GB/T 31481-2015 Guidelines for determining the compatibility of materials and gases for cryogenic containers GB/T31481-2015 |tt||Standard compression package decompression password: www.bzxz.net
This standard specifies the compatibility requirements of materials and gases for cryogenic containers, but does not include mechanical performance requirements under low temperature conditions. This standard specifies the general principles for determining the compatibility of materials and gases, the specific requirements for the compatibility of materials with pure oxygen or oxygen-rich environments, and the test methods for the compatibility of metal and non-metal materials for cryogenic containers and their ancillary equipment with oxygen. This standard is mainly applicable to materials in refrigerated liquefied gas medium environments and materials that may come into contact with refrigerated liquefied gases
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/T1.1-2009.
This standard uses the translation method equivalent to ISO21010:2014 "Compatibility of gases and materials in cryogenic containers".
Compared with ISO21010:2014, this standard has made the following editorial changes:
———The unit of pressure value in this standard is converted from bar to MPa;
———In Appendix A, the introductory sentence "Metal materials commonly used in liquid oxygen working conditions are shown in Table A.1" is added, the selected symbol in Table A.1 is
changed from "×" to "√", and a note is given in the table;
———Based on the content of the test report sample table given in Appendix B, the test report table B.1 is adjusted; ———
In Figure B.2, the dotted line corresponding to item number 2 (pressure value at natural temperature) is changed to extend to the Z axis;
———Due to an error in the original standard, item 11 in C.4 is changed to item 9, and the inner diameter is changed from 14mm to 14mm. Modified to 14mm outer diameter; in Figure C.1, item number 9 (connecting pipe) is clearly defined as 14mm outer diameter and 11mm inner diameter, and item number 11 and its related contents are deleted.
This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Boilers and Pressure Vessels (SAC/TC262).
Drafting units of this standard: Shanghai Gas Industry Association, East China University of Science and Technology, China Special Equipment Testing and Research Institute, National Petroleum Drilling and Refining Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Air Liquide (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Fujita Special Materials Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute Zhangjiagang Branch, Changzhou Braun Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd., CIMC Enric Investment Holdings (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Technology Research Institute, Shanghai Huayi Group Equipment Engineering Co., Ltd., Nantong CIMC Tank Storage and Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard.

ICS23.020.40
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T31481—2015/ISO21010:2014 Guidance for gas/nateriais compatibility of cryogenic vessels (ISO 2101C:2014, Cryogenie vessels—Gas/materials compatibility, IDT) Issued on 2015-05-15
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China Administration of Standardization of the People's Republic of China
Implementation on 2015-09-01
This standard was drafted in accordance with the rules given in GB/TE.12009. GB/T 31481—2015/ISO 21010:2014 This standard uses the translation method and is equivalent to IS021010:2014 "Compatibility of gases and materials for cryogenic vessels". Compared with ISO21010:2014, this standard has the following editorial changes: - The unit of pressure value in this standard is converted from bar to MPa; - In Appendix A, the introductory words "Metal materials commonly used in liquid oxygen working conditions are shown in Table A.1" are added, the selected symbol in Table A.1 is changed from "×" to "√", and a note is given in the table; According to the test report accompanying table in Appendix B, the test report table B.1 is adjusted; In Figure B.2, the dotted line corresponding to item number 2 (pressure value at natural temperature) is changed to extend to the Z axis: Due to errors in the original standard, item 11 in C.4 is changed to item 9, and the inner diameter is changed from 14mm to the outer diameter of 14mm; In Figure C.1, item number 9 (connecting pipe) is clearly defined as an outer diameter of 14mm and an inner diameter of 11mm. At the same time, item number 11 and its related contents are deleted. This standard is proposed and managed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Boilers and Pressure Vessels (SAC/TC262). The drafting organizations of this standard are: Shanghai Gas Industry Association, East China University of Science and Technology, China Special Equipment Testing and Research Institute, National Petroleum Drilling and Production Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Air Liquide (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Futuda Special Materials Co., Ltd., Zhangjiagang Branch of Jiangsu Special Equipment Safety Supervision and Inspection Institute, Changzhou Braun Cryogenic Equipment Co., Ltd., CIMC Enric Investment Holding (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shanghai Special Equipment Supervision and Inspection Technology Research Institute, Shanghai Huayi Group Equipment Xiacheng Co., Ltd., Nantong CIMC Tank Storage and Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd.
