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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for Dynamic Observation of Groundwater in Urban Area
CJJ/T76—98
1999 Beijing
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specification for Dynamic Observation of Groundwater in Urban Area
CJJ/T76—98
Editing Unit: Comprehensive Survey, Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of ConstructionApproving Department: Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of ChinaEffective Date: March 1, 1999
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Notice on the Release of the Industry Standard "Regulations for Dynamic Observation of Urban Groundwater"
Jianbiao [1998] No. 223
According to the requirements of the "Notice on Issuing the 1986 Project Plan for the Preparation and Revision of Standards, Specifications and Regulations of the Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection" (L86 Chenggui No. 31) of the former Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection, the "Regulations for Dynamic Observation of Urban Groundwater" edited by the Comprehensive Survey, Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction has been reviewed and approved as a recommended industry standard, numbered CJJ/T76-98, and will be implemented on March 1, 1999.
This standard is managed by the Ministry of Construction's Survey and Geotechnical Engineering Standards and Technology Unit, the Ministry of Construction's Comprehensive Survey, Research and Design Institute, and is responsible for the specific interpretation.
This standard is published by the Ministry of Construction's Standard and Norm Research Institute and China Building Industry Press.
Ministry of Construction of the People's Republic of China
November 13, 1998
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standards Full-text Information System
According to the requirements of the Ministry of Construction's (86) Chengguizi No. 31 document, the code compilation team has formulated this code on the basis of in-depth investigation and research, careful summary of practical experience, reference to relevant domestic and foreign standards, and extensive solicitation of opinions. The main technical contents of this code are: 1. Arrangement and construction of observation points; 2. Observation content and methods; 3. Data collation, compilation and management. This standard is managed by the Ministry of Construction's Survey and Geotechnical Engineering Standards and Technology Unit, the Ministry of Construction's Comprehensive Survey, Research and Design Institute, and is authorized to be specifically interpreted by the editor-in-chief. The main editor of this standard is: Comprehensive Survey Research and Design Institute of the Ministry of Construction (address: No. 177 Dongzhimennei Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing; zip code 100007). The participating editors of this standard are: Shaanxi Comprehensive Survey and Design Institute, Beijing Survey and Design Institute
The main drafters of this standard are: Ma Yinglin, Zhang Ziwen, Niu Han, Yao Yufeng, Liu Ru, Li Liandi, Yan Mingzhi.
March 1998
Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standards Full Text Information System
1 General Principles:
2 Arrangement of Groundwater Dynamic Observation Point Network
General Provisions
2.2 Principles for Arrangement of Observation Point Network.
2.3 Requirements for Arrangement of Observation Point Network.
3 Structural Design and Construction of Observation Holes
3.1 Structural Design of Observation Holes
3.2 Observation Holes Construction of the hole
4 Contents and methods of groundwater dynamic observation
Water level observation
Water volume observation
Water temperature observation.
Water quality monitoring·
5 Arrangement, compilation and management of groundwater dynamic observation data.5.1
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Basic requirements
Basic characteristics of groundwater dynamic observation points Water level data
Water volume data…
Water temperature data
Water quality Analytical data
Data management
Data submission
Conventional analysis items for industrial water
Water sampling and preservation methods for unstable components in groundwater Characteristic data of groundwater dynamic observation points
Engineering construction standards full-text information system
Engineering construction standards full-text information system
Appendix D
Appendix E
Groundwater dynamic observation data record
s66966600006669650066666966666 829
Annual report of groundwater dynamic observation data
Terms used in this regulation
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000600
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
1 This regulation is formulated to meet the needs of sustainable development of the national economy, to provide groundwater dynamic information data for the rational development, utilization and management of urban water resources, and for urban planning, construction engineering design and water environment protection. 1.0.2
2 This regulation is applicable to groundwater dynamic observation work in cities, water sources and engineering construction.
1.0.3 Groundwater dynamic observation items should include: water level, water volume, water temperature and water quality; the above items should also be observed for surface water bodies that are closely related to groundwater. 1.0.4 The dynamic observation of groundwater shall provide information and data on the following issues: 1 The dynamic change law of groundwater and the impact of different factors on groundwater; in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the formation, impact range, development trend and decline rate of the descending funnel shall be found out.
