Some standard content:
ICs 13. 030. 10
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB18598-2001
Standard for pollution control on the security landfillsiteforhazardouswastes
Issued on 2001-12-28
Implemented on 2002-07-01
State Environmental Protection Administration
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
GB 185982001
This standard is formulated to implement the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes and to prevent the pollution caused by the landfill of hazardous wastes.
This standard specifies the environmental protection requirements involved in the construction and operation of a security landfill for hazardous wastes, including the conditions for the entry of landfill materials, the site selection, design, construction, operation, closure and monitoring of landfills. Appendix A of this standard is a summary of the standard. This standard was proposed by the Science and Technology Department of the State Environmental Protection Administration and drafted by the Institute of Solid Waste Pollution Control Technology of the Chinese Academy of Environmental Sciences. This standard was approved by the State Environmental Protection Administration on November 26, 2001. This standard is interpreted by the State Environmental Protection Administration. This standard is published for the first time.
Subject content and scope of application
1.1 Subject content
Pollution control standard for hazardous waste landfill
GB 18598-2001
This standard specifies the site conditions for hazardous waste landfills, the environmental protection requirements for the site selection, design, construction, operation, closure and monitoring of landfills.
1.2 Scope of application
This standard applies to the construction, operation and supervision and management of hazardous waste landfills. This standard does not apply to the disposal of radioactive substances. 2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards, when cited in this standard, constitute the provisions of this standard and have the same effect as this standard. GB/T4818 Groundwater quality standard
Identification of hazardous wastes Corrosiveness identification
GB 5085.1
GI5085.3 Identification of hazardous wastes Identification of leaching toxicity GB5086.1-5086.2 Method for determination of leaching toxicity of solid waste GB8978 Integrated sewage discharge standard
GI123481. Measurement method of noise at factory boundary of industrial enterprise GT3/T15555.1-15555.12 Method for determination of leaching toxicity of solid waste GB15562.2 Graphical signs for environmental protection Solid waste dump (landfill) site G1316297 Integrated emission standard of air pollutants When the above standards are revised, the latest version shall be used. 3 Definitions
3.1 Hazardous wastes
Wastes listed in the national hazardous waste catalog or identified as having hazardous characteristics according to the national hazardous waste identification standards and identification methods.
3.2 Landfill
A land disposal facility for waste disposal, which consists of several disposal units and structures. The disposal site has boundaries and mainly includes waste pretreatment facilities, waste landfill facilities and leachate collection facilities. 3.3 Compatibility
When a certain hazardous waste comes into contact with other hazardous wastes or other materials in the landfill, it will not produce gas, heat, harmful substances, will not burn or explode, and will not undergo other reactions and changes that may have an adverse effect on the landfill. 3.4 Natural base layer
The natural soil layer of the landfill impermeable layer.
3.5 Impermeable layer
An artificially constructed impermeable layer to prevent leachate from entering the groundwater. 3.6 Double artificial layer
GB18598—2001
An impermeable layer including two layers of artificial synthetic material layers. Its composition is shown in Appendix A Figure 1. 3.7 Composite lining
An impermeable layer including one layer of artificial synthetic material lining and one layer of natural material lining. Its composition is shown in Appendix A Figure A.2. 4 Requirements for landfill site selection
4.1 The selection of landfill site shall comply with the requirements of the national and local urban construction master plan. The site shall be located in a relatively stable area and will not be damaged by natural or man-made factors. 4.2 The selection of landfill site shall be subject to environmental impact assessment and approved by the main environmental protection administrative department. 4.3 The landfill site should not be located in the urban industrial and agricultural development planning area, agricultural protection area, nature reserve, scenic spot, cultural relic (record) protection area, drinking water source protection area, water supply prospect planning area, mineral resource reserve area and other areas that need special protection. 4.4 The distance between the landfill and the airport and military base should be 3000m or more. 4.5. The landfill boundary should be located 800m away from the residential area and ensure that it will not affect the atmospheric environment of nearby residential areas under local meteorological conditions.
