Some standard content:
GB/T4180—2000
Cited standards
4.1 Material classification
4.2 Material grades
5 Requirements
6 Test methods
6.1 Test specimens
6.2 Test methods
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Auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials Appendix A (suggestive appendix)
Appendix B (suggestive appendix)
Typical demagnetization curves of sintered rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials….….Appendix C (suggestive appendix)Typical compounds, manufacturing processes and application guidelines of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials 2
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GB/T4180—2000
This standard is a revision of GB/T4180—1984 "Rare Earth Copper Permanent Magnet Material Series". At present, there is no international standard or foreign advanced standard that completely corresponds to this standard. This revision actively adopts the provisions on the magnetic properties of rare earth copper permanent magnet materials in IEC404-8-1:1986 "Magnetic Materials Part 8: Special Materials Specifications Chapter 1 Hard Magnetic Materials Standard Specifications" and its Supplement 2 (1992). The preparation of this standard complies with the provisions of GB/T1.3-1997 "Guidelines for Standardization Work Unit 1: Drafting and Expression Rules of Standards Part 3: Product Standard Preparation Regulations". The materials given in this standard are typical materials in rare earth copper permanent magnet materials, and the possibility of each manufacturer providing supplementary grade materials is not excluded. The dimensional tolerance, magnetic properties and other inspection parameters of permanent magnet components of certain shapes and sizes made of rare earth copper permanent magnet materials should be agreed upon between users and manufacturers.
The main differences between this standard and the previous version of GB/T4180-1984 are as follows: a) Two chapters "referenced standards" and "definitions" are added, b) RCos series and RzCo1 series are listed separately. c) All magnetic properties of sintered RCo6 and R2Co17 materials in IEC404-8-11986 and its supplement 2 (1992) are adopted and listed in the corresponding IEC classification codes.
d) Rcp6 series and R,Co17 series are supplemented with high magnetic polarization intensity coercivity (high internal coercivity) materials, and listed according to low and high magnetic polarization intensity coercivity. e) The appendix has been adjusted and supplemented. The manufacturing process content has been supplemented, the application guide has been added, and the typical demagnetization curve has been adjusted. From the date of implementation, this standard will replace GB/T4180-1984 at the same time. Appendix A, Appendix B and Appendix C of this standard are all suggestive appendices. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Magnetic Components and Ferrite Materials. This standard was drafted by the Southwest Institute of Applied Magnetism of China. The main drafters of this standard are Liu Jian, Wang Yongqiang, Zhang Ming, Jin Bilun, Yi Quanrui and Li Kewen. This standard was first issued on March 9, 1984. iZw.ne
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Permanent magnetic material of rare earth cobalt
Permanent magnetic material of rare earth cobaltGB/T4180—2000
Replaces GB/T4180—1984
This standard specifies the classification, material grade, main magnetic properties and test methods of rare earth cobalt permanent magnetic materials. It also gives the typical values of auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties. This standard is applicable to rare earth cobalt permanent magnetic materials. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T3217-1992 Magnetic test methods for permanent magnetic (hard magnetic) materials GB/T9637-1988 Basic terms and definitions of magnetism 3 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions, and other definitions can be found in GB/T9637. 3.1 Coercive field strength coercivefieldstrength The magnetic field strength when the magnetic flux density (magnetic polarization intensity or magnetization intensity) is zero. Note
1 When expressed in a graph, this value corresponds to the intersection of the magnetization curve of the magnetic flux density (magnetic polarization intensity or magnetization intensity) and H. 2 The coercive field strength is related to the static or dynamic magnetization process. When there is no specification, it refers to the static magnetization process. [2.22 in GB/T9637-1988] 3.2 Remanent flux density remanent flux density; remanent magnetic induction; remanent magnetic polarization, remanent magnetization The value of magnetic flux density (magnetic induction, magnetic polarization or magnetization) when the external magnetic field strength (including self-demagnetization field strength) is zero. Note