2 The conditions of groundwater recharge, flow and discharge, the boundary position and its nature, overflow factors and hydraulic connection with surface water bodies.
3 The current status of groundwater exploitation, exploitation intensity, balance of recharge and exploitation and future development trend.
4 The impact of groundwater dynamic change on engineering construction and existing buildings. 5
The causes and development trends of possible and existing groundwater quality changes.
In addition to complying with this regulation, the dynamic observation of urban groundwater shall also comply with the provisions of the relevant current national standards.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2 Arrangement of Groundwater Dynamic Observation Point Network
2.1 General Provisions
2.1.1 The arrangement of the observation point network should be determined according to the observation purpose, the natural geographical conditions of the city, the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the groundwater dynamic characteristics, the protection and management of groundwater data, the urban development plan and the needs of engineering construction. 2.1.2
2 The observation point network should be composed of connected observation points and observation lines. The observation points should be set up according to the specified density, and the observation lines should be arranged along the direction of the greatest change in the groundwater dynamic conditions, water chemical conditions, pollution pathways and the intensity of harmful environmental geological effects. 2.1.3 For the exploitation of multi-layer aquifer sections, some layered observation points should be appropriately arranged; for the aquifers that have a flow connection with the exploitation layer, a certain number of observation points should also be arranged to observe their groundwater dynamics.
2.1.4 According to the purpose and requirements of observation, the required observation points should be selected by using the existing exploration holes, water supply wells, springs, mines, groundwater drainage points and water intake structures in the urban planning area, and observation points can also be added by ourselves. 2.2 Principles of observation point network layout
2.2.1 The urban groundwater dynamic observation point network should cover the entire urban planning area and be able to control its groundwater dynamic changes, and should be independent and self-contained. 2.2.2 The observation points should have a reasonable distribution density, geometric position and observation frequency. The structure of the observation point network should be adjusted accordingly according to the urban water supply planning, the improvement of economic and technical conditions and the adjustment of industrial structure. 2.2.3 Under the condition of meeting the purpose and requirements of observation, the observation point network should be able to obtain the groundwater dynamic information that meets the accuracy requirements with the least investment of manpower, time and cost. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
2.3 Requirements for the layout of observation point network
2.3.1 Cities should respectively lay out long-term groundwater dynamic observation point network and unified groundwater dynamic observation point network.
2.3.2 Cities can set up specialized water source observation point network and engineering construction observation point network as needed, and can use the observation lines and observation points of the existing groundwater dynamic observation point network in the city as part of the specialized observation point network. 2.3.3 The density of the observation point network shall meet the following requirements: 1 The density of the observation point network shall be determined according to the groundwater type, observation purpose, requirements and complexity of geological and hydrogeological conditions. Long-term observation points should be selected from existing exploration holes and non-long-term production wells, recharge wells, etc.; 2 Density requirements for unified observation point network:
1) The density of unified water level observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3; Density table of unified water level observation points
Mapping scale
1:50000
1:25000
1:10000
1:5000
City center
(points/km2)
0.20~0.25
0.80~1.00
4.00~5.00
8 .00~12.00
Urban suburbs
(points/km2)
0.06~0.12
0.25~0.50
1.50~3.00
3.00~6.00
2) The density of unified observation points for water quality should not be less than 60% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
3) The density of unified observation points for water temperature should not be less than 30% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
4) The unified observation points for water quantity should be all the water supply wells and springs, recharge wells, drainage mines, etc. in use within the urban planning area. The density of the unified observation point network should be based on the need to meet the needs of drawing the results map of groundwater dynamic elements.
3 The density of the long-term observation point network should not be less than 20% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
2.3.4 The layout of the long-term observation point network in cities in different regions shall meet the following requirements: 1 Requirements for the layout of the long-term observation point network in inland cities: 1) The observation line should be parallel or perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, vertical landform boundaries, structural lines and the shore line of surface water bodies and should pass through the groundwater level drop funnel area, groundwater pollution area, etc.
2) The density of the observation point network should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.3, paragraph 3 of this regulation. However, the density of observation points should be relatively denser in the city center than in the urban effect area. 3) Auxiliary observation points can be arranged in the direction parallel to the boundary of landform (micro-landform) and in the areas where springs (or spring groups) are exposed;
4) The observation points should be denser in the funnel area of groundwater level decline, the area with close hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater, and the area of groundwater pollution; 5) The observation points should be denser in the areas where geological structure controls the dynamics of groundwater, the areas where groundwater overflow occurs, and the boundaries of groundwater recharge and discharge. 2 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in coastal cities: 1) 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the coastline, and 1 to 2 lines should be laid parallel to the coastline.