4.6 The landfill site must be located above the flood elevation line of once in a hundred years and outside the flooding area and protection and expansion area of artificial water storage facilities such as reservoirs in the long-term planning.
4.7 The distance between the landfill site and the surface water should not be less than 150m. 4.8 The geological conditions of the landfill site should meet the following requirements: a) It can fully meet the requirements of the landfill foundation layer; b) There are sufficient clay resources on site or in its vicinity to meet the needs of building an impermeable layer; c) It is located outside the main recharge area of the groundwater drinking water source and there are no centralized water supply wells downstream; d) The groundwater level should be 3m below the impermeable layer, otherwise, the anti-seepage design standards must be improved and an environmental impact assessment must be carried out to obtain the consent of the competent authority:
c) The natural stratum lithology is relatively uniform and the permeability is low; f) The geological structure is relatively simple and stable, with no faults. 4.9 The landfill site selection should avoid the following areas: destructive earthquake and active tectonic areas: tsunami and surge impact areas: wetlands and low-lying watersheds; areas with highly concentrated ground stress and fast ground uplift or subsidence rates; right ash cave development zones; abandoned mining areas or subsidence areas; collapse, rock piles, landslide areas; mountain torrents, mudslide areas: active sand dune areas; alluvial fans and gullies that have not yet stabilized; highly compressible silt, peat and soft soil areas and other areas that may endanger the safety of the landfill. 4.10 The landfill site must have a large enough usable area to ensure that the landfill has a service life of 10 years or more after its completion, and can fully accommodate the hazardous waste generated during the service life. 4.11 The landfill site should be selected in an area with convenient transportation, short transportation distance, low construction and operation costs, and can ensure the normal operation of the landfill. 5 Requirements for entry into landfill
5.1 The following wastes may be landfilled directly: a) Wastes in which the concentration of one or more harmful components in the waste leachate measured in accordance with GB5086 and GB/T15555.1~15555.11 exceeds the standard value in GB5085.3 and is lower than the control limit for entry into the landfill area in Table 1; b) Wastes in which the pH value of the waste effluent measured in accordance with GB5086 and GB/T15555.12 is between 7.0 and 12.0. 5.2 The following wastes must be pre-treated before they can be landfilled: a) Wastes whose concentration of any harmful component in the waste leachate measured according to GB5086 and GB/T15555.1~15555.11 exceeds the control limit allowed to enter the landfill area in Table 1; h) Wastes whose pH value of the waste leachate measured according to GB5086 and GB/T15555.12 is less than 7. and greater than 12.0; c) Wastes that are reactive and flammable; l) Wastes with a water content higher than 85%;
E) Liquid waste.
5.3 The following wastes are prohibited from being landfilled:
a) Medical waste;
b) Wastes that have incompatible reactions with the lining. Table 1 Control limits for hazardous wastes allowed to enter landfill areas No.
Organic mercury
Mercury and its compounds (calculated as total mercury)
Lead (calculated as total lead)
Radiation (calculated as total cadmium):
Copper and its compounds (calculated as total copper)
Zinc and its compounds (calculated as total zinc)
Beryllium and its compounds (calculated as total beryllium)
Sodium and its compounds (calculated as total barium)
Nickel and its compounds (calculated as total nickel)
Arsenic and its compounds (calculated as total arsenic)
Fluoride (excluding calcium fluoride)
Cyanide (calculated as CN)
6 Environmental protection requirements for landfill design and construction GB 18598—2001
Stabilization and control of gingival signs t/(n1g/1.)
6.1. A pretreatment station should be set up at the landfill, which includes facilities such as temporary stacking of waste, sorting and crushing, volume reduction and alkali treatment, and stabilization and maintenance. 6.2. The landfill site shall set up different landfill areas for incompatible wastes, and isolation facilities shall be provided between each area. However, for landfills with too small an area to be divided, incompatible wastes can be classified and placed in containers before landfilling. The container materials shall be compatible with all possible contact materials and shall not be corroded.
