This diagram specifies the symbols, annotations and finishing standards for various landforms and geomorphic elements on 1,500, 1:1,000 and 1:2,000 topographic maps, as well as the principles, methods and requirements for using symbols. This standard is applicable to the surveying and compilation of 1'500, 1, 1, 000 and 1, 2,000 topographic maps by various departments of national economic construction. It is also one of the basic bases for various departments to use topographic maps for planning, design, construction, management, scientific research and teaching. GB/T 7929-1995 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 Topographic Map Format GB/T7929-1995 Standard Download Decompression Password: www.bzxz.net
This format specifies the symbols, annotations and finishing standards for various landforms and geomorphic elements on 1,500, 1:1000, 1:2000 topographic maps, as well as the principles, methods and requirements for using symbols. This standard is applicable to the surveying and compilation of 1'500, 1, 1000, 1, 2000 topographic maps by various departments of national economic construction. It is also one of the basic bases for various departments to use topographic maps for planning, design, construction, management, scientific research and teaching.

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
1: 500
1: 1 0001: 2 000
Topographic map format
Specifications for cartographic symbois1 : 500 1 : 1 000 1 : 2 000 topographic maps1Subject content and scope of application
GB/T 7929—1995
Replaces GB7929.-87
This diagram specifies the symbols, annotations and finishing standards for the representation of various landforms and geomorphic elements on 1:500, 1:1 000 and 1:2 000 topographic maps, as well as the principles, methods and requirements for the use of symbols. This standard is applicable to the surveying and drawing of 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 topographic maps by various departments of national economic construction. It is also one of the basic bases for various departments to use topographic maps for planning, design, construction, management, scientific research and teaching. 2 General Principles
This diagram is a national standard formulated based on the common requirements of various departments of national economic construction. When in use, symbols can also be added according to the characteristics of different professions and regions and the needs of the map.
In order to facilitate digital mapping, the classification and grading of elements are coordinated with GB--14804 "1:5001:10001:2000 Topographic Map Element Classification and Code", and the symbol design strives to be geometric and the symbol size is as even as possible. 2.1 Symbol size
2.1.1 The size marked with numbers next to the symbol is in millimeters. 2.1.2 Specifications of symbols In general, the line thickness of the symbol is 0.15mm (when using a plotter, the line thickness can be relaxed to 0.2mm), the dot size is 0.3mm, and the length of the line segment of the non-main part of the symbol is 0.6mm. For line segments represented by dotted lines, if the size is not indicated, the real part is 2.0mm and the imaginary part is 1.0mm. If the size of the graphic part of the combined symbol is not indicated, this diagram shall generally prevail. However, the intervals between the long and short lines and short lines of stairs, step lines, slopes and steep steps can be enlarged or reduced by the size of the visible graphics. 2.2 Positioning points and positioning lines of symbols
2.2.1 Geometric graphic symbols such as circles, rectangles, triangles, etc. are at the center of their graphics. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on September 15, 1995, and implemented on May 1, 1996
GB/T7929—1995
2.2.2 For symbols with a broad base (yurt, chimney, independent stone, etc.), at the center of the base line. 2.2.3 For symbols with a right angle base (windmill, road sign, etc.), at the top point of the right angle. 2.2.4 For symbols composed of several graphics (weather station, radar station, radio pole, etc.), at the center point or intersection of the graphics below. 2.2.5 For symbols without a base line below (kiln, pavilion, cave, etc.), if they are expressed according to scale, the positioning point is at the two end points; if they are not expressed according to scale, the positioning point is at the center point between the two end points below. 2.2.6
Other symbols that are not expressed according to scale (bridge, sluice, dam, scouring hopper, etc.). At the center point of the symbol. 2.2.7 For linear symbols (road, river, levee, boundary, etc.), at the center line of the symbol. When expressed according to the scale, it is at the center of the two side lines. 2.3 Direction and configuration of symbols bzxZ.net
Independence symbols are perpendicular to the southern outline except those that are expressed in true direction as specified in the brief description. 2.3.2
The configuration of soil and vegetation symbols is as follows:
Column type: arranged in a certain row, such as nursery, grassland, rice field, etc.; scattered type: not arranged in a certain row, such as woodland, shrub forest, rocky land, etc.; corresponding type: arranged according to the density or position of the actual situation, such as sparse forest, scattered trees, independent trees, etc. 2.3.3 When the area of ​​soil or vegetation is large, the symbol interval can be enlarged by 1~~3 times. Description: Under the principle of being able to express clearly, it can also be expressed by annotation; it can also be a kind of simplified drawing symbol with the most common in the map, and a note can be added outside the map, but the map or a group of maps should be unified. 2.3.4 Symbols represented by dashed and solid lines (truck roads, rural roads, etc.) are drawn according to the law of light and shadow, with dashed lines drawn in the bright part and solid lines drawn in the dark part. The direction of dashed and solid lines is generally changed in residential areas, bridges, ferries, wading areas, caves, culverts, tunnels or road intersections. m
2.4 Correct display of symbols on the map
2.4.1 In order to correctly indicate the size of various land features on the map, there are three types of symbols listed in the diagram: a. According to the scale symbol (no size is noted next to the symbol): b. Symbols not in scale (size is indicated next to the symbol); ". The outline of the feature is drawn according to the scale, and the symbols drawn inside it that are not in scale are used as explanatory symbols and are arranged in a moderate position within the outline. 140
GB/T 7929—1995
2.4.2 In order to make the topographic map clear and easy to read, the distance between each symbol should not be less than 0.3mm. In the case of densely packed symbols and close distances, it is allowed to reduce the symbol size by one third or move the symbols of minor elements. When linear symbols are close to each other, they can be shifted or drawn in the same line. 2.4.3 The depth, width, and height ratio (except tree height) next to the symbol are generally annotated to 0.1m. 2.4.4 Various quantitative indicators in the brief description, "greater than" includes the number itself, and "less than" does not include the number itself. 2.4.5 Except for special marks, the point and line symbols in the diagram generally represent the intersection of the outer contour (or center line) of the building or structure with the ground; the dotted line represents the projection of the underground part or the overhead part on the ground; the dotted line represents the land class boundary, the boundary line of the land feature, the scope line, and the foot line of the ridge (slope).
2.4.6 When certain symbols in the diagram (such as slopes, steep ridges, piers, columns, fences, underground entrances and exits, etc.) are used in conjunction with other symbols, if there is no explanation, their meaning and expression method shall still be subject to the brief description of the corresponding symbol. 2.4.7 For some buildings and structures in the field, there are no symbols in the diagram, and it is inconvenient to classify them. The ground contour graphics of the object can be measured and the special name can be added.
2.4.8 In the soil and vegetation symbol column of this diagram, those with frame lines indicate that there is no obvious scope line in the field. 2.5 Frame numbering and map outline decoration of topographic maps The frame numbering and map outline decoration styles of topographic maps are shown in Appendix B and C. 2.6 Reproduction and printing of topographic maps
1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000 topographic maps are generally printed in cyanotype or monochrome. Depending on the needs of the map, two-color printing can also be used, black (geographic elements and annotations), brown (geomorphic elements and contour annotations), and green (water system elements and annotations). 141
Symbol name
Plane control point
Triangulation point
Phoenix Mountain
Triangulation point on the mound
Small triangulation point
Hengshan—point name
95.93-elevation
Small triangulation point on the mound
Traverse point
Grade, point number
Traverse point on the mound
Burial stone mapping point
16-—point number
84. 46Elevation
Non-buried stone basic point
25———Point number
62.74-Elevation
Elevation control point
Leveling point
GB/T7929-1995
1:１000
1:2000
Measurement control point
Phoenix Mountain
A:394.468
2. 0:日16
Yajingshi 5—-Grade, point name, point
Jingshi 5
3Surveying control points
GB/T 7929--1995