2) To observe the impact of ocean tides on groundwater levels and water quality, when the coastline is less than 3 km away from the city or the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the number of observation points should be increased. 3) For areas where seawater intrusion has occurred, when seawater has not yet invaded the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased on the side of the salt-fresh water interface close to the city, especially in the river channel or ancient river channel, and the movement of the salt-fresh water interface should be monitored; 4) When the salt-fresh water interface has moved to the scope of the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area and the area of the groundwater level drop funnel; all observation points should also serve as water level and water quality observation points. 2.3.5 The layout of the long-term observation point network at the water source should meet the following requirements: 1 The density of observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation. 2. One to two observation lines should be laid out along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of the observation task. 3. Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and wells that meet the purpose and requirements of the observation of the water source engineering construction standard full text information system
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Engineering construction standard full text information system
can be used as observation points. 4. When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water level drop funnel of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6. For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and groundwater level drop funnels or groundwater quality pollution during mining, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the funnel of water level drop in the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within the urban planning area, it is advisable to select observation points from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to the observation requirements. For water sources far away from the urban planning area, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the distribution of local wells (holes). 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) For riverside water sources, when the wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be arranged perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 lines should be arranged parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the rows of wells).
When the wells of the water source are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and 1 to 3 lines should be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to the riverbed respectively. Observation points should be densely distributed in the area near the riverbed. When the downdraft funnel affects the other side of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the other side of the river.
2) For karst fissure water sources, according to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer.
On the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer and the structural line that controls the groundwater in the water source, the observation points should be appropriately increased; 3) For water sources in alluvial and flood plain areas, 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
If necessary, auxiliary observation points can be added in addition to the mining well group (well row) to delineate the scope of the water level downdraft funnel in the water source.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Observation points should be evenly distributed. When the mining layer of the water source is a multi-layer aquifer, layered observation holes should be set up.
2.3.6 The layout of groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
When providing relevant groundwater dynamic data for building design, foundation treatment, safety inspection after building completion, etc., a groundwater dynamic observation point network related to engineering construction shall be laid out.
2When the deep foundation of key engineering buildings needs to expose multiple aquifers such as upper stagnant water, groundwater and shallow buried confined water, representative observation points shall be set up to observe the dynamics of multiple layers of groundwater.
3In cities or regions with simple hydrogeological conditions and few high-rise and underground engineering buildings, 1 to 3 observation lines can be laid out along the groundwater flow direction; for cities or regions with complex environmental hydrogeological conditions and large distribution areas of high-rise (super-high-rise) and underground engineering buildings, no less than 3 observation lines should be laid out in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
4When there is surface water in the construction area, the dynamics of the surface water should be observed, and the observation line should be laid perpendicular to the shoreline of the surface water. 5For cities that exploit shallow groundwater as the main water supply source, data from other observation point networks can be directly collected as groundwater dynamic data required for engineering construction. In key project distribution areas and in planned construction sites with special requirements for groundwater dynamic observation, additional observation points can be adjusted based on the density of the existing observation point network. In cities that use deep groundwater as a water supply source, the existing urban water supply groundwater dynamic observation point network can be used, and based on the special requirements of engineering construction for groundwater dynamic observation, the density of the original water supply observation point network can be adjusted or new observation points can be added in some construction sites.
6 The density of the groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall be determined according to the following requirements:
1) In areas with simple hydrogeological conditions, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation; 2) In areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, it shall be 1.5 times the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3 of this regulation.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
kAoNTKAca-25
0.80~1.00
4.00~5.00
8.00~12.00
Urban suburbs
(number of points/km2)
0.06~0.12
0.25~0.50
1.50~3.00
3.00~6.00
2) The density of unified observation points for water quality should not be less than 60% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
3) The density of unified observation points for water temperature should not be less than 30% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
4) The unified observation points for water quantity should be all the water supply wells and springs, recharge wells, drainage mines, etc. in use within the urban planning area. The density of the unified observation point network should be based on the need to meet the needs of drawing groundwater dynamic element results maps.