6.3. The materials selected for the landfill site shall be compatible with the wastes in contact, and their corrosion resistance shall be considered. 6.4. The saturated permeability coefficient of the natural foundation layer of the landfill site shall not be greater than 1.0×10-cm/s, and its thickness shall not be less than 2m. 6.5. The landfill site shall use natural material lining, composite lining or double lining as its anti-seepage layer according to the geological conditions of the natural foundation layer.
6.5.1. If the saturated permeability coefficient of the natural foundation layer is less than 1.0×10-cm/s and the thickness is greater than 5m, the natural material lining can be selected. The saturated permeability coefficient of the natural material lining after mechanical compaction should not be greater than 1.0×10\cml/s, and the thickness should not be less than 1m. 6.5.2 If the saturated permeability coefficient of the natural base layer is less than 1.0×10cm/s, a composite lining can be used. The composite lining must meet the following conditions
a) The saturated permeability coefficient of the natural material lining after mechanical compaction should not be greater than 1.0X10-cm/s, and the thickness should meet the indicators listed in Table 2. The thickness of the natural material lining should be 10% greater than the indicators listed in Table 2; Table 2 Design requirements for the thickness of the lower lining of the composite lining Basic layer conditions
Permeability coefficient line 1.0×10-1cm/s, thickness ≥3m Permeability coefficient ≤1.0×10-*cm/s Thickness ≥6m Permeability coefficient ≥1.0×10-\cm/s. Thickness ≥3m Lower lining thickness
Thickness ≥0.5m
Thickness 20. 5 m
Thickness = 1. (m
b) Synthetic material lining can be made of high-density polyethylene (HTPF), whose permeability coefficient is not greater than 10-12cm/s and thickness is not less than 1.5mm. HL>PE materials must be high-quality products. Recycled products are prohibited. to
GB18598-2001
6.5.3 If the saturated permeability coefficient of the natural base layer is greater than 1.C×10cm/s, a double artificial lining must be selected. The double artificial lining must meet the following conditions:
a) The permeability coefficient of the natural material lining after mechanical compaction is not greater than 1.0×10\cm/s. The thickness is not less than 0.5m; b) 1: The artificial synthetic lining can be made of HDPE material with a thickness of not less than 2.0mm; 2) The artificial synthetic lining can be made of HIDFE material with a thickness of not less than 1.0. The other indicators required for the lining are the same as those in Article 5.5.2. 6.6 The landfill must be equipped with a leachate collection and drainage system, a Lishui collection and drainage system, and a collection and exhaust system. The rainstorm intensity recurrence period used in the design of each system shall not be less than 51 years, and the slope of the pipe network shall not be less than 2%: the bottom of the landfill shall slope towards the drainage pipe with a slope of not less than 2%.
Landfills with natural material lining or composite lining shall be equipped with a main leachate drainage system, which includes a bottom drainage layer, drainage pipes and water collection wells: the water collection wells of the drainage system are used to collect and drain the leachate. 6.8 In addition to the leachate drainage system, landfills with double artificial synthetic material linings shall also be equipped with auxiliary drainage systems, which include bottom drainage layers, slope drainage layers, drainage pipes and water collection wells: the water collection wells of the auxiliary drainage system are mainly used to measure the leakage of the upper artificial synthetic lining.
