Technical Code for Evaluating Germplasm Resources-Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)
Some standard content:
ICS 65.020.01
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T 1303--2007
Technical Code for Evaluating Germplasm Resources-Potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)
Issued on April 17, 2007
Implemented on July 1, 2007
Issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T1303—2007
Appendices A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I in this standard are informative appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The drafting units of this standard are: Potato Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are: Liu Xicai, Sun Bangsheng, Zhang Wenying, Zhang Lijuan, Li Jun, Lai Jiling, Liu Weiping, Qian Yongzhong. 1 Scope Technical regulations for identification of crop germplasm resources Potato NY/T1303—2007 This standard specifies the technical requirements and methods for identification of potato (Solanum tuberusum L.) germplasm resources. This standard is applicable to the identification of botanical characteristics, biological characteristics, quality traits and disease resistance of potato (Sotanum tuberusum-L.) germplasm resources. The identification of other species refers to this regulation. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard: For all references with dates, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata or revised versions) are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties who have reached an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all references without dates, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T5009.7 Determination of reducing sugar in food GB/T5009.9 Determination of non-flowing powder in food
GB/T6195 Determination of vitamin C content in fruits and vegetables (2,6-dihydropyridine) (Phenol titration method) GB/T8856 Method for determination of crude protein in fruits and vegetables 3 Requirements
3.1 Identification site
The environmental conditions at the site should be able to meet the normal growth of potato plants and the normal expression of their traits. 3.2 Sample collection
Samples should be collected when the plants are growing normally. The identification should be carried out continuously for 2 to 3 long cycles. 3.3 Identification content
The identification content is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Identification content of potato germplasm resources
Sprout shape, sprout color, plant type, sausage shape, luster, leaf color, leaf surface gloss, leaf edge, leaflet Plant density, width and spot of top leaflets, bulging top leaflets, shape of salt part of top leaflets: shape of stipules, shape of corolla, size of corolla, color of corolla, double-petaled flowers, color of pedicel nodes, lip shape of stigma, color of stigma, length of anther, shape of anther, color of potato, skin color, depth of bud eye, color of bud eye, number of buds, smoothness of potato skin, flesh color. Biological characteristics
Quality traits
Anti-cancer
Plant height, number of stems, branching type, luxuriant plant, thick curl, profuse flowering, natural fruiting, concentration of tuber, uniformity of tuber, small size of tuber, dormancy of tuber yield, ploidy, growth period, flammability, Seedling stage, seedling stage, flowering stage, maturity stage dry matter content, starch content, vitamin C content, crude protein content, reducing sugar content, taste resistance to potato virus X, potato virus Y, potato sheath A, potato leaf blight, potato leaf blight, potato tuber late spot 4 Identification methods
4.1 Botanical characteristics
4.1.1 Shoot shape
Randomly select 10 sprouts and put them in a simple incubator; culture them at room temperature of about 15℃ and light intensity of 51x~101x, and wait until the sprouts grow 1
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2cm-3cr1, according to Figure 1, the shape of the base of the young shoots is determined by the maximum similarity. It is divided into round, oval, conical, wide cylindrical, narrow cylindrical, etc.
4.1.2 Color of young shoots
Figure 1 Shape of the base of young shoots
Wide support
Narrow national column
Use the sample of 4.1.1 and observe the color of the young shoots, which are divided into green, light red, dark red, purple, purple, dark purple, brown, and blue. 4.1.3 Plant type
In the seedling stage, observe 20 plants in the middle row of the plot, observe the main extract of the aboveground part of the plant according to 2, and determine the plant type according to the main stem of the aboveground part and the ground. The plant type is divided into upright (the main stem and the ground are 90 degrees), semi-erect (45° soil steam and the ground angle <90), and spreading (the main stem and the ground angle <45 degrees).
