Standard number: QX/T 520-2019
Standard name: Automatic weather station
English name: Automatic weather station
Standard format: PDF
Release time: 2019-12-26
Implementation time: 2020-04-01
Standard size: 2.71M
Standard introduction: This standard specifies the product composition, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking and accompanying documents, packaging, transportation and storage of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations
This standard applies to the design, production and acceptance of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations, and automatic weather stations for other purposes can be used for reference. This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (SAC/TC507) and is under the jurisdiction of the drafting units of this standard: Jiangsu Radio Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Meteorological Detection Center of China Meteorological Administration, Huayun Shengda (Beijing) Meteorological Technology Co., Ltd., China Huayun Meteorological Technology Group Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard: Sun Lixin, Hua Weidong, Zhu Ping, Han Yingqing, Jin Hongwei, Li Ning, Zhang Yuhua, Pan Longlun, Lei Yong, Zhang Xin, Chen Dongdong, Shi Lijuan, Zhu Jing, Wang Bolin, Song Shuli, Yang Zhiyong, Xie Feng.
This standard specifies the product composition, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking and accompanying documents, packaging, transportation and storage of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations. This standard applies to the design, production and acceptance of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations, and automatic weather stations for other purposes can be used as a reference.

ICS07.060
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Meteorological Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
QX/T520—2019
Automatic Weather Station
Automaticweatherstation
Released on 2019-12-26
China Meteorological Administration
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Implemented on 2020-04-01|| tt||HKAJouaKAa
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Normative references
Terms and definitions
Product composition
Technical requirements
5.1: General requirements
5.2 Safety
Measurement performance
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Sampling, algorithms and data quality control
Data storage and transmission
Device status information Information
Self-calibration and remote control
Environmental conditions
Electromagnetic compatibility:
Reliability
Test methods
Test environmental conditions
Test instruments and meters…
General requirements inspection
Safety
Measurement performance
Sampling, algorithms and data quality control
Data storage and transmission
Device status information
Self-calibration and remote control|| tt||Environmental conditions
Electromagnetic compatibility
Reliability
Inspection rules:
Inspection classification
Inspection items
Determination of defects
Type inspection
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QX/T520—2019
QX/T520—2019
7.5 Factory inspection
8 Markings and accompanying documents·
8.． ． Marking
8.2 Accompanying documents
9 Packaging, transportation and storage
Packaging·
9.2 Transportation·
9.3 Storage·
References
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This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.12009. QX/T520—2019
This standard was proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Meteorological Instruments and Observation Methods (SAC/TC507). The drafting units of this standard are: Jiangsu Radio Science Research Institute Co., Ltd., Meteorological Detection Center of China Meteorological Administration, Huayun Shengda (Beijing) Meteorological Technology Co., Ltd., and China Huayun Meteorological Technology Group Corporation. The main drafters of this standard are: Sun Lixin, Hua Weidong, Zhu Ping, Han Yingqing, Jin Hongwei, Li Ning, Zhang Yuhua, Pan Longlun, Lei Yong, Zhang Xin, Chen Dongdong, Shi Lijuan, Zhu Jing, Wang Bolin, Song Shuli, Yang Zhiyong, Xie Fengm
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1 Scope
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Automatic weather station
QX/T520—2019
This standard specifies the product composition, technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking and accompanying documents, packaging, transportation and storage of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations.