6.9 The water permeability of the drainage layer shall not be less than 0.1m/s. 6.10 The landfill shall be equipped with a small rainwater collection and drainage system to collect and discharge rainwater in the catchment area that may flow to the landfill area, upstream rainwater, and water in the non-landfill area that has not come into contact with the waste. The rainwater discharged from the rainwater collection and drainage system shall not be mixed with the leachate. 6.11 The landfill shall be equipped with a collection and exhaust system to discharge the gas that may be generated in the landfill waste. 6.12 The landfill must be equipped with a leachate treatment system to treat the leachate discharged from the collection and drainage system. 6.13 A green isolation belt shall be set up around the landfill, and its width shall not be less than 10m. 6.14 Before landfill construction, a construction quality assurance certificate should be prepared and approved by the environmental protection department. During construction, the quality assurance procedures in the construction quality assurance certificate should be strictly followed. 6.15 Before the construction of natural material layer, the appropriate construction machinery, compaction method, compaction control parameters and other treatment measures should be determined through on-site construction tests to prove whether the design requirements can be met. At the same time, on-site construction quality inspection should be carried out during the construction process. The inspection content and frequency should be included in the construction design. 6.16 Artificial quality inspection The following conditions should be met when laying the synthetic material lining: a) The synthetic material should be inspected and laid only after the indicators are qualified. It must be flat and wrinkle-free when laid; b) Under the condition of ensuring quality, the number of welds should be as small as possible; c) When laying the lining on the slope, no horizontal seams should appear; l) The bottom lining should avoid burying perforated pipes or other structures; e) The slope must be anchored, and the anchoring form and design must meet the stress safety requirements of synthetic materials; f) No fillet welds should be set at the junction of the slope and the bottom surface, and the fillet welds should not cross the junction. 6.17 During the laying and welding process and after completion of the synthetic material lining, the construction effect must be inspected by daylight, non-destructive and destructive tests, and the construction quality must be controlled through the test results. 7 Landfill operation management requirements
7.1 Before the landfill is put into operation, an operation plan must be formulated. This plan should not only meet the routine operation, but also propose emergency measures to ensure the effective use of the landfill and environmental safety. 7.2 The operation of the landfill should meet the following basic requirements: a) Hazardous waste entering the landfill must meet the waste admission requirements of this standard; b) Bulk waste entering the landfill should be layered, and the thickness of each layer depends on the landfill volume and site conditions; r) The landfill should be covered daily during operation, and intermediate covering should be carried out as appropriate; d) It should be ensured that the access roads to and from the landfill are unobstructed under different seasonal climatic conditions; 902
) The landfill work should be minimized as much as possible so that it can be covered in time; ) The waste landfill surface should maintain a minimum slope of 3 (usually 1/3) (water point); ) The road leading to the landfill should be equipped with railings and gates for control; GB 18598-2001
h) There must be a signboard to indicate the correct traffic route. The signboard should meet the requirements of GB [5562.2; i) Every working day, there should be a record of the operation of the landfill, and the equipment and technical control parameters should be recorded. The source, type, number of wastes in the landfill: the location of the waste landfill and environmental monitoring data, etc.;) The function of the operating machinery must meet the requirements of waste compaction. In order to prevent mechanical failures, etc., there must be spare machinery; k) The operation of the hazardous waste disposal site cannot be exposed to the open air. There must be rain protection equipment to prevent rainwater from contacting the waste that has not been finally covered. Contact with materials;
1) Landfill operation and management personnel shall participate in the job training of the environmental protection management department and take up their posts after passing the training. 7.3 Principles for zoning of hazardous waste landfills 7.3.1 Each landfill area can be closed in the shortest possible time. 7.3.2 Incompatible wastes should be landfilled in separate areas. 7.3.3 The order of zoning should be conducive to waste transportation and landfill. 7.4 The landfill management unit shall establish a comprehensive file on the landfill: a file formed from the entire process of waste characteristics, waste dumping location, site selection, investigation, land acquisition, design, construction, operation management, closure and landfill management, monitoring and acceptance. All documents and materials must be buried and stored in accordance with the national archives management regulations to ensure that they are intact. 8 Landfill pollution control requirements