1 In this case, the remanent flux density is equal to the remanent magnetic polarization and is also equal to the magnetic constant multiplied by the remanent magnetization. 2 If expressed in a graph, this is the intersection of the magnetization curve and the B (J or M) axis. [2.25 in GB/T9637-1988] 3.3 Coercivity He (H) (Hm) coercivity H (H) (Hm) The coercive field strength value obtained by using a monotonically changing magnetic field to make the material start from a saturated state. Notes
1H is usually called magnetic induction coercivity or magnetic flux density coercivity. 2H (HM) is usually called magnetic polarization coercivity (magnetization coercivity) or internal coercivity. 3.4 Remanence (remanence) B, remanenceBr The residual magnetic flux density value obtained by using a monotonically changing magnetic field to make the material start from a saturated state. 3.5BH Energy product (magnetic energy product) BHproduct The product of magnetic flux density and magnetic field intensity at any point on the demagnetization curve of a permanent magnet. It is a parameter that characterizes the total energy stored in the magnetic field generated by a unit volume of permanent magnetic materials. Notes
1 The maximum value obtained on the demagnetization curve is (BH) mx. GB/T4180—2000
2 The energy stored in the external magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet per unit volume is W=(BH)/2 [4.9 in GB/T9637—1988]. 4 Classification
4.1 Material classification
4.1.1 The materials specified in this standard belong to the category of permanent magnetic materials, the subcategory of rare earth diamond permanent magnetic alloys, code R5. 4.1.2 Rare earth diamond permanent magnetic materials are divided into RCos series and R2Co17 series according to their structural characteristics. 4.1.3 The same series of rare earth diamond permanent magnetic materials are divided into varieties such as low magnetic polarization intensity coercivity and high magnetic polarization intensity coercivity according to their magnetic characteristics. Each variety has several grades.
4.1.4 Each grade of material can be processed into permanent magnetic components of various specifications according to the required shape and size. 4.2 Material designation
The designation of rare earth diamond permanent magnet material consists of four parts: a) Part 1: The main name of the material, expressed in Chinese phonetic letters. XG represents rare earth diamond; b) Part 2: The manufacturing characteristics of the material, expressed in Chinese phonetic letters. S represents sintering, and N represents c) Part 3: The main magnetic properties of the material, expressed in Arabic numeral fractions. The numerator represents the nominal value of the maximum magnetic energy product (BH) m of the material (unit: kJ/m), and the denominator represents the tenth of the minimum value of the magnetic polarization intensity coercive force H of the material (unit: kA/m). The value is rounded to an integer;
d) Part 1: The magnetic structure characteristics of the material, expressed in Chinese phonetic letters. T represents magnetic isotropy: when this part is missing, it represents magnetic anisotropy.
4.2.2 Material grade example:
5 Requirements
160/120
Default means anisotropy
Indicates: The nominal value of (BH)mx is 160kJ/mThe minimum value of H is 1200kA/m
Indicates sintering
Indicates rare earth cobalt
The main magnetic properties of sintered rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials shall comply with the provisions of Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. The main magnetic properties of bonded rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials shall comply with the provisions of Table 3. 5.3
The auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials are shown in Appendix A (suggestive appendix). 5.4
Appendix B (suggestive appendix) gives the typical demagnetization curve of sintered rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials. 5.5 Appendix C (suggestive appendix) gives the typical compounds, manufacturing processes and application guidelines of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials. 2
Low magnetic polarization
Strong coercivity
High magnetic polarization
Strong coercivity
Material grade
XGS80/36
XGS100/80
XGS135/96
XGS165/80
XGS135/120
XGS135/16 0
XGS165/120
XGS165/145
GB/T4180—2000
RCos series sintered rare earth drill permanent magnet material main magnetic properties maximum magnetic energy product
TEC classification code
R5-1-1
R5-1-2
R5-1-3
(BH)m x
80~120
120~150
150~180
120~150
120~150bzxz.net
150~180
150~180
Remanence (remanence)
Minimum value
Coercive force
Minimum value
Minimum value||tt ||Typical compounds
Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)s
(Sm,Pr)Co
SmCos or
(Sm,Pr)Co