This standard applies to the design, production and acceptance of automatic weather stations for meteorological observation stations, and automatic weather stations for other purposes can be used as a reference. 2 Normative references
The following documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For any dated referenced document, only the dated version is applicable to this document. For any undated referenced document, its latest version (including all amendments) is applicable to this document GB/T191-2008 Pictorial marking for packaging, storage and transportation (ISO780:1997.MOD) GB/T2423.1-2008 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2: Test methods Test A: Low temperature (IEC60068-21:2007, IDT)
GB/T2423.2-2008
2:2007.IDT)
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Part 2: Test methods Test B: High Temperature (IEC60068-2-GB/T2423.4—2008
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Full Part 2: Test methods
12h cycle) (IEC60068-2-30:2005, IDT) GB/T2423.5—2019 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products 60068-2-27:2008, IDT)
Test Db: Cyclic damp heat (12h+
Part 2: Test methods Test Ea and guidance: Shock (IECGB/T2423.7—2018| |tt||Environmental testing
Part 2: Test methods Test Ec: Shock caused by rough operation (mainly for equipment type samples) (IEC60068-2-31: 2008, IDT) GB/T2423.10—2019
60068-2-6:2007, IDT)
GB/T2423.162008
60068-2-10:2005.IDT)
GB/T2423.172008
2-11:1981, IDT)||t t||GB/T2423.21—2008
60068-2-13:1983, IDT)
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Part 2: Test methods
Test Fc: Vibration (sinusoidal) (IEC
Part 2: Test methods
Test J and guidance: Long (IEC
Environmental testing for electric and electronic products
Part 2: Test methods Test Ka: Salt spray (IEC60068 Environmental testing for electric and electronic products Part 2 Sub: Test method Test M: Low pressure (IEC
Sampling inspection procedures by attributes
Part 1: Sampling plan for batch inspection based on acceptance quality limit (AQL) GB/T2828.1-2012
(ISO2859-1:1999.IDT)
GB/T4208—2008
GB4793.1—2007
1:2001,IDT)
GB/T6587—2012
GB/T9254—2008
G B/T11463—1989
Enclosure protection degree (IP code) (IEC60529:2001, IDT)Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements (IEC61010 General specifications for electronic measuring instruments
Limits and measurement methods of radio disturbances for information technology equipment (CISPR22:2006, IDT)Reliability test for electronic measuring instruments
GB/T17626.2—2018
Electromagnetic compatibility test and measurement technology Electrostatic discharge immunity test (IEC610 00-4-2：2008，1

GB/T17626.5
—2019
2014.IDT)
GB/T17626.62017
61000-4- 6:2013,IDT)
GB/T17626.8—2008
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Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility
GB/T17626.112008
Electromagnetic compatibility
Test (IEC61000-4-11:2004.IDT)GB/T18268.1—2010
(IEC61326-1:2005,IDT)
GB/T19565—2017
Test and measurement technology
Test and measurement technology
Test and measurement technology
Radio frequency electromagnetic field radiation immunity test (IEC61000-4-Electrical fast transient pulse group immunity test (IEC61000 Surge (shock) immunity test (IEC61000-4-5: Test and measurement technologybZxz.net
Test and measurement technology
Test and measurement technology
Radio frequency field induced conduction disturbance immunity test (IEC Power frequency magnetic field immunity test (IEC61000-4-8:2001 Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity measurement, control and laboratory use of electrical equipment total radiation meter
GB/T33701—2017| |tt||Long-wave pyrheliometer
GB/T33702—2017
GB/T33703—2017
GB/T35225—2017
GB/T35226—2017
QX/T20—2016
QX/T3202016
3 Terms and definitions
Photoelectric sunshine sensor
Automatic weather station observation specification
Ground meteorological observation specification Air pressure
Electromagnetic compatibility requirements Part 1: General requirements Ground meteorological observation specification Air temperature and humidity Direct pyrheliometer
Weighing precipitation meter
The following terms and definitions apply to this document. 3.1
Data collector
data logger
A device with the function of collecting, processing, storing and outputting meteorological data Note 1: In this standard, it is referred to as a logger.
Note 2: Rewrite GB/T35237-2017, definition 3.1. 3.2
instantaneous meteorological value
The measured value of a meteorological element at a certain moment.
Note 1: In this standard, it is referred to as an instantaneous value.