The main drafters of this standard are: Teng Junhua, Zhang Lanzhu, Chen Zhaohui, Zhou Weiming, Chen Qinjian, Ying Jianming, Zhang Yufu, He Hua, Tong Lihua, Liu Chunfeng, Zhu Yanmei, Tang Xiaoying, Lai Binjie, Wei Yakou. 1
1 Model
GB/T31481--2015/IS021010:2014 Compatibility determination of materials for cryogenic containers and gases This standard specifies the compatibility requirements of materials for cryogenic containers and gases, but does not include mechanical performance requirements under low temperature conditions. The standard specifies the general principles for determining the compatibility of materials and gases, the specific requirements for the compatibility of materials with pure oxygen or oxygen-rich environments, and the test methods for the compatibility of metal and non-metal materials with oxygen for cryogenic containers and their ancillary equipment. This standard is mainly applicable to materials in refrigerated liquefied gas medium environments and materials that may come into contact with refrigerated gases. 2 Normative references
The following documents are essential for the application of this document. For all dated references, only the dated version applies to this document. For all undated references, the latest version (including all amendments) applies to this document. ISO10297:1999Technical requirements and type testing for refillable gas cylinder valves (Transportable gas cylinder-ders Cylinder valves-Specification and type testing)ISO23208Cryogenic vessels Cleanliness requirements for cryogenic service (Cryogenic vessels Cleanliness for cryogenic service)
3Compatibility of materials with gases other than oxygenThe temperature range of cryogenic vessels is from ambient temperature to the lowest temperature that can be reached. When oxygen conditions are not involved, compatibility issues such as corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement that usually need to be considered at room temperature can generally be ignored under cryogenic conditions. The compatibility of materials in cryogenic containers with gases other than oxygen can refer to ISOI1114-1 and ISO11114-2. 4 General requirements for materials under oxygen conditions
4.1 Evaluation of materials under oxygen conditions
4.1.1 General requirements
The selection of materials in pure oxygen or oxygen-rich environments should be based on the conditions that cause oxygen and materials to react. In the absence of an ignition energy source, most materials will not undergo a combustion reaction when in contact with oxygen. When the rate at which energy is input and converted into heat is greater than the rate at which energy is dissipated, the accumulated heat continues to increase, which will cause the material to ignite and burn. Therefore, whether the material will ignite and burn depends on the following two factors:
The minimum ignition temperature of the material;
An energy source that can raise the material density to the ignition temperature. When designing the entire system, the following specific factors should be considered in view of the above two elements: - Material properties: including factors that increase flammability and conditions that cause potential destructive consequences (reaction heat); - Material working conditions: pressure, temperature, gas flow rate, oxygen concentration and oxygen state (gaseous or liquid) and surface contamination conditions as determined by ISO23208; - Potential ignition sources: friction, compression heat, heat generated by mass impact, heat generated by particle impact, static electricity, arc, resonance, internal vibration, etc.; - The impact of the reaction on the surrounding environment, etc.; - Other factors: performance requirements, previous use experience, feasibility and technology. Note: This standard specifies the minimum requirements that materials must meet when used in pure oxygen or high oxygen conditions. When materials are used in harsh working conditions or operating pressures greater than 4.0MPa, other special tests should be added. 4.1.2 Evaluation of Insulation Systems
Materials for insulation systems in cryogenic vessels that may come into contact with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched liquefied air shall be tested in accordance with the provisions of 4.1.1. If the material specimen passes the test specified in 4.4.3, the test specified in 4.4.4 is not required. 4.2 Evaluation of Metallic Materials
Metallic materials commonly used in the manufacture of cryogenic vessels are generally compatible with oxygen. Appendix A lists metallic materials suitable for liquid oxygen conditions. Thinner materials may burn or react violently when encountering high ignition energies (such as pump failure). Materials with a thickness of less than 0.1 mm shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of 4.4.3 under conditions that are as close to actual operating conditions as possible. Special considerations should also be made when materials are used in applications with high potential ignition energies. When testing in accordance with the provisions of 4.4.3, for metal materials used in cryogenic containers in contact with liquid oxygen, liquid oxygen should be used for testing; for metal materials in contact with oxygen-enriched liquefied air, and when there is a risk of potential ignition sources, oxygen-nitrogen mixed cryogenic liquid with an oxygen concentration of not less than 50% should be used for testing.