3 The density of the long-term observation point network should not be less than 20% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
2.3.4 The layout of long-term observation point networks in cities in different regions should meet the following requirements: 1 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in inland cities: 1) The observation line should be parallel or perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, vertical landform boundaries, structural lines and the shore lines of surface water bodies and should pass through groundwater level drop funnel areas, groundwater pollution areas, etc.
2) The density of the observation point network should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.3, paragraph 3 of this regulation. However, the density of observation points should be relatively denser in the city center than in the urban effect area. 3) Auxiliary observation points can be arranged in the direction parallel to the boundary of landform (micro-landform) and in the areas where springs (or spring groups) are exposed;
4) The observation points should be denser in the funnel area of groundwater level decline, the area with close hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater, and the area of groundwater pollution; 5) The observation points should be denser in the areas where geological structure controls the dynamics of groundwater, the areas where groundwater overflow occurs, and the boundaries of groundwater recharge and discharge. 2 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in coastal cities: 1) 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the coastline, and 1 to 2 lines should be laid parallel to the coastline.
2) To observe the impact of ocean tides on groundwater levels and water quality, when the coastline is less than 3 km away from the city or the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the number of observation points should be increased. 3) For areas where seawater intrusion has occurred, when seawater has not yet invaded the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased on the side of the salt-fresh water interface close to the city, especially in the river channel or ancient river channel, and the movement of the salt-fresh water interface should be monitored; 4) When the salt-fresh water interface has moved to the scope of the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area and the area of the groundwater level drop funnel; all observation points should also serve as water level and water quality observation points. 2.3.5 The layout of the long-term observation point network at the water source should meet the following requirements: 1 The density of observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation. 2. One to two observation lines should be laid out along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of the observation task. 3. Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and wells that meet the purpose and requirements of the observation of the water source engineering construction standard full text information system
kAONiTKAca-
Engineering construction standard full text information system
can be used as observation points. 4. When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water level drop funnel of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6. For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and groundwater level drop funnels or groundwater quality pollution during mining, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the funnel of water level drop in the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within the urban planning area, it is advisable to select observation points from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to the observation requirements. For water sources far away from the urban planning area, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the distribution of local wells (holes). 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) For riverside water sources, when the wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be arranged perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 lines should be arranged parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the rows of wells).
When the wells of the water source are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and 1 to 3 lines should be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to the riverbed respectively. Observation points should be densely distributed in the area near the riverbed. When the downdraft funnel affects the other side of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the other side of the river.
2) For karst fissure water sources, according to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer.
On the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer and the structural line that controls the groundwater in the water source, the observation points should be appropriately increased; 3) For water sources in alluvial and flood plain areas, 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
If necessary, auxiliary observation points can be added in addition to the mining well group (well row) to delineate the scope of the water level downdraft funnel in the water source.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Observation points should be evenly distributed. When the mining layer of the water source is a multi-layer aquifer, layered observation holes should be set up.
2.3.6 The layout of groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
When providing relevant groundwater dynamic data for building design, foundation treatment, safety inspection after building completion, etc., a groundwater dynamic observation point network related to engineering construction shall be laid out.
2When the deep foundation of key engineering buildings needs to expose multiple aquifers such as upper stagnant water, groundwater and shallow buried confined water, representative observation points shall be set up to observe the dynamics of multiple layers of groundwater.
3In cities or regions with simple hydrogeological conditions and few high-rise and underground engineering buildings, 1 to 3 observation lines can be laid out along the groundwater flow direction; for cities or regions with complex environmental hydrogeological conditions and large distribution areas of high-rise (super-high-rise) and underground engineering buildings, no less than 3 observation lines should be laid out in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
4When there is surface water in the construction area, the dynamics of the surface water should be observed, and the observation line should be laid perpendicular to the shoreline of the surface water. 5For cities that exploit shallow groundwater as the main water supply source, data from other observation point networks can be directly collected as groundwater dynamic data required for engineering construction. In key project distribution areas and in planned construction sites with special requirements for groundwater dynamic observation, additional observation points can be adjusted based on the density of the existing observation point network. In cities that use deep groundwater as a water supply source, the existing urban water supply groundwater dynamic observation point network can be used, and based on the special requirements of engineering construction for groundwater dynamic observation, the density of the original water supply observation point network can be adjusted or new observation points can be added in some construction sites.