8.1 It is strictly forbidden to directly discharge the leachate collected by the drainage system. It must be treated quickly and meet the requirements of the maximum allowable emission concentration of Class I pollutants and the maximum allowable emission concentration standard of Class II pollutants in G18978 before it can be discharged. 8.2 The emission control items of Class II pollutants in the leachate of hazardous waste landfills are: pH value, suspended solids (SS), five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical demand (CO), ammonia (NII-N), phosphorus Salt (in terms of P), 8.3 The leachate from the landfill should not pollute the groundwater. The evaluation indicators and limit values of groundwater pollution in landfills shall be implemented in accordance with G13/T11848,
8.4 The groundwater monitoring factors shall be determined by the local environmental protection administrative department according to the characteristics of the landfill waste, and must be representative and can represent the parameters of the waste characteristics. The routine measurement items are: turbidity pH value, soluble solids, chloride, nitrate (in terms of P), nitrite (in terms of N), ammonia nitrogen, and total number of large bacteria,
8.5 The gas discharged from the landfill shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB15297 on non-organic emissions. The monitoring factors shall be determined by the local environmental protection administrative department according to the characteristics of the landfill waste, and must be representative and can represent the parameters of the waste characteristics. 8.6 During the operation of the landfill, noise control shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of GB12348. 9 Closure requirements
9.1 When the amount of waste disposed of in the landfill reaches the designed capacity of the landfill, the landfill shall be closed. 9.2 The final cover layer of the landfill shall be a multi-layer structure, which shall include the following parts: a) Bottom layer (also used as aeration layer): the thickness shall not be less than m, the slope shall not be less than 2, and it shall be composed of granular materials with good air permeability; b) Impermeable layer: the thickness of the natural material impermeable layer shall not be less than 50c11, and the permeability coefficient shall not be greater than 10'cm/s: or a composite impermeable layer shall be used, the thickness of the artificial medium layer shall not be less than 1. (mm, the thickness of the natural material layer shall not be less than 30cm, and other design requirements are the same as those of the lining layer; c) Drainage layer and drainage network: the requirements for the drainage layer and drainage system are the same as those for the bottom leachate collection and drainage system, and the rainstorm intensity used in the design shall not be less than 0 years;
d) Protective layer: the thickness of the protective layer shall not be less than 20cm. It is composed of coarse and hard goose eggs; e) Top cover restoration layer: The thickness of the vegetation layer should not be less than 60cm, and its soil should be conducive to the growth of plants and site restoration: At the same time, the slope of the vegetation layer should not exceed 33%. Horizontal steps should be built in places where the slope exceeds 10%; when the slope is less than 120%, for every 3m increase in elevation, 5:03
GB185982001
build a step; when the slope is greater than 20K, for every 2m increase in elevation, build a step. The steps should have sufficient width and slope. To withstand the erosion of heavy rain,
9.3 After the site is closed, the following maintenance and management work should be continued and continued for 30 years after the site is closed:) Maintain the integrity and effectiveness of the final cover layer: b) Maintain and monitor the leak detection system; c) Continue to collect and treat the leachate; d) Continue to monitor the changes in groundwater quality. 9.4 When it is found that there are irreversible errors in the design of the site or disposal system, or when a serious accident or unforeseen natural disaster occurs and makes the landfill unable to continue to operate, the landfill should be closed abnormally. A corresponding remedial plan should be made in advance for abnormal closure to prevent pollution. The implementation of abnormal closure must be approved by the environmental protection department. 10 Monitoring requirements
10.1 The items and frequency of supervisory monitoring of landfills should be carried out in accordance with relevant environmental monitoring technical specifications. The monitoring results should be reported to the local environmental protection department on a regular basis and subject to supervision and inspection by the local environmental protection department. 10.2 Landfill leachate
10.2.1 Use each water collection liter of the landfill to monitor the water level and water quality. 10.2.2 The sampling frequency should be determined based on the characteristics of the landfill, the cover layer and precipitation, and should be able to fully reflect the changes in the landfill leachate. The frequency of leachate water quality and water level monitoring is at least once a month. 10.3 Groundwater
10.3.1 The groundwater monitoring layout shall meet the following requirements: a) A limited monitoring well shall be set up upstream of the landfill to obtain background water source values. At least one well shall be set up downstream to form a three-dimensional monitoring point to adapt to the plume geometry and flow direction of the downstream groundwater; b) The well logging shall be set at the actual closest distance to the landfill and the hydraulic slope of the upstream and downstream groundwater; c) The monitoring well depth shall be sufficient to take representative samples. 10.3.2 Sampling frequency
10.3.2.1 In the first year of the landfill operation, sampling shall be carried out at least once a month; under normal circumstances, the sampling frequency shall be at least once a quarter. 10.3.2.2 When the groundwater quality is found to be changing, the sampling frequency shall be increased and monitoring items shall be added according to the actual situation to find out the cause so as to carry out remedial measures.