4.1.4 Stem wing shape
Semi-erect
Figure 2 Plant type
In the budding stage, observe the main wing of the plant and determine the shape of the main wing of the plant above the ground according to Figure 3. It can be divided into straight, wavy, and wavy. Straight
Wave-soft
Figure 3 Stem wing shape
4.1.5 Sheep purse color
In the budding stage, observe the color of the main stem of the plant. The color can be divided into green, brown, purple, dark purple, and partially colored. 4.1.6 Leaf color
In the budding stage, observe the color of the front of the leaves in the middle of the plant. The color can be divided into light green, green, and dark green. 4.1.7 Leaf surface gloss
NY/T 1303—2007
In the budding stage, observe the gloss of any surface of the leaves in the middle of the plant and determine the leaf gloss. Divided into glossy, medium, and glossy. 4.1.8 Leaf margin
In the present stage, observe the leaf margin of the leaves in the middle of the plant, and determine the shape of the leaf margin of the plant according to Figure 4: divided into wavy, micro-wave, semi-expanded, wavy
4.1.9 Leaflet density
Micro-wave
Figure 4 Leaf margin
In the bud stage, observe the density of leaflets on the side of the compound leaves in the middle of the main stem of the plant, and determine the type of leaflet density according to Figure 5. Divided into sparse, medium, and dense.
4.1.10 Width of top leaflets
Figure 5 Leaflet density
Use the samples in 4.1.9 to measure the width and length of the top leaflets of the compound leaves in the middle of the main stem, and calculate the width-to-length ratio. Determine the width type of the top leaflet according to the width-to-length ratio. It is divided into narrow (width/length ≤ 0.6), medium (width/length ≤ 0.6) and wide (width/length ＞ 0.7).
4.1.11 Shape of apical leaflet
In the early stage, observe the compound apical leaflet in the middle of the main stem of the plant and determine the shape of the leaflet according to Figure 6. It is divided into shaped, wide, regular ellipse, ovate, obovate and halberd-shaped.
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2 Shape of the base of the apical leaflet
Right round
Figure 6 Shape of apical leaflet
In the early stage, observe the base of the compound apical leaflet in the middle of the main stem of the plant and determine the shape of the base of the apical leaflet according to Figure 7. Divided into heart-shaped, intercalated, heart-shaped
4.1.13 Stipule shape
Figure 7 Shape of the base of the top leaflet
In the bud stage, observe the shape of the stipule at the base of the petiole of the compound leaf of the main steam of the plant, and determine the shape of the stipule according to Figure 8. Divided into sickle-shaped, intermediate-shaped, and leaf-shaped.
Sick knife-shaped
4.1.14 Corolla shape
Figure 8 Stipule shape
In the flowering period, observe the newly opened scattered flowers and determine the shape of the corolla according to Figure 9. Divided into shape, nearly angular, and nearly circular.
4.1.15 Corolla size
Shape
Figure 9 Corolla shape
During the flowering period, 20 plants were selected continuously in the small rows of the plot, and the maximum diameter of the corolla of the newly opened flowers was measured. The results were expressed as the average value, accurate to 0.1 cmc
Based on the results, the size of the corolla was determined. The corolla was divided into small (the distance between the tips of two non-adjacent petals was 2.5 cm), medium (2.5 cm<the distance between the tips of two non-adjacent petals was 3 cm), and large (the distance between the tips of two non-adjacent petals was >3 cm). 4
4.1.16 Corolla color
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During the flowering period, under normal light conditions, the corolla colors of the newly opened flowers were observed and divided into white, light red, red, light purple, purple, blue-purple, blue, and yellow. 4.1.17 Double-petaled flowers
During the flowering period, observe the newly opened flowers of all plants according to Figure 10. Determine whether there are double flowers, and divide them into yes, no, no
Smoky-petaled flowers
4.1.18 Pedicel node color
During the flowering period, under normal light conditions, observe the color of the pedicel node. It is divided into colored (the color of the pedicel node is darker or thicker than the pedicel color) and colorless (the pedicel node is the same color as the pedicel).