6 The density of the groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall be determined according to the following requirements:
1) In areas with simple hydrogeological conditions, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation; 2) In areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, it shall be 1.5 times the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3 of this regulation.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
kAoNTKAca-25
0.80~1.00
4.00~5.00
8.00~12.00
Urban suburbs
(number of points/km2)
0.06~0.12
0.25~0.50
1.50~3.00
3.00~6.00
2) The density of unified observation points for water quality should not be less than 60% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
3) The density of unified observation points for water temperature should not be less than 30% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3;
4) The unified observation points for water quantity should be all the water supply wells and springs, recharge wells, drainage mines, etc. in use within the urban planning area. The density of the unified observation point network should be based on the need to meet the needs of drawing groundwater dynamic element results maps.
3 The density of the long-term observation point network should not be less than 20% of the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3. Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
2.3.4 The layout of long-term observation point networks in cities in different regions should meet the following requirements: 1 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in inland cities: 1) The observation line should be parallel or perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, vertical landform boundaries, structural lines and the shore lines of surface water bodies and should pass through groundwater level drop funnel areas, groundwater pollution areas, etc.
2) The density of the observation point network should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.3, paragraph 3 of this regulation. However, the density of observation points should be relatively denser in the city center than in the urban effect area. 3) Auxiliary observation points can be arranged in the direction parallel to the boundary of landform (micro-landform) and in the areas where springs (or spring groups) are exposed;
4) The observation points should be denser in the funnel area of groundwater level decline, the area with close hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater, and the area of groundwater pollution; 5) The observation points should be denser in the areas where geological structure controls the dynamics of groundwater, the areas where groundwater overflow occurs, and the boundaries of groundwater recharge and discharge. 2 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in coastal cities: 1) 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the coastline, and 1 to 2 lines should be laid parallel to the coastline.
2) To observe the impact of ocean tides on groundwater levels and water quality, when the coastline is less than 3 km away from the city or the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the number of observation points should be increased. 3) For areas where seawater intrusion has occurred, when seawater has not yet invaded the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased on the side of the salt-fresh water interface close to the city, especially in the river channel or ancient river channel, and the movement of the salt-fresh water interface should be monitored; 4) When the salt-fresh water interface has moved to the scope of the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area and the area of the groundwater level drop funnel; all observation points should also serve as water level and water quality observation points. 2.3.5 The layout of the long-term observation point network at the water source should meet the following requirements: 1 The density of observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation. 2. One to two observation lines should be laid out along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of the observation task. 3. Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and wells that meet the purpose and requirements of the observation of the water source engineering construction standard full text information system
kAONiTKAca-
Engineering construction standard full text information system
can be used as observation points. 4. When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water level drop funnel of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6. For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and groundwater level drop funnels or groundwater quality pollution during mining, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the funnel of water level drop in the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within the urban planning area, it is advisable to select observation points from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to the observation requirements. For water sources far away from the urban planning area, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the distribution of local wells (holes). 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) For riverside water sources, when the wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be arranged perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 lines should be arranged parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the rows of wells).
When the wells of the water source are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and 1 to 3 lines should be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to the riverbed respectively. Observation points should be densely distributed in the area near the riverbed. When the downdraft funnel affects the other side of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the other side of the river.
2) For karst fissure water sources, according to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer.
On the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer and the structural line that controls the groundwater in the water source, the observation points should be appropriately increased; 3) For water sources in alluvial and flood plain areas, 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
If necessary, auxiliary observation points can be added in addition to the mining well group (well row) to delineate the scope of the water level downdraft funnel in the water source.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Observation points should be evenly distributed. When the mining layer of the water source is a multi-layer aquifer, layered observation holes should be set up.
2.3.6 The layout of groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
When providing relevant groundwater dynamic data for building design, foundation treatment, safety inspection after building completion, etc., a groundwater dynamic observation point network related to engineering construction shall be laid out.
2When the deep foundation of key engineering buildings needs to expose multiple aquifers such as upper stagnant water, groundwater and shallow buried confined water, representative observation points shall be set up to observe the dynamics of multiple layers of groundwater.