The C classification code complies with the provisions of C404-8-1. Except for the upper limit of the range of (BH)mx, the main magnetic properties of each grade of material are the same as those of the corresponding IEC classification code. Manufacturers can provide other supplementary grades of materials, such as rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials with higher magnetic polarization strength and coercive force (H.). 2
Main magnetic properties of R2Co17 series sintered rare earth drill permanent magnet materials Table 2
Maximum magnetic energy product
Low magnetic polarization
Strength coercivity
High magnetic polarization
Strength coercivity
Material brand
XGS180/50
XGS185/70
XGS195/40
XG S195/90
XGS205/45
XGS205/70
XGS235/45
XGS205/120
XGS205/160
EC classification code
R5-1-11
R5-1-12
R5-1-13
R5-1-1 4
(BH)max
165~195
170~200
180~210
180~210
1 90~220
190~220
220~250
190~220
190~220
Remanent magnetism (remanence)||tt ||Minimum value
Coercive force
Minimum value
Minimum value
Typical compound
Sm2(Co,Cu，
Fe,Zr)17
The positive C classification code complies with the provisions of IEC404-8-1. Except for the upper limit of the (BH)m increase range, the main magnetic properties of each grade of material are the same as those of the corresponding EC classification code. Manufacturers can provide other supplementary grades of materials, such as rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials with higher magnetic polarization strength and coercive force (ugly). 3
Low magnetic polarization
Strength Coercive force
Material grade
XGN65/60
GB/T4180—2000
Main magnetic properties of bonded rare earth drill permanent magnet materials Maximum magnetic energy product
EC classification code
R5-3-1
(BH)mx
Remanence (remanence)
Minimum value
Coercive force||tt ||Minimum value
Minimum value
Typical compound
SmCos or
Sm2(Co,Cu，
Fe,Zr)1z
1The positive EC classification code complies with the provisions of IEC404-8-1. Except for the upper limit of the increase range of (BH)m, the main magnetic properties of each grade of material are the same as those of the corresponding positive C classification code. 2The manufacturer can provide other supplementary grades of materials. 6Test method
6.1Test specimen
W.71zW.cob
The test specimen should have a uniform rectangular or circular cross-section along the magnetization axis. It is recommended to use a test specimen with a cross-sectional area of 50mm~320mm and a length of 8mm~20mm along the magnetization axis. The rest shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T3217. If the above size conditions are not met, inaccurate measurement values may be obtained. 6.2 Test method
The magnetic test method of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material shall be in accordance with the provisions of GB/T3217. The main magnetic properties of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material specified in this standard are obtained by measuring the sample after technical magnetization saturation under normal test atmospheric conditions in accordance with the provisions of GB/T3217. The recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field intensity of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material is shown in Table C1 in Appendix C (Suggestive Appendix).
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GB/T4180—2000
Appendix A
(Suggestive Appendix)
Auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material A1 The auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties of sintered rare earth cobalt permanent magnet material are shown in Table A1. Table A1 Auxiliary magnetic properties and some mechanical and physical properties of sintered rare earth drill permanent magnet materials Typical compounds Parameter name Magnetic remanence Temperature coefficient Auxiliary magnetic Mechanical physics Magnetic polarization Coercive force Temperature coefficient α (H) Curie temperature T. Recovery permeability Pe Density D Vickers hardness HV Resistivity p Compression strength 0.
Tensile strength
Flexural strength
Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)
5×10-4
SmCos、(Sm,Pr)Co5
R2Co1 series
Sm2(Co,Cu,Fe,Zr)
8.5×10-5
1The measurement temperature range of a(B.) and a(H) is from 273K to 373K, but it does not prevent these materials from being used outside this temperature range. 2Typical values are for reference only and are not used as a criterion for material acceptance or rejection. 3Manufacturers can provide other rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials with remanence (remanence) temperature coefficients [a(B.)]. Bonded rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials use different organic binders and molding methods, and their auxiliary magnetic properties and mechanical and physical properties are different than A2
, so they are not listed one by one in this standard.