4.1.19 Stigma shape
During the flowering period, determine the stigma shape according to Figure 11. It is divided into non-cleft, two-cleft, and blue-cleft. Stigma shape
4.1.20 Stigma color
During the flowering period, under normal light conditions, observe the color of the stigma of the newly opened flowers. The colors are divided into light green, green, and dark edge. 4.1.21 Stigma length
During the flowering period, observe the head of the newly opened flowers and determine the length of the stigma according to Figure 12. It is short (stigma and anther are flush), medium (only stigma is exposed outside the anther), long (both style and stigma are exposed outside the anther). Length
4.1.22 Anther shape
Figure 12 Stigma length
During the flowering period, observe the anthers of newly opened flowers, and determine the anther shape according to the principle of maximum similarity in Figure 13. It is divided into cone, cylindrical, distorted 5
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4.1.23 Anther color
Figure 13 Anther shape
During the flowering period, under normal light conditions, observe the anther color of newly opened flowers: the colors are yellow, brown, and yellow-green. 4.1.24 Potato shape
In the month of harvest, determine the potato shape according to Figure 14 with the principle of maximum similarity and divide it into oblate, round, oval, obovate, fan-shaped ellipse, ellipsoid, rectangular, oblong, long, mallet, kidney, spindle, sickle, curly, palm-shaped, accordion, and tubercle shapes Q008
Painful shape
Curly shape
4.1.25 Skin color
Rectangular
Elongated shape
Hammer shape
Accordion shape
Flat round
Yuli shape
Knot
In the month of harvest, observe the skin color of healthy potatoes that have not been exposed to sunlight. Under normal light conditions, the color of potato skin is determined according to the principle of maximum similarity. The colors are divided into milky white, light yellow, yellow, brown, light red, red, purple, dark purple, red variegated, and purple variegated. 4.1.26 Depth of eye of taro
NY/T 1303—2007
At the time of harvest, randomly select 20 healthy tubers with typical germplasm materials in the plot, observe the eye, and divide them into convex (the eye protrudes from the surface of the tuber), shallow (no obvious depression), medium (with a relatively obvious depression), and deep (with obvious depression). 4.1.27 Eye color
At the time of harvest, observe the eye color of the tuber. It is divided into red, yellow, pink, red, and purple. 4.1.28 Number of eye
Use the sample of 4.1.26 to count the number of buds on each tuber, and express it as the average value, accurate to the integer. The number of buds is divided into few (number of buds <7), medium (7 buds ≤ 12), and many (number of buds > 12). 4.1.29 Smoothness of potato skin
On the day of harvest, observe the skin of healthy and dense potatoes. The smoothness of potato skin is divided into smooth (smooth skin without net pattern), medium (relatively smooth skin with net pattern), and rough (rough skin with heavy hemp skin). 4.1.30 Flesh color
Use the sample of 4.1.26, cut the block, and observe the tuber flesh under normal light conditions. The flesh color is determined according to the principle of maximum similarity. The colors are divided into white, cream, light yellow, yellow, dark yellow, red, partly red, purple, and partly purple. 4.2 Biological characteristics
4.2.1 Plant heightbzxZ.net
At this stage, take 20 plants in the middle row of the plot and measure the height of the highest main stem of the plant from the ground to the top. The result is expressed as the average value, accurate to 0.1cm
When measuring plant height, for germplasms with semi-erect and spreading plant types, the main stem should be pulled straight down the row for measurement: 4.2.2 Number of main stems
Use the samples in 4.2.1 to count the number of stems that grow directly out of the ground from the seed potato buds (excluding the stems formed by underground creeping), and the result is expressed as the average value, accurate to the integer. 4.2.3 Branch type
Use the samples in 4.2.1 to count the number of branches on the main stem of the plant that are more than 10cm long, and the result is expressed as the average value, accurate to the integer. Determine the branch type according to its structure. It is divided into none (no branches), few (1≤number of branches<4), and many (number of branches≥4). 4.2.4 Plant luxuriance
Use the samples from 4.2.1 to observe the luxuriance of the leaves above the ground. It is divided into strong (some are inside the leaves and cannot be seen), medium (some stems are exposed outside the leaves), and weak (the stems are completely exposed outside the leaves). 4.2.5 Stem diameter
Use the samples from 4.2.1, select the thickest half of the plant above the ground, measure its maximum diameter 5cm to 10cm above the ground, and express the results as the average, accurate to 0.1cms
4.2.6 Flowering luxuriance
During the flowering period, select 20 plants in the middle row of the plot, count the number of flowers on the peduncle and branches of each plant, and express the results as the average, accurate to the last digit.