3In cities or regions with simple hydrogeological conditions and few high-rise and underground engineering buildings, 1 to 3 observation lines can be laid out along the groundwater flow direction; for cities or regions with complex environmental hydrogeological conditions and large distribution areas of high-rise (super-high-rise) and underground engineering buildings, no less than 3 observation lines should be laid out in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
4When there is surface water in the construction area, the dynamics of the surface water should be observed, and the observation line should be laid perpendicular to the shoreline of the surface water. 5For cities that exploit shallow groundwater as the main water supply source, data from other observation point networks can be directly collected as groundwater dynamic data required for engineering construction. In key project distribution areas and in planned construction sites with special requirements for groundwater dynamic observation, additional observation points can be adjusted based on the density of the existing observation point network. In cities that use deep groundwater as a water supply source, the existing urban water supply groundwater dynamic observation point network can be used, and based on the special requirements of engineering construction for groundwater dynamic observation, the density of the original water supply observation point network can be adjusted or new observation points can be added in some construction sites.
6 The density of the groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall be determined according to the following requirements:
1) In areas with simple hydrogeological conditions, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation; 2) In areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, it shall be 1.5 times the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3 of this regulation.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
kAoNTKAca-4 The layout of long-term observation point networks in cities in different regions shall meet the following requirements: 1 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in inland cities: 1) The observation line should be parallel or perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, perpendicular to the landform boundary, the structural line and the shore line of the surface water body, and should pass through the groundwater level drop funnel area, groundwater pollution area, etc.
2) The density of the observation point network should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.3, paragraph 3 of this Code. However, the density of observation points should be relatively dense in the central area of the city compared with the urban effect area. 3) Auxiliary observation points can be arranged in the direction of parallel landform (micro-landform) boundary and in the exposed areas of springs (or spring groups);
4) The observation points should be denser in the groundwater level drop funnel area, the area with close hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater, and the groundwater pollution area; 5) The observation points should be denser in the areas where the geological structure controls the groundwater dynamics, the areas where groundwater overflow occurs, and the recharge and discharge boundaries of groundwater. 2 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in coastal cities: 1) 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the coastline, and 1 to 2 lines should be laid parallel to the coastline.
2) To observe the impact of ocean tides on groundwater levels and water quality, when the coastline is less than 3 km away from the city or the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the number of observation points should be increased. 3) For areas where seawater intrusion has occurred, when seawater has not yet invaded the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased on the side of the salt-fresh water interface close to the city, especially in the river channel or ancient river channel, and the movement of the salt-fresh water interface should be monitored; 4) When the salt-fresh water interface has moved to the scope of the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area and the area of the groundwater level drop funnel; all observation points should also serve as water level and water quality observation points. 2.3.5 The layout of the long-term observation point network at the water source should meet the following requirements: 1 The density of observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation. 2. One to two observation lines should be laid out along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of the observation task. 3. Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and wells that meet the purpose and requirements of the observation of the water source engineering construction standard full text information system
kAONiTKAca-
Engineering construction standard full text information system
can be used as observation points. 4. When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water level drop funnel of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6. For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and groundwater level drop funnels or groundwater quality pollution during mining, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the funnel of water level drop in the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within the urban planning area, it is advisable to select observation points from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to the observation requirements. For water sources far away from the urban planning area, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the distribution of local wells (holes). 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) For riverside water sources, when the wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be arranged perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 lines should be arranged parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the rows of wells).
When the wells of the water source are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and 1 to 3 lines should be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to the riverbed respectively. Observation points should be densely distributed in the area near the riverbed. When the downdraft funnel affects the other side of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the other side of the river.
2) For karst fissure water sources, according to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer.
On the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer and the structural line that controls the groundwater in the water source, the observation points should be appropriately increased; 3) For water sources in alluvial and flood plain areas, 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
If necessary, auxiliary observation points can be added in addition to the mining well group (well row) to delineate the scope of the water level downdraft funnel in the water source.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Observation points should be evenly distributed. When the mining layer of the water source is a multi-layer aquifer, layered observation holes should be set up.
2.3.6 The layout of groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
When providing relevant groundwater dynamic data for building design, foundation treatment, safety inspection after building completion, etc., a groundwater dynamic observation point network related to engineering construction shall be laid out.