Appendix B
(Suggested Appendix)
Typical demagnetization curves of sintered rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials. The typical demagnetization curves of sintered rare earth drill permanent magnet materials with low and high magnetic polarization strength coercivity are shown in Figure B1 and Figure B2 respectively. 5
GB/T4180—2000
XGS205/70J-H
XGS165/80J-H
XGS205/70B-11
XGS165/B0BH400
-H/kA/m
Figure B1Typical demagnetization curves of sintered rare earth drill permanent magnet materials with low magnetic polarization strength coercivity of XGS165/80 and XGS205/701200
XGS205/160J
XGS 165/145 JH
XGS 205/160 B -H
/XGS 165/:15 BH 400
-H/kA/m
XGS165/145, XGS205/160 Typical demagnetization of high magnetic polarization strength coercivity sintered rare earth diamond water magnetic materials Appendix C
(Suggested Appendix)
Typical compounds, manufacturing processes and application guidelines of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials C1 Typical compounds of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials Typical compounds of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials are shown in Figure c1. 6
Rare earth diamond water magnetic material powder
GB/T4180—2000
RCos series
R,Coi series
Figure C1 Typical compounds of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials Ce(Cu,Cu,Ft:)s
(Sm.Pr)Cos
S2(Co, Cu,Fe,ZI) r
Rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials are divided into two types of intermetallic compound structures, RCo6 and R2Co17. The rare earth metal (R) in the RCos type is usually (Ce), (Sm), zirconium (Pr) or other rare earth metals, or these rare earth metal mixtures (MM). The rare earth metal (R) in the R2Co17 type is the same as that in RCos, usually (Sm). Part of the cobalt (Co) is replaced by iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf) or other transition metals (TM).
Rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials have a high uniaxial anisotropy hexagonal crystal structure. C2 Rare Earth Cobalt Permanent Magnet Manufacturing Process
The main industrial manufacturing processes of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials are powder metallurgy and bonding method. C2.1 Powder Metallurgy (Sintering Method)
Powder metallurgy (sintering method) is the main manufacturing method for high-performance rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials. Its typical process flow is shown in Figure C2. Release on Gold Network
Original Village Material
【Reduction Diffusion Method
Micro-extraction
Tempering
Aging Treatment
Static Drilling
Permanent Magnet Material
Note: Reduction Diffusion (R/D method) is to reduce rare earth oxides with metallic calcium (Ca), and then directly obtain rare earth cobalt alloy powder through the mutual diffusion of rare earth metals and transition metal atoms such as metallic cobalt (Co). It is a low-cost manufacturing process for rare earth cobalt alloy powder. Usually there is commercial rare earth cobalt alloy powder for sale. Figure C2 Typical process flow chart of powder metallurgy (sintering method) C2.2 Bonding method
The bonding method is a manufacturing process that uses rare earth cobalt permanent magnet powder as raw material and mixes it with a binder (usually an organic binder), and then presses, extrude or injects it into a mold, and then solidifies it. It can directly obtain permanent magnet components with complex shapes. C3 Application Guide of Rare Earth Cobalt Permanent Magnet Materials
C3.1 Application Scope
Rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials are widely used in microwave communications, electrical engineering, instrumentation, magnetic machinery, magnetization and magnetic therapy. Due to its high magnetic properties and good temperature stability, it is particularly suitable for microwave devices, servo motors, measuring instruments and other static or dynamic magnetic circuits. C3.2 Structural characteristics and design processing
Sintered rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials are brittle and lack ductility. They are not suitable for use as structural parts during design. Wire cutting machines, slicers and grinders are suitable for processing. As long as the minor appearance defects of permanent magnet components made of sintered rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials do not affect the normal assembly or function, they rarely damage the magnetic properties, stability and anti-demagnetization ability of permanent magnet components. Bonded rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials can directly manufacture permanent magnet components with complex shapes and good mechanical strength. C3.3 Magnetization and pre-stabilization treatment
Rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials should be used as far as possible after technical magnetization saturation. Without technical magnetization saturation or multiple charging and demagnetization, the material cannot obtain the magnetic properties it should have, and its efficiency and stability will be damaged. Except for special circumstances, it is not recommended to use demagnetization methods to obtain the required magnetic properties. 7
GB/T4180—2000
For applications with high stability requirements, it is recommended to use pre-stabilization treatment for rare earth diamond permanent magnet components. The treatment temperature should be appropriately higher than the actual use temperature. During treatment, depending on the specific situation of use, the magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components are fixed on a non-ferromagnetic substrate or treated under simulated working conditions.
The magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components have extremely strong attraction. During packaging, assembly and transportation, they should be placed close to each other without protection or adsorbed with other ferromagnetic materials to avoid falling, cracking or personal injury. C3.4 Minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials The recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials is shown in Table C1. Table c1
Typical compounds
Minimum cell and magnetization
Magnetic field strength H
Unit conversion
Recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials Smz (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 1
When Ha ≥ 800
Sm2 (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 17
When Ha < 800
The SI and CGS units of magnetic quantities and their conversion are shown in Table C2. (Sm, Pr) Cog
Table C2 SI and CGS units of magnetic quantities and names of their exchange quantities
Magnetic flux [quantity]
Magnetic field strength Coercive force
Magnetic flux density (magnetic induction intensity)
Remanence (remanence)
Maximum magnetic energy product
H, Ha, H&
Units of quantities
CGS system
T(Wb/m2)
Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)
Unit conversion
1Wb-10*x
1kA/m=4nX10-k0e
1T=10kGs
1kJ/m*=4nX10+MG0e
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1 table Ying 60 wing3 Magnetization and pre-stabilization treatment
Rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials should be used after technical magnetization saturation as much as possible. Without technical magnetization saturation or multiple charging and demagnetization, the material cannot obtain the magnetic properties it should have, and its efficiency and stability will be damaged. Except for special circumstances, it is not recommended to use demagnetization methods to obtain the required magnetic properties. 7
GB/T4180—2000
For applications with high stability requirements, it is recommended to use pre-stabilization treatment for rare earth diamond permanent magnet components. The treatment temperature should be appropriately higher than the actual use temperature. During treatment, depending on the specific situation of use, the magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components should be fixed on a non-ferromagnetic substrate or treated under simulated working conditions.
The magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components have extremely strong attraction. During packaging, assembly, and transportation, they should be placed close to each other without protection or adsorbed with other ferromagnetic materials to avoid falling blocks, cracking, or personal injury. C3.4 Minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials The recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials is shown in Table C1. Table c1
Typical compounds
Minimum cell and magnetization
Magnetic field strength H
Unit conversion
Recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials Smz (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 1
When Ha ≥ 800
Sm2 (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 17
When Ha < 800
The SI and CGS units and their conversions of the relevant magnetic quantities are shown in Table C2. (Sm, Pr) Cog
Table C2 SI and CGS units of relevant magnetic quantities Names of units and their conversion quantities
Magnetic flux[quantity]
Magnetic field strength Coercive force
Magnetic flux density (magnetic induction intensity)
Remanence (remanence)
Maximum magnetic energy product
H, Ha, H&
Units of quantities
CGS system
T(Wb/m2)
Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)
Unit conversion
1Wb-10*x
1kA/m=4nX10-k0e
1T=10kGs
1kJ/m*=4nX10+MG0e
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1 table Ying 60 wing3 Magnetization and pre-stabilization treatment
Rare earth diamond permanent magnet materials should be used after technical magnetization saturation as much as possible. Without technical magnetization saturation or multiple charging and demagnetization, the material cannot obtain the magnetic properties it should have, and its efficiency and stability will be damaged. Except for special circumstances, it is not recommended to use demagnetization methods to obtain the required magnetic properties. 7
GB/T4180—2000
For applications with high stability requirements, it is recommended to use pre-stabilization treatment for rare earth diamond permanent magnet components. The treatment temperature should be appropriately higher than the actual use temperature. During treatment, depending on the specific situation of use, the magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components should be fixed on a non-ferromagnetic substrate or treated under simulated working conditions.
The magnetized rare earth diamond permanent magnet components have extremely strong attraction. During packaging, assembly, and transportation, they should be placed close to each other without protection or adsorbed with other ferromagnetic materials to avoid falling blocks, cracking, or personal injury. C3.4 Minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials The recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials is shown in Table C1. Table c1
Typical compounds
Minimum cell and magnetization
Magnetic field strength H
Unit conversion
Recommended minimum saturation magnetization magnetic field strength of rare earth cobalt permanent magnet materials Smz (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 1
When Ha ≥ 800
Sm2 (Co, Cu, Fe, Zr) 17
When Ha < 800
The SI and CGS units and their conversions of the relevant magnetic quantities are shown in Table C2. (Sm, Pr) Cog
Table C2 SI and CGS units of relevant magnetic quantities Names of units and their conversion quantities
Magnetic flux[quantity]
Magnetic field strength Coercive force
Magnetic flux density (magnetic induction intensity)
Remanence (remanence)
Maximum magnetic energy product
H, Ha, H&
Units of quantities
CGS system
T(Wb/m2)
Ce(Co,Cu,Fe)
Unit conversion
1Wb-10*x
1kA/m=4nX10-k0e
1T=10kGs
1kJ/m*=4nX10+MG0e
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1 table Ying 60 wing
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