Based on the results, the flowering luxuriance is divided into few (number of flowers <6), medium (number of flowers <10), and many (number of flowers ≤10). 4.2.7 Natural fruiting
During the maturity period, 20 plants were selected in succession from the small inter-rows of the plot, and the number of berries per plant was counted. The results were expressed as the average value, accurate to the integer. According to the results, natural fruiting was divided into none (the number of fruits is 0), weak (1≥the number of fruits is 5), medium (6=the number of fruits is ≤8), strong (9 the number of fruits is ≤11). Very strong (the number of fruits is ≥[2):
4.2.8 Fruiting concentration
On the day of harvest, 20 plants were randomly selected and the length of the longest grape was measured. The results were expressed as the average value, accurate to 0.1cm. The concentration of tubers is determined by the length of the stem, which can be divided into concentrated (stem length ≤ 1 cm), medium (stem length 10 cm to 15 cm) and scattered (stem length > 15 cm) 4.2.9 Tuber uniformity Weigh the harvested tubers on the day of harvest and classify them according to their size. The grades are divided into large (single tuber weight ≥ 150 g), medium (single tuber weight 50 g to 150 g) and small (single tuber weight < 50 g). Calculate the ratio of tuber weight of each grade to the total tuber weight of the plot, and the result is accurate to 0.1%. The uniformity of tubers is determined based on the result, which can be divided into uniform (ratio of tubers of the same grade > %), medium (ratio of tubers of the same grade 60% to ≤ 80%) and irregular (ratio of tubers of the same grade < 60%). 4.2.10 Tuber size
Use the samples in 4.2.9 and determine the size of the tubers according to the ratio of small, medium and large tubers, and divide them into small (small tuber rate 80%), (medium tuber ≥ 80%), and large (large tuber rate 280%).
4.2.11 Tuber yield
During the harvest period (the month of tuber harvest), weigh the tubers collected in the plot, and the results are expressed as the mean value, accurate to 0.1kg. Then convert it into yield per hectare, accurate to the integer.
4.2.12 Dormancy
In the month of harvest, randomly select 20 healthy tubers and store them in the dark at 20℃±2℃ and relative humidity of 93%-95%: record the date when 75% of the tubers sprout (sprout length 2mm), and calculate the number of days from harvest to sprout: the results are expressed as the average value, accurate to the integer. Dormancy is divided into short (germination can begin after harvest), short (45 days from harvest to germination), medium (46 days ≤ 75 days from harvest to germination), and long (76 days from harvest to germination).
4.2.13 Ploidy
See Appendix H,
4.2.14 Growth period
Days from seedling stage to maturity:
4.2.15 Maturity|| tt||According to the maturity of growth period, it is divided into very early maturing (60 days of growth period), mature (61 days of growth period 701), medium early maturing (71.d of growth period 85d), medium maturing (86 days of growth period 105d), medium late maturing (106 days of growth period 120d), and late maturing (growth period>120d): 4.2.16 Seedling emergence period
Observe the seedlings of the plants in the plot and record the time when about 75% of the seedlings grow out. The expression method is month/month. 4.2.17 Bud emergence period
Observe the growth of flower buds of the plants in the plot and record the time when about 75% of the plants have flower buds. The expression method is month/mouth. 4.2.18 Flowering period
Observe the flowering status of the plants in the plot, and record the time when the first or second flower of the inflorescence of 75% of the plants blooms: the method is month/day. 4.2.19 Maturity period
Observe the maturity status of the plants in the plot, and record the time when more than 2/3 of the leaves of more than 75% of the plants turn yellow, the method is month/day,
4.3 Quality traits
4.3.1 Dry matter content
See Appendix I
4.3.2 Starch content