Surveying control points are the main basis for surveying and making topographic maps and engineering surveys and must be accurately represented on the map. The geometric center of each measurement control point symbol on the map indicates the center position of the control point mark on the ground. The elevation note indicates the elevation of the top of the field mark or the elevation of the top of the wooden stake. The point name and elevation are expressed as a fraction, with the numerator being the point name or point number and the denominator being the elevation, which is generally noted to the right of the symbol. The elevations of leveling points and triangulation points and small triangulation points obtained through leveling joint survey (or leveling joint survey on behalf of leveling joint survey) are generally noted to 0.001m; the elevations measured by triangulation are generally noted to 0.01m. When the survey control point coincides with a chimney, water tower or other features, and the features are represented by a plane figure according to the scale, and the plane figure can accommodate the control point symbol, the control point symbol is drawn at the actual position in the plane figure, and the corresponding feature description symbol may not be drawn, but the point name or point number and the feature name must be noted, such as building (water tower); otherwise, only the independent feature symbol is drawn, and the control point symbol can be omitted. In addition to the point name, the category of the survey control point should also be noted, such as building (triangulation point); for the survey control point located on the house, the control point symbol should be drawn at the actual position of the house symbol, and the point name should be noted. 3.1 Plane control point
3.1.1 National-level triangulation point and precision traverse point symbols. 3.1.2 This symbol is used to represent triangulation points located on earth piles that cannot be represented to scale. 3.1.35\ and 10\ small triangulation points are represented by this symbol. 3.1.4 This symbol is used to represent small triangulation points located on earth piles that cannot be represented to scale. 3.1.5
, second- and third-level traverse points are represented by this symbol. 3.1.6 This symbol is used to represent traverse points located on earth piles that cannot be represented to scale. 3.1.7 Stone-buried control points include semi-permanent points or points with marks chiseled on natural rocks. 3.1.8
Non-stone-buried control points are represented according to the needs of the map. 3.2 Elevation control points
National-level leveling points are all represented by this symbol. 143
GPS control point
Level, point number
Other control points
Astronomical point
Ordinary house
General house
One house structure
Number of floors of house
Simple house
House under construction
Destroyed house
Overhead house
GB/T7929--1995
1:500
1:1000
4.0★275.31
3.3GPS control point
GB/T7929---1995
Refers to the level control point determined by the global positioning measurement system. 3.4 Other control points
3.4.1 Refers to the points where astronomical latitude, longitude and azimuth are measured by astronomical observation methods. If there is an elevation, it should be noted. Astronomical points with geodetic coordinates are represented by triangulation point symbols.
Residential areas and fences
Residential areas are the main features on large-scale topographic maps. Surveying and mapping residential areas requires accurate reflection of the outer contours and architectural features of each house on the ground. The outline of the house is generally based on the line connecting the outer corners of the wall foundation. The main street lines in the urban area are drawn along the roadside, and the secondary streets (including the main streets and lanes in small towns that are not accessible to traffic) are generally represented by the naturally formed lines of various features.
Ordinary houses
4.1.1 Solid houses with steel, reinforced concrete and mixed structures as the main building structure and ordinary houses with brick (stone) and wood as the main building structure are represented by general house symbols. For detailed notes on the building structure of the house, please refer to Appendix A. On the 1:2000 topographic map, halo lines can be filled in or only the number of floors of the house can be noted as needed. Houses should not be integrated and should be shown one by one. Houses with different numbers of floors, different structural properties, main houses and additional houses should be shown separately. Old residential areas in towns, where houses are adjacent and courtyards are stacked, should be shown separately according to factors such as different house forms, different roof heights, and uneven front and back roofs.
4.1.2 This symbol is used to indicate simple houses built with wood, bamboo, earth, and straw. 4.1.3 Refers to general houses that have been built or have basically taken shape but have not been built. This symbol is used to indicate whether they are under construction or suspended. 4.1.4 Refers to destroyed or semi-destroyed houses. Regardless of the building materials, this symbol is used to indicate as needed. 4.1.5 Refers to buildings with a roof and no walls around or only simple walls. This symbol is also used to indicate the roofs between buildings and fixed ceilings. Temporary ones are not shown.