10.4 Atmosphere
10.4.1 The layout of sampling points and the sampling method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of GB16297. 10.4.2 The downwind direction of the pollution source shall become the main monitoring area. 10.4.3 The density of sampling points shall be increased in areas where the pollution exceeds the standard, the population density is large, and the areas close to the industrial area. 10.4.4 Sampling frequency. During the operation of the landfill, sampling should be carried out once a month. If abnormalities occur, the sampling frequency should be appropriately increased. 11 Supervision and implementation of the standard
The environmental protection administrative departments of the local people's governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and implementation of this standard. 904
Main drainage pipeline
Auxiliary drainage channel
Drainage pipeline
Artificial synthetic layer
Drainage pipe
Appendix A
(Appendix of the standard)
Schematic diagram of lining system
(Reference)
Schematic diagram of double artificial lining
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of composite lining
Figure A.3 Schematic diagram of natural material layer
Object buried layer
Soil drainage layer
GB 18598—2001
Upper synthetic layer
Auxiliary drainage layer
Lower synthetic layer
Natural material lining layer
Basic filling layer
Waste filling layer
Water-inserted layer
Natural material lining layerwwW.bzxz.Net
Other layers
Physical city buried layer
Drainage layer
Natural material layer
Iodine-saturated layer4 Sampling frequency. During the operation of the landfill, sampling should be carried out once a month. If any abnormality occurs, the sampling rate should be appropriately increased. 11 Supervision and implementation of the standard
The environmental protection administrative departments of local people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for supervising the implementation of this standard. 904
Main drainage pipeline
Auxiliary drainage channel
Drainage pipeline
Artificial synthetic layer
Nested drainage pipe
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Schematic diagram of lining system
(Reference)
Schematic diagram of double artificial lining
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of composite lining
Figure A.3 Schematic diagram of natural material layer
Natural buried layer
Soil drainage layer
GB 18598—2001
Upper synthetic layer
Auxiliary drainage layer
Lower synthetic layer
Natural material lining layer
Basic filling layer
Waste filling layer
Water-inserted layer
Natural material lining layer
Other layers
Physical city buried layer
Drainage layer
Natural material layer
Iodine-saturated layer4 Sampling frequency. During the operation of the landfill, sampling should be carried out once a month. If any abnormality occurs, the sampling rate should be appropriately increased. 11 Supervision and implementation of the standard
The environmental protection administrative departments of local people's governments at or above the county level are responsible for supervising the implementation of this standard. 904
Main drainage pipeline
Auxiliary drainage channel
Drainage pipeline
Artificial synthetic layer
Nested drainage pipe
Appendix A
(Appendix to the standard)
Schematic diagram of lining system
(Reference)
Schematic diagram of double artificial lining
Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of composite lining
Figure A.3 Schematic diagram of natural material layer
Natural buried layer
Soil drainage layer
GB 18598—2001
Upper synthetic layer
Auxiliary drainage layer
Lower synthetic layer
Natural material lining layer
Basic filling layer
Waste filling layer
Water-inserted layer
Natural material lining layer
Other layers
Physical city buried layer
Drainage layer
Natural material layer
Iodine-saturated layer
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