeing time: positive image plate dyeing about 1.5 ~ 2.0min, negative image plate about 2.0 ~ 5.0min, insufficient density can be re-dyed. . Dyeing solution reference formula:
Direct Yuanken
Direct Yanhong
Preparation method: Dissolve the dye in water and filter after boiling. 6.2.6 Film and water washing
1 000inl
a. Spread the film solidifying liquid evenly on the plate surface, and the four corners must be affected. The time is 30s.h. After the film solidifies, rinse the plate with water and brush off the residual glue and dye on the back of the plate: If there is heat, use absorbent cotton to gently wipe it with water, do not scratch the film surface, irrigate it with water and then dry it.
c. Film solidifying liquid reference formula:
Preparation method: Put the Mingxun Jiding in water and then use it. Making lock monitor positive film
6.2.7.1 Preparation before operation 6.2.1
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.2.
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.3.
6.2.74 Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.4.
6.2.7.5 Dyeing and washing
30-60g
1000ml
a. After exposure and washing, the plate can be dyed with light blue dyeing liquid facing up for 1.0min on the right, washed and dried. b. Reference formula for light blue dyeing:
Direct lake blue
Preparation method: Boil the dye in water and filter it. 6.3
Operation procedures for selective dyeing method
6.3.1 Preparation before operation is the same as 6.2.1.
6.3.2 Relay plate production room 6.2.2.
6.3.3 Sudden exposure
a. During the first exposure, add 10% chrome alum or alum solution 10~20ml per 1000ml of washing photosensitive solution, and the exposure time is 3~min.
h. When the exposure is carried out twice, the first exposure operation is the same as 6.2.3, and the exposure time should be extended. Then remove the base plate and perform a second short exposure from the back of the photosensitive plate.
6.3.4 Development, water washing and development are the same as 6.2.4, and the development time should not be too long. 6.3.5 Dyeing: Its operation is the same as 6.2.5a, and the film is not solid. The dyeing time is 0.5~1.0min for positive image plates and 2~5min for negative image plates. 6.4 Operating procedures for photosensitive film tearing method
6.4.1 Preparation before operation2 Requirements for making photosensitive plates:
a. Fix the cleaned glass base in the center of the plate holder of the plate baking machine. If a polyester film base is used, paste it on the glass plate with water: control the moisture content of the plate surface, and spread it efficiently. b. When spreading the positive plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 7/min. When spreading the negative plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 30-40r/min.
C. According to the operation requirements, the original color of the photosensitive layer should be properly mastered, and it should be uniform, without "pooling" and "killing" marks. The photosensitive plate film layer should be completely dry.
d. The temperature of the photosensitive liquid should be controlled at around 30°C, and the relative humidity should normally be between 60% and 70%. e. The temperature inside the plate baking machine should be controlled at 35-45°C, and the baking time is usually 8-10 minutes. 6.2.3 Exposure
a. Place the photosensitive plate and the film surface opposite each other in the center of the platemaking machine. When the film (glass plate) is smaller than the photosensitive plate, a glass or rubber strip of the same thickness as the bottom should be placed on it. Then start the vacuum pump and control the air pressure at 0.045-1.075MPa. b. The exposure time can be determined according to factors such as the performance of the photosensitive plate, the thickness of the film layer, the intensity of the light source, the temperature inside, and the degree of turbulence. The exposure time of negative film should be shorter than that of positive film. c. The distance of light source is generally not less than 11.5m. GB/T 14477-93
d. When cladding different graphics and screen lines, after the first exposure, the regular lines should be shown first, and then cladding should be done in sequence. 6.2.4 Final exposure
a. Use rapid tap water, guided by a rubber hose, to wash and develop. The operation should be fast and the washing should be even and thorough. b. The developing water temperature is generally 15~25℃. If the indoor temperature is too low, the base plate should be placed in a warm water tank at 25~~30℃. The developing time is generally 1~2min
.2.5 Dyeing
a. After the plate is drained after development, the film surface is placed in the dyeing solution, and the liquid temperature should be controlled at 18~22℃. b. Dyeing time: positive image plate dyeing about 1.5 ~ 2.0min, negative image plate about 2.0 ~ 5.0min, insufficient density can be re-dyed. . Dyeing solution reference formula:
Direct Yuanken
Direct Yanhong
Preparation method: Dissolve the dye in water and filter after boiling. 6.2.6 Film and water washing
1 000inl
a. Spread the film solidifying liquid evenly on the plate surface, and the four corners must be affected. The time is 30s.h. After the film solidifies, rinse the plate with water and brush off the residual glue and dye on the back of the plate: If there is heat, use absorbent cotton to gently wipe it with water, do not scratch the film surface, irrigate it with water and then dry it.
c. Film solidifying liquid reference formula:
Preparation method: Put the Mingxun Jiding in water and then use it. Making lock monitor positive film
6.2.7.1 Preparation before operation 6.2.1
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.2.
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.3.
6.2.74 Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.4.