2When the deep foundation of key engineering buildings needs to expose multiple aquifers such as upper stagnant water, groundwater and shallow buried confined water, representative observation points shall be set up to observe the dynamics of multiple layers of groundwater.
3In cities or regions with simple hydrogeological conditions and few high-rise and underground engineering buildings, 1 to 3 observation lines can be laid out along the groundwater flow direction; for cities or regions with complex environmental hydrogeological conditions and large distribution areas of high-rise (super-high-rise) and underground engineering buildings, no less than 3 observation lines should be laid out in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
4When there is surface water in the construction area, the dynamics of the surface water should be observed, and the observation line should be laid perpendicular to the shoreline of the surface water. 5For cities that exploit shallow groundwater as the main water supply source, data from other observation point networks can be directly collected as groundwater dynamic data required for engineering construction. In key project distribution areas and in planned construction sites with special requirements for groundwater dynamic observation, additional observation points can be adjusted based on the density of the existing observation point network. In cities that use deep groundwater as a water supply source, the existing urban water supply groundwater dynamic observation point network can be used, and based on the special requirements of engineering construction for groundwater dynamic observation, the density of the original water supply observation point network can be adjusted or new observation points can be added in some construction sites.
6 The density of the groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall be determined according to the following requirements:
1) In areas with simple hydrogeological conditions, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation; 2) In areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, it shall be 1.5 times the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3 of this regulation.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
kAoNTKAca-4 The layout of long-term observation point networks in cities in different regions shall meet the following requirements: 1 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in inland cities: 1) The observation line should be parallel or perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, perpendicular to the landform boundary, the structural line and the shore line of the surface water body, and should pass through the groundwater level drop funnel area, groundwater pollution area, etc.
2) The density of the observation point network should comply with the provisions of Article 2.3.3, paragraph 3 of this Code. However, the density of observation points should be relatively dense in the central area of the city compared with the urban effect area. 3) Auxiliary observation points can be arranged in the direction of parallel landform (micro-landform) boundary and in the exposed areas of springs (or spring groups);
4) The observation points should be denser in the groundwater level drop funnel area, the area with close hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater, and the groundwater pollution area; 5) The observation points should be denser in the areas where the geological structure controls the groundwater dynamics, the areas where groundwater overflow occurs, and the recharge and discharge boundaries of groundwater. 2 Requirements for the layout of long-term observation point networks in coastal cities: 1) 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the coastline, and 1 to 2 lines should be laid parallel to the coastline.
2) To observe the impact of ocean tides on groundwater levels and water quality, when the coastline is less than 3 km away from the city or the concentrated groundwater exploitation area, the number of observation points should be increased. 3) For areas where seawater intrusion has occurred, when seawater has not yet invaded the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased on the side of the salt-fresh water interface close to the city, especially in the river channel or ancient river channel, and the movement of the salt-fresh water interface should be monitored; 4) When the salt-fresh water interface has moved to the scope of the urban planning area, the number of observation points should be increased in the concentrated groundwater exploitation area and the area of the groundwater level drop funnel; all observation points should also serve as water level and water quality observation points. 2.3.5 The layout of the long-term observation point network at the water source should meet the following requirements: 1 The density of observation points should meet the requirements of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation. 2. One to two observation lines should be laid out along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of the observation task. 3. Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and wells that meet the purpose and requirements of the observation of the water source engineering construction standard full text information system
kAONiTKAca-
Engineering construction standard full text information system
can be used as observation points. 4. When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water level drop funnel of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6. For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and groundwater level drop funnels or groundwater quality pollution during mining, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the funnel of water level drop in the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within the urban planning area, it is advisable to select observation points from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to the observation requirements. For water sources far away from the urban planning area, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the distribution of local wells (holes). 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) For riverside water sources, when the wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be arranged perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 lines should be arranged parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the rows of wells).
When the wells of the water source are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and 1 to 3 lines should be arranged perpendicularly and parallel to the riverbed respectively. Observation points should be densely distributed in the area near the riverbed. When the downdraft funnel affects the other side of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the other side of the river.
2) For karst fissure water sources, according to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer.
On the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer and the structural line that controls the groundwater in the water source, the observation points should be appropriately increased; 3) For water sources in alluvial and flood plain areas, 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid out parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
If necessary, auxiliary observation points can be added in addition to the mining well group (well row) to delineate the scope of the water level downdraft funnel in the water source.