Note: Oxygen-enriched liquefied air will be generated on the surface of materials with a temperature below -191.3℃ at a standard atmospheric pressure (1.01325×10°Pa). The same applies below. 4.3 Evaluation of non-metallic materials
Non-metallic materials such as plastics, rubber, lubricants, ceramics, glass and adhesives, which have a high ignition risk when in contact with oxygen, should be avoided as much as possible or selected with caution.
For fully oxidized non-metallic materials such as ceramics and broken glass, there is no ignition risk when the material is contaminated. Flammable non-metallic materials that are in continuous or occasional contact with liquid oxygen media should be tested in accordance with the provisions of 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 when used in situations where there is a risk of potential ignition sources. When materials are used in parts of the system where liquid oxygen occasionally accumulates, appropriate material testing should also be considered.
When testing in accordance with the provisions of 4.4.3, non-metallic materials for cryogenic containers in contact with liquid oxygen should be tested with liquid oxygen; non-metallic materials in contact with oxygen-enriched liquefied air, and where there is a risk of potential ignition sources, should be tested with an oxygen-nitrogen mixed cryogenic liquid with an oxygen concentration of not less than 50%. Flammable non-metallic materials that are in continuous or occasional contact with oxygen media should be tested in accordance with the provisions of 4.4.2 when used in situations where there is a risk of potential ignition sources. When materials are used in parts of the system where oxygen occasionally accumulates, appropriate material testing should also be considered. 4.4 Test methods and acceptance criteria
4.4.1 General requirements
Each material to be tested shall be clearly identified by the material name and manufacturer's name. 4.4.2 Ignition test
4.4.2.1 Judgment principle
4.4,2,2 and 4,4.2,3 specify two optional test methods. When the material does not meet the requirements of 4.4.2.2 and 4.4.2.3, it may also be used as long as it passes the "oxygen pressure shock test" specified in 5.3.8 of ISO10297:1999 according to its actual use status (such as valve sealing materials, the entire valve or representative components need to be tested). 2
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4.4.2.2 Spontaneous combustion test (explosion test)
4,4.2,2.1
Test steps
The test steps are shown in Appendix B.
4.4.2.2.2 Acceptance criteria
GB/T 3148 1---2015/1SO 21010:2014 The autoignition temperature measured by the method specified in 4.4.2.2.1 shall not be lower than the value specified in Table 1. Table 1 Minimum autoignition temperature
Maximum working pressure/MPa
20.7~34.5
Note: The intermediate number can be determined by linear interpolation method 4.4.2.3
Pressure shock test
4.4.2.3.1 Test steps
See Appendix C for the test steps.
4.4.2.3.2
Acceptance criteria
Minimum autoignition temperature (SIT)/℃
Supplementary test may be carried out (see 4.1)
Carry out pressure shock test 5 times continuously at the set maximum working pressure, and no reaction phenomenon should occur. 4.4.3 Mechanical shock test in liquid oxygen (LOX) 4.4.3,1 Test steps
The mechanical shock test shall be carried out under atmospheric pressure and in liquid oxygen environment according to the method specified in references [4~[8]. The above references list the preferred test equipment, and the specific requirements are for reference only. The test should be carried out under the following conditions: - the surface condition of the test material is consistent with the use conditions; the physical state of the test material is consistent with the actual use state (such as solid, powder, etc.); ... the impact energy per unit contact area is not less than 79J/cm. 4.4.3.2 Acceptance criteria
After 10 consecutive tests, no ignition or scorching reactions should occur. 4.4.4 Thermal insulation material test
When a representative sample of thermal insulation material comes into contact with a hot gold wire in an environment with a pressure of 0.1 MPa and an oxygen concentration of 100%, it will not 3
GB/T 31481—2015/1SO 210 t0:2014 should be continuously fired,
Representative specimens of the insulation material should be consistent with the insulation material placed in the container and tested through the full thickness. 4.5 Alternative acceptance criteria
If the material has documented long-term safe use in the corresponding working conditions of the cryogenic container or has a supporting risk assessment report, it can be used.