6.2.7.5 Dyeing and washing
30-60g
1000ml
a. After exposure and washing, the plate can be dyed with light blue dyeing liquid facing up for 1.0min on the right, washed and dried. b. Reference formula for light blue dyeing:
Direct lake blue
Preparation method: Boil the dye in water and filter it. 6.3
Operation procedures for selective dyeing method
6.3.1 Preparation before operation is the same as 6.2.1.
6.3.2 Relay plate production room 6.2.2.
6.3.3 Sudden exposure
a. During the first exposure, add 10% chrome alum or alum solution 10~20ml per 1000ml of washing photosensitive solution, and the exposure time is 3~min.
h. When the exposure is carried out twice, the first exposure operation is the same as 6.2.3, and the exposure time should be extended. Then remove the base plate and perform a second short exposure from the back of the photosensitive plate.
6.3.4 Development, water washing and development are the same as 6.2.4, and the development time should not be too long. 6.3.5 Dyeing: Its operation is the same as 6.2.5a, and the film is not solid. The dyeing time is 0.5~1.0min for positive image plates and 2~5min for negative image plates. 6.4 Operating procedures for photosensitive film tearing method
6.4.1 Preparation before operation2 Requirements for making photosensitive plates:
a. Fix the cleaned glass base in the center of the plate holder of the plate baking machine. If a polyester film base is used, paste it on the glass plate with water: control the moisture content of the plate surface, and spread it efficiently. b. When spreading the positive plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 7/min. When spreading the negative plate photosensitive liquid, the machine speed should be controlled at about 30-40r/min.
C. According to the operation requirements, the original color of the photosensitive layer should be properly mastered, and it should be uniform, without "pooling" and "killing" marks. The photosensitive plate film layer should be completely dry.
d. The temperature of the photosensitive liquid should be controlled at around 30°C, and the relative humidity should normally be between 60% and 70%. e. The temperature inside the plate baking machine should be controlled at 35-45°C, and the baking time is usually 8-10 minutes. 6.2.3 Exposure
a. Place the photosensitive plate and the film surface opposite each other in the center of the platemaking machine. When the film (glass plate) is smaller than the photosensitive plate, a glass or rubber strip of the same thickness as the bottom should be placed on it. Then start the vacuum pump and control the air pressure at 0.045-1.075MPa. b. The exposure time can be determined according to factors such as the performance of the photosensitive plate, the thickness of the film layer, the intensity of the light source, the temperature inside, and the degree of turbulence. The exposure time of negative film should be shorter than that of positive film. c. The distance of light source is generally not less than 11.5m. GB/T 14477-93
d. When cladding different graphics and screen lines, after the first exposure, the regular lines should be shown first, and then cladding should be done in sequence. 6.2.4 Final exposure
a. Use rapid tap water, guided by a rubber hose, to wash and develop. The operation should be fast and the washing should be even and thorough. b. The developing water temperature is generally 15~25℃. If the indoor temperature is too low, the base plate should be placed in a warm water tank at 25~~30℃. The developing time is generally 1~2min
.2.5 Dyeing
a. After the plate is drained after development, the film surface is placed in the dyeing solution, and the liquid temperature should be controlled at 18~22℃. b. Dyeing time: positive image plate dyeing about 1.5 ~ 2.0min, negative image plate about 2.0 ~ 5.0min, insufficient density can be re-dyed. . Dyeing solution reference formula:
Direct Yuanken
Direct Yanhong
Preparation method: Dissolve the dye in water and filter after boiling. 6.2.6 Film and water washing
1 000inl
a. Spread the film solidifying liquid evenly on the plate surface, and the four corners must be affected. The time is 30s.h. After film solidification, rinse the plate with water and brush off the residual glue and dye on the back of the plate: If there is heat, use absorbent cotton to gently wipe it with water, do not scratch the film surface, irrigate it with water and then dry it.
c. Film solidifying liquid reference formula:
Preparation method: Put Mingxun Jiding in water and then use it. Making lock monitor positive film
6.2.7.1 Preparation before operation 6.2.1
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.2.
Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.3.
6.2.74 Photosensitive plate making is the same as 6.2.4.
6.2.7.5 Dyeing and washing
30-60g
1000ml
a. After exposure and washing, the plate can be dyed with light blue dyeing liquid facing up for 1.0min on the right, washed and dried. b. Reference formula for light blue dyeing:
Direct lake blue
Preparation method: Boil the dye in water and filter it. 6.3
Operation procedures for selective dyeing method
6.3.1 Preparation before operation is the same as 6.2.1.
6.3.2 Relay plate production room 6.2.2.
6.3.3 Sudden exposure
a. During the first exposure, add 10% chrome alum or alum solution 10~20ml per 1000ml of washing photosensitive solution, and the exposure time is 3~min.
h. When the exposure is carried out twice, the first exposure operation is the same as 6.2.3, and the exposure time should be extended. Then remove the base plate and perform a second short exposure from the back of the photosensitive plate.
6.3.4 Development, water washing and development are the same as 6.2.4, and the development time should not be too long. 6.3.5 Dyeing: Its operation is the same as 6.2.5a, and the film is not solid. The dyeing time is 0.5~1.0min for positive image plates and 2~5min for negative image plates. 6.4 Operating procedures for photosensitive film tearing method
6.4.1 Preparation before operation
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