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Engineering Construction Standard Full-text Information System
Observation points should be evenly distributed. When the mining layer of the water source is a multi-layer aquifer, layered observation holes should be set up.
2.3.6 The layout of groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall meet the following requirements:
When providing relevant groundwater dynamic data for building design, foundation treatment, safety inspection after building completion, etc., a groundwater dynamic observation point network related to engineering construction shall be laid out.
2When the deep foundation of key engineering buildings needs to expose multiple aquifers such as upper stagnant water, groundwater and shallow buried confined water, representative observation points shall be set up to observe the dynamics of multiple layers of groundwater.
3In cities or regions with simple hydrogeological conditions and few high-rise and underground engineering buildings, 1 to 3 observation lines can be laid out along the groundwater flow direction; for cities or regions with complex environmental hydrogeological conditions and large distribution areas of high-rise (super-high-rise) and underground engineering buildings, no less than 3 observation lines should be laid out in the direction parallel and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction.
4When there is surface water in the construction area, the dynamics of the surface water should be observed, and the observation line should be laid perpendicular to the shoreline of the surface water. 5For cities that exploit shallow groundwater as the main water supply source, data from other observation point networks can be directly collected as groundwater dynamic data required for engineering construction. In key project distribution areas and in planned construction sites with special requirements for groundwater dynamic observation, additional observation points can be adjusted based on the density of the existing observation point network. In cities that use deep groundwater as a water supply source, the existing urban water supply groundwater dynamic observation point network can be used, and based on the special requirements of engineering construction for groundwater dynamic observation, the density of the original water supply observation point network can be adjusted or new observation points can be added in some construction sites.
6 The density of the groundwater dynamic observation point network for urban engineering construction shall be determined according to the following requirements:
1) In areas with simple hydrogeological conditions, it shall comply with the provisions of Table 2.3.3 of this regulation; 2) In areas with complex hydrogeological conditions, it shall be 1.5 times the number of points specified in Table 2.3.3 of this regulation.
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
kAoNTKAca-3. 2 It is advisable to lay out 1 to 2 water source observation lines along the long axis and short axis of the groundwater level drop funnel respectively. Auxiliary observation points can be laid out in the water source or its peripheral areas according to the location of the water source and the needs of its observation tasks. 3 Observation points should be set up in the central area of the water level drop funnel of the water source. All mining and land that meet the purpose and requirements of water source engineering construction standard full-text information system
kAONiTKAca-
Engineering construction standard full-text information system
can be used as observation points. 4 When the density of observation points stipulated in the above three clauses of this article is still not enough to correctly draw the shape of the water level drop funnel, distribution range and groundwater pollution range of the water source, additional observation points should be added according to the situation.
5 For water sources far away from urban planning areas, a separate observation point network should be established. 6 For water sources with a large number of mining wells, high mining intensity, and where a groundwater level drop funnel has been formed or groundwater quality has been polluted during the mining process, a separate water source observation point network should be laid out.
7 When determining the shape and scale of the water level drop funnel at the water source, and finding out the scope of groundwater pollution and the trend of pollution development, additional observation points or observation lines should be set up in the water source and its surrounding areas. For water sources within urban planning areas, observation points should be selected from the existing wells (holes) in the area according to observation requirements. For water sources far away from urban planning areas, the selection and addition of observation points can be determined based on the local well distribution. 8 Requirements for the layout of observation point networks for three main types of water sources: 1) Riverside water sources: When the mining wells of the water source are arranged in rows parallel to the riverbed, 2 to 3 observation lines should be laid perpendicular to the riverbed and 1 to 2 observation lines should be laid parallel to the riverbed (including observation lines connecting the mining well rows).
When the water source wells are arranged in other forms, the observation lines should pass through the center of the water source and be arranged 1 to 3 lines perpendicular to and parallel to the riverbed. The observation points should be increased in the area near the riverbed. When the decline funnel affects the opposite bank of the river, additional observation points should be set up on the opposite bank of the river.
2) Karst fissure water source: According to the size of the water source, 1 to 2 observation lines can be arranged parallel to and perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction. The length of the observation line should extend to the boundary of the karst fissure aquifer. ||tt
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