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Appendix A
(Informative Appendix)
Metallic materials commonly used in liquid oxygen working conditions
GB/T 31481—2015/IS0 21010 :2014 Metal materials commonly used in liquid oxygen working conditions are shown in Table A.1. The compatibility of materials should be evaluated before use. Table A.1 Metal materials commonly used in liquid oxygen working conditions Cryogenic containers and related equipment
Mobile containers
Fixed containers
Inner containers
Inner containers
Wide doors and safety protection devices
Flexible sensitive pipes
Vaporizers
Insulation systems
Low alloy steels
Note: Items marked with \/\ are selected items. Nickel steel
Common metal materials
Austenitic stainless steel
Copper and nickel alloys
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
GB/T 3148 1—2015/IS0 210 10 :2014B.1 Overview
Appendix B
(Normative Appendix)
Autoignition Test (Explosion Test)
This appendix specifies the test method for determining the autoignition temperature of non-metallic materials in pressurized oxygen. The autoignition temperature is the basis for comparing and classifying materials. For materials used in pressurized oxygen, the autoignition temperature is also one of the bases for selecting materials.
B.2 Principle
A small amount of test material is slowly heated in pressurized oxygen. The changes in pressure and temperature are continuously recorded, and the autoignition point of the material is determined based on the sudden increase in temperature and pressure. B.3
Test piece preparation
Prevent contamination during test piece preparation. Www.bzxZ.net
Test pieces can be liquid or solid. Solid material test pieces should be divided into at least 6 pieces. The total mass of the test piece in each test should be not less than 60g.
B.4 Test equipment
The basic principle diagram of the test equipment is shown in Figure B.1. If an induction heating furnace is used for heating, the heating rate can reach 110℃/min. The heating rate of other heating methods should not exceed 20℃/min. The thermocouple should be installed in a sleeve and placed as close to the test piece as possible. The temperature change should be monitored by connecting a recorder. The accuracy of temperature monitoring and recording should not be less than ±2℃.
The internal pressure should also be monitored and recorded with an accuracy of not less than ±0.2MPa. The test equipment, especially the high-pressure chamber, should be able to withstand the pressure generated by violent reactions (such as explosions). B.5 Purity
The oxygen purity of the test gas should not be less than 99.5%, and the content of hydrocarbons should be less than 10mL/m. B.6 Test steps
After the sample is loaded into the test piece cavity, it is placed in the high-pressure chamber. After the gas and combustion products remaining in the high-pressure chamber from the previous test are purged, the high-pressure chamber is closed. Then, oxygen is introduced at a small initial pressure so that the pressure when it is ignited is not less than 12.0MPa. Adjust the heating power to control the heating rate at about 20℃/min, and continuously record the temperature and pressure until the sample self-ignites, or reaches 400℃, or reaches the required higher temperature. GB/T 31481--2015/ISO 21010:2014 When the combustion reaction occurs, the temperature and pressure will rise suddenly. The temperature and pressure values ​​displayed by the recorder can be used to determine the self-ignition temperature of the material. B.7 Results Three parameters are determined through the test records: T, AT and AP, as shown in Figure B, 2. They are:
Self-ignition temperature;
Temperature increment at the moment of self-ignition;
Pressure increment at the moment of white combustion:
According to the different white combustion temperatures of the materials, the materials can be classified. The size of the temperature increment △T and the pressure increment △ reflects the severity of the combustion reaction. t
Description:
-Test sample:
-Oxygen inlet: not less than 12.0 MPa under ignition conditions:3
Pressure sensor;
Temperature sensor;
-Heating element: Heating rate 20℃/min, can be heated to 500℃. High pressure chamber for spontaneous combustion test
GB/T 31481—2015/ISO 21010:2014￥+
Time corresponding to the temperature and pressure change:
Pressure under spontaneous combustion degree;
--pressure peak value,
4 temperature peak value:
5----spontaneous combustion temperature:
Test report
Spontaneous combustion test
Time (min)
-Temperature ()
Pressure p (MPa).