Within 2 weeks after harvest, randomly select 10 representative, undamaged, healthy tubers, wash the sample tubers, then cut each tuber longitudinally into thin slices of about 0.5 cm thickness, cut two more thin slices perpendicular to the first cut in the middle of each half tuber, mix the cut potato slices, chop them and put them in a grinder to make a paste as the test sample: follow GF/T5009.9. 8
4.3.3 Vitamin C content
Use the test sample of 4.3.2, and then follow GB/T6195. 4.3.4 Crude protein content
Use the test sample of 4.3.2. Follow GB8856. 4.3.5 Reducing sugar content
Use the test sample of 4.3.2, and follow GB/T5009.7. 4.3.6 Taste
NY/T 1303—2007
During the harvest period, randomly select 30 representative tubers that are not damaged, healthy, and not sun-greened. After washing, put the tubers directly into the steamer for steaming. Taste them after they are cooked. The taste quality is determined based on the tasting results. The taste quality is divided into excellent (fragrant, appropriate moisture, sandy), medium (appropriate moisture, no strange taste), and poor (high moisture, strange taste, poor taste). 4.4 Disease resistance
4.4.1 Potato virus X resistance
See Appendix Ac
4.4.2 Potato virus Y resistance
See Appendix B,
4.4.3 Potato virus A resistance
See Appendix C
4.4.4 Potato virus S resistance
See Appendix D.
4.4.5 Resistance to potato leaf roll virus
See Appendix F.
4.4.6 Resistance to late blight of potato plants
See Appendix F.
4.4.7 Resistance to late blight of potato tubers
See Appendix G
NY/T 1303—2007
A.1 Scope
Appendix A
【Informative Appendix】
Identification of potato virus X resistance
This appendix is used to identify the resistance of potato germplasm resources to potato virus X. A.2 Instruments and equipment
A.2.1 Insect-proof greenhouse.
A.2.2 Flower: LI diameter 30cm
A.2.3 Complete set of ELISA instruments and equipment.
A.2.4 Spray gun: 1.5kg/cm2-2kg/cm2 pressure A.3 Reagents
A.3.1 All reagents for ELISA.
A.3.2 Phosphate buffer: 0.01inkol/1.v A.4 Identification steps
A.4.1 Preparation of sowing matrix
Mix leech and peat in a ratio of 1:1, and use them after high-temperature steam sterilization. A.4.2 Sowing and seedling raising
The resistance identification test is carried out in an insect-proof greenhouse. The test materials are all virus-free healthy original seed potatoes. Before sowing, germinate under scattered light at room temperature of about 15℃. When the seedlings are 1cm deep, sow them in a 30cm diameter flower pit, one pit per pot, and repeat 3 times for each variety, with 60 seedlings per repeat. Seedling raising in a greenhouse at 17℃C21℃: set disease-resistant and disease-susceptible control varieties. A.4.3 Preparation of inoculation solution
Inoculation source potato sauce X virus is cultivated on ordinary tobacco, the temperature is 20%--28℃, and the light is natural. After about 20d~25, the diseased leaves are picked, and 0.01mol/L phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) of 5 times the weight of fresh diseased leaves is added. After crushing, the double-layer gauze is filtered and the filtrate is immediately used for inoculation.
A.4.4 Inoculation method
When the sixth leaf of potato is unfolded, the potato X virus source mixed with diamond sand is sprayed and inoculated at a distance of about 5cm from the plant with a spray gun at a pressure of 1.5kg/cm2~2kg/ur2. After the first digging, the second inoculation is carried out. After inoculation, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 20℃--28℃, and timely watering and insecticide spraying are guaranteed. A.5 Disease investigation and evaluation standards
Three days after the first inoculation, the disease situation is investigated. The number of diseased plants and the disease level were recorded. For individual plants without symptoms, the ELISA method was used to detect the disease on the middle and upper leaves of the plants. The tuber yield was measured after harvest, and the tuber was tested for virus using the EI.TSA method. According to the symptoms and virus test results, resistance was divided into six types: ) Immune (no symptoms, leaves and tubers ELISA reaction negative 1.000
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