Note 2: Rewrite GB/T35237-2017, definition 3.3. 4 Product composition
The automatic weather station consists of sensors, loggers, peripheral equipment, supporting equipment and software. 4.1
4.2 It is advisable to configure air pressure, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation, evaporation, ground temperature according to needs. , sunshine, radiation and other sensors. Radiation generally includes total radiation, direct radiation, scattered radiation, reflected radiation, atmospheric long-wave radiation and ground long-wave radiation. It is advisable to use intelligent sensors2
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, and intelligent sensors should have functions such as sampling, algorithm and data quality control, data storage and transmission, state information detection, self-calibration and remote control.
4.3 The collector is composed of a microprocessor, a clock unit, a memory, a signal processing unit, a state detection unit, a transmission interface, etc. Multiple collectors can be used to form a distributed collector group as needed. 4.4 Peripheral equipment is composed of a power supply, a terminal microcomputer, a communication terminal, an external memory, a lightning protection device, etc. 4.5 The supporting equipment is composed of a wind pole, a shutter box, a bracket and installation accessories. 4.6 The software consists of acquisition software and business software 5 Technical requirements
5.1 General requirements
Appearance and workmanship
5.1.1.1 The surface coating should be uniform and not fall off, the structural parts should not be mechanically damaged, and the surface should not have cracks 5.1.1.2 The signs and logos should be clear and correct 5.1.1.3 All parts should be installed correctly, firmly and reliably, and the operating parts should not be lagging, stuck or loose 5.1.1.4 There should be measures to prevent moisture, salt spray and mildew. 5.1.2 Interchangeability
After the same specifications of sensors (including intelligent sensors), collectors and other components are interchanged, the measurement performance should meet the requirements of 6.5. 5.1.3 Design life
Should be no less than 10 years.
5.2 Safety
5.2.1 Safety Signs
5.2.1.1 There should be danger warning signs on the AC power supply cabinet door and next to the AC power supply terminals. The signs should comply with symbol 12 in Table 1 of GB4793.1-2007.
5.2.1.2 There should be on-off signs on the AC power disconnect device. 5.2.1.3 The durability of the signs should comply with the requirements of 5.3 of GB4793.1-2007. 5.2.2 Prevention of electric shock hazards
5.2.2.1 The DC voltage of accessible parts (including accessible parts after the cabinet door is opened) to the ground (casing) should not exceed 50V, and the AC voltage should not exceed 30V.
5.2.2.2 The AC power input should be able to withstand 1500V AC voltage between the AC power input and the ground (casing). 5.2.2.3 There should be a disconnect device at the AC power input. 5.2.3 Prevention of mechanical hazards
5.2.3.1. The edges or corners on the mechanical structure should be rounded and polished. 5.2.3.2 For parts that cannot always maintain sufficient mechanical strength during the product life and need regular maintenance or replacement, the replacement cycle and its danger should be prominently indicated in the product manual. 3
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5.2.4 Battery
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Electrodes should have insulation protection devices and completely cover the conductive parts of the electrodes and connecting wires. 5.2.4.2 Technical measures should be taken to prevent electrolyte leakage from corroding live parts. 5.3 Measurement performance
5.3.1 The measurement performance of meteorological elements such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation, ground temperature, shallow ground temperature, deep ground temperature, grass surface temperature, evaporation, etc. shall comply with the requirements of 5.1 of GB/T33703-2017; the measurement range of air pressure shall be selected from 500hPa to 1100hPa or 450hPa to 1100hPa as required, and the resolution and maximum allowable error shall comply with the requirements of 5.1 of GB/T33703-2017; the starting wind speed of wind direction and wind speed sensors shall not exceed 0.5m/s. 5.3.2 Sunshine shall meet the requirements of 5.2 of GB/T33702-2017 5.3.3 Global radiation, scattered radiation and reflected radiation shall meet the requirements of 5.2 of GB/T19565-2017; direct radiation shall meet the requirements of 5.2 of QX/T20-2016; atmospheric long-wave radiation and ground long-wave radiation shall meet the requirements of 5.2 of GB/T33701-2017. 5.4
Sampling, algorithm and data quality control
The sampling rate of meteorological variables shall meet the requirements of Table 1. Table 1 Sampling rate requirements for meteorological variables
Meteorological variables
Relative humidity
Precipitation
Ground temperature
Shallow ground temperature
Deep ground temperature
Grass surface temperature
Evaporation
Sampling rate
Times/min
Algorithm and data quality control shall comply with the requirements of 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 of GB/T33703-2017. The derived quantities shall be calculated according to the following methods:
Sea level pressure shall be calculated according to the method of Chapter 6 of GB/T35225
5-2017.