Observe the correspondence between temperature and pressure and time
The test results are recorded in the report sheet. The sample report sheet is shown in Table B.1. -iiiKANiKAca
Spontaneous combustion test
1-Test unit
2-Test material
Material application
Use conditions
Morphology, swelling, appearance
Supplier
Trade name
Test piece mass/g
Under spontaneous combustion temperature
1-Spontaneous combustion temperature/℃
5-Remarks
Report issuance
Temperature/℃
Pressure/MPa
Spontaneous combustion test report
3-Test results
GB/T 3148I--2015/JS0 21010:2014Test No.
Pressure/MPa
Temperature/℃
Under autoignition temperature
GB/T31481—2015/ISO2T010:2014C.1Overview
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Pressure shock test
This appendix specifies the test method for testing the reaction of non-metallic materials (solid, colloid or liquid) under the pressure shock of oxygen, air or oxygen-containing mixed gas, which is used to determine the maximum working pressure allowed for non-metallic materials. This test simulates the working conditions that non-metallic materials may encounter in actual use, such as rapid opening and closing of valves, equipment or channel rupture. This test method can be applied to working conditions with a working pressure greater than or equal to 1,0 MPa. C.2Principle
The test device is equipped with a reaction vessel, an oxygen storage vessel, a valve and its connecting pipeline. Place a small amount of test material in a reaction vessel, open the valve too quickly to introduce high-pressure oxygen, and subject the test material to the impact of high-pressure oxygen. Adjust the pressure of the oxygen storage container so that the pressure in the pipe rises from the initial pressure N to the final pressure P. The pressure increase process should be as adiabatic as possible.
If a sudden increase in temperature is observed, it indicates that the test material and oxygen have reacted. If the pressure increase process is adiabatic, the temperature rise will be higher.
If the pressure rises to the final pressure and no reaction between the sample and oxygen is found, the pressure at this time can be used as the maximum working pressure allowed for the material.
C.3 Sample preparation
The solid material sample should be divided into at least 6 pieces, and the liquid material should be coated on the ceramic fiber material. The total mass of the sample for each test should be 0.2g~0.5g. C.4 Test equipment
The basic structural diagram of the test device is shown in Figure C, 1. The sample is placed in a steel pipe with a volume of 15cm (see Figure C.1, item 10). This steel pipe is used as a reaction vessel and is connected to the oxygen storage container (see Figure C.1 Item 7) through a 750 mm long pipe (see Figure C.1, Item 9, outer diameter 14 mm) and a pneumatic quick-opening valve (see Figure C.1, Item 6). The opening speed of the pneumatic quick-opening valve should be able to ensure that the pressure in the reaction chamber rises to the test value within 15 ms~20 ms. Use two heaters (see Figure C.1, Item 4) to heat the oxygen storage container and the reaction container to (60±3)℃. After a pressure shock is completed, exhaust should be exhausted through the exhaust valve (see Figure C.1, Item 8) to reduce the pressure in the reaction container to atmospheric pressure. The temperature of the sample in the reaction container and the temperature of the oxygen in the oxygen storage container are measured by thermocouples (see Figure C.1, Item 5). The pressure is measured by a pressure sensor (see Figure C.1, 3). The accuracy requirements for pressure and temperature recording are ±0.2 MPa and ±2℃ respectively. The test equipment, especially the reaction container, should be able to withstand violent internal reactions. 10
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