4.1.6 Refers to an overhead house with pillars underneath. Generally, it is surveyed and mapped according to the outermost building range. When it is closely connected to other houses, attention should be paid to indicating the relative position with the closely connected houses. The positions of the pillars at the four corners are indicated by actual measurement. This symbol is also used to indicate a hanging building. 145
Special House
On the Ground
a. According to the Scale
b. Not According to the Scale
C. House-like Cave Dwelling
Under the Ground
a. According to the Scale
b. Not to scale
Yurt
Mongolian months
Housing ancillary facilities
a. Without walls
b. With walls on one side
Suspended corridor
Passage under the building
GB/T7929—1995
1:500
1:1000
1:2000
GB/T7929—1995
Refers to the corridor-style building beside the street, which can be passed underneath. Pillar configuration indicates. 4.2 Special houses
4.2.1 Cave dwellings can be divided into two types according to their appearance: those on the ground (those dug on steep walls) and those underground (those dug from the ground into a large flat-bottomed pit and then dug from the pit wall). Cave dwellings on the ground are indicated according to their true direction; underground caves according to scale are drawn according to the edge of the pit or the wall, and symbols are added in the middle. When not indicated according to scale, the symbols are drawn in the center of the pit. For house-style cave dwellings built of brick or stone, the outline of the outer shape is measured and the cave dwelling symbols are filled in. 4.2.2 Refers to the felt house inhabited by herders in nomadic areas. Seasonal months of garrisoning are added. 4.3 House ancillary facilities
4.3.1 Refers to various buildings such as colonnades, porches, eaves corridors, cantilevered corridors, and corridors. 4.3.1.1 Refers to buildings with roofs and pillars for people to pass through, such as corridors and cloisters. Measure and map according to the perimeter of the columns, and turn The column position at the corner should be measured, and the other pillars should be indicated. The corresponding symbols are used to indicate the colonnade with or without walls. The width of the column less than 1.5mm on the diagram is drawn as 1.5mm.
4.3.1.2 refers to the protruding building in front of the building door, and some of them can be passed by cars on both sides. Rain covers and balconies are also indicated by this symbol as needed, and pillars are not drawn.
4.3.1.3 refers to the part of the house with a roof under the eaves but no pillars that can be used as a passage, and is measured and mapped according to the outer contour projection. Those without supporting walls at both ends are generally not indicated. The cantilevered corridor (an overhead passage that protrudes from the wall of the house, has enclosures and no pillars) is also indicated by this symbol. 4.3.1.4 refers to the overhead passage between buildings, and the passages of overpasses and mountain city houses are also indicated by this symbol. 4.3.2 refers to the passage connecting the ground floor of the building to the road. 147
4.4. 1. 1
Outdoor stairs
a. Upstairs direction
Skylights of underground buildings
a. Basements
b, other ventilation holes
a. Wall gates
b. With gatehouses
a. To scale
b. Not to scale
Support (frames), piers
a. To scale
b. Not to scale
The Great Wall and masonry walls
Complete
a. Gates and towers
b. Stairs
Destroyed
GB/T 7929--1995
1:1000
1:2000
Not indicated
Not indicated
GB/T7929-—1995
4.3.3 This symbol is used to indicate steps in houses, riverbanks, docks and large bridges. Those that are not large enough to draw the third-level symbol on the map are generally not indicated.
4.3.4 This symbol is used to indicate outdoor stairs. Stairs with a width of less than 1mm on the map are not indicated. Spiral stairs are depicted according to the projection graphics. Pillars are not indicated.
4.3.5 This symbol is used to indicate basements, air-raid shelters and tunnel ventilation. When there is a house-like building on the ground, the corresponding building symbol is used to indicate it, and the symbol is configured at the skylight position.
4.3.6 Refers to the gates of various units and large residential courtyards without door piers. Those larger than the symbol size on the map are indicated according to the scale. 4.3.7 Refers to the piers on which various iron gates and non-gates are erected. If the size is larger than the symbol ruler on the drawing, it shall be indicated according to the scale. If it is smaller than 1.0mm on the drawing, it shall be indicated as 1.0mm.
4.3.8 Refers to the top cover of the gate, which shall be drawn according to the actual projection. 4.3.9 The pillars (frames) and piers of various buildings and structures shall be indicated according to the actual measurement on the drawing, regardless of the building materials, and those that can be indicated according to the scale shall be indicated, and those that cannot be indicated according to the scale shall be indicated with symbols of similar shapes. 4.4 Fences
4.4.1 The Great Wall and masonry walls shall be indicated according to the scale of the city foundation, and battlement symbols shall be drawn inward on the outer contour line. Towers and gates shall be indicated according to the actual measurement, and other features on the city wall shall be indicated with corresponding symbols. 149
Earth wall
b. Gap
a. According to the scale
b. Not to scale
Fences, railings
Hedge color
Wire mesh
GB/T7929-1995
1:1000
5Industrial and mining buildings (structures) and other facilities
Mining, geological exploration facilities
Mine openings for mining
a. Vertical shaft opening
b. Inclined shaft opening
℃. Horizontal tunnel opening
d. Small mine
3. 0O::1.0
3.0. Halogen iron
..3 E.
2. 0. Cross-phosphorus
1:2000Cross phosphorus
1:2000
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