Water vapor pressure shall be calculated according to the method of A.2.2 of Appendix A of GB/T35226-2017, and dew point temperature shall be calculated according to the method of A.4 of Appendix A of GB/T35226-2017. The radiation exposure is calculated according to formula (1):
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Where:
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H is the exposure in a period of n minutes, in megajoules per square meter (MJ/m); QX/T520—2019
....(1)
is the instantaneous value of irradiance at the i-th time in a period of n minutes (minute average), in watts per square meter (W/m2).Among them, samples that are not "correct" such as "error" and "suspicious" should be discarded and not participate in the calculation; the duration corresponding to each instantaneous irradiance value (minute average) in the n-minute period is 60s; the serial number of each instantaneous irradiance value (minute average) in the n-minute period is: n
The number of minutes included in the period for calculating the exposure. The horizontal surface direct radiation exposure is calculated by the horizontal surface direct radiation irradiance according to formula (1), and the horizontal surface direct irradiance is calculated according to formula (2):
SH=SXsinh=SXcosoz
Where:
Horizontal surface direct radiation irradiance, unit is watt per square meter (W/m2); direct radiation irradiance, unit is watt per square meter (W/m2): solar altitude angle, unit is degree ();
zenith distance, unit is degree (°), 0z=90°-h. (2)
Minute sunshine hours derived from direct radiation irradiance. Minute direct radiation irradiance is greater than or equal to the sunshine reading value (120W/m2). f)
means there is sunshine, and the minute sunshine hours are recorded as 1min, otherwise they are recorded as 0min. 5.5 Data storage and transmission
Data storage shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 7 of GB/T33703-2017, and the capacity can be expanded through external storage. 5.5.1
5.5.2 Data transmission shall comply with the requirements of Chapter 8 of GB/T33703-2017. 5.6 Equipment status information
The following equipment status information should be collected, stored and output: a)
Collector working status;
Sensor connection status and/or working status: c)
External power supply, battery, data collector mainboard working voltage and status: chassis temperature, data collector mainboard working temperature; working status of heating, ventilation, positioning, timing and other components; communication status;
Contamination status of sensor optical window;
Chassis door switch status;
External memory status;
Accumulated working time.
Self-calibration and remote control
Self-calibration
The collector should have the self-calibration function and give the calibration result information Remote control
It should have the following remote control functions:
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System reset;
b) Parameter configuration;
Embedded software upgrade.
5.8 Clock
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It should have the clock synchronization function, and the maximum cumulative error of the internal clock every 30d should not exceed ±15s. 5.9 Power supply
5.9.1 AC power supply
Should meet the following requirements:
Voltage: 220V× (1±20%);
Frequency: 50HzX ​​(1±10%).
5.9.2 Battery
A 12V battery should be used, and it should have a charging system such as AC, solar energy, and wind power generation. When the battery is powered alone, the automatic weather station should work continuously for no less than 7 days. Environmental conditions
Climate conditions
Should adapt to the severity levels specified in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4. Temperature, humidity and precipitation severity levels
Environmental parameters
Minimum temperature
Maximum temperature
Minimum relative humidity
Maximum relative humidity
Precipitation intensity
Environmental parameters
Minimum atmospheric pressure
mm/min
Atmospheric pressure severity level
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Severity level
Severity level
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