SL 311-2004 Design specification for high voltage distribution equipment in water conservancy and hydropower projects
Some standard content:
ICS29.240
Water conservancy industry standard of the People's Republic of China
Hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering design code for high voltage electrical equipment installation2004-12-08 Issued
Released by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China
2005-02-01 Implementation
Notice on the approval and issuance of "Design Specifications for High-voltage Distribution Devices for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects" SL311-2004
Shui Guo Ke [2004] No. 593
All units directly under the Ministry, water conservancy (water affairs) departments (bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, water conservancy (water affairs) bureaus of cities with independent planning status, and water conservancy bureau of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps: SL311-2004
Replaces SDJ5-85
After review, "Design Specifications for High-voltage Distribution Devices for Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects" is approved as a water conservancy industry standard and is issued. The standard number is SL311-2004, replacing "Technical Regulations for Design of High-voltage Distribution Devices" SDJ5-85. This standard shall be implemented from February 1, 2005. The standard text shall be published and distributed by China Water Resources and Hydropower Press. On December 8, 2004, the original "Technical Specification for Design of High-voltage Distribution Equipment" (SDJ5-85) was revised based on the electrical equipment manufacturing level and national energy policy in the 1980s. With the development of science and technology and the upgrading of electrical equipment, some contents in the original regulations can no longer meet the requirements of development, and the regulations need to be revised. According to the "Notice on Issuing the 2001 Annual Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Technical Standards Formulation, Revision Project Plan and Chief Editor Unit" issued by the Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Administration of the Ministry of Water Resources, the "Technical Specification for Design of High-voltage Distribution Equipment" (SDJ5-85) was revised, and the standard name was changed to "Design Specification for High-voltage Distribution Equipment of Water Resources and Hydropower Projects". This standard consists of 8 chapters, 7 sections, 101 articles and 5 appendices. The main technical contents include: environmental conditions; selection of conductors and electrical appliances; type and layout of distribution equipment; incoming and outgoing lines and connecting lines; fire protection of distribution equipment; requirements for buildings and structures; environmental protection.
The main contents of this revision are:
Changed the logo and name of the standard cover: Added the basic information of the general provisions, changed the scope of application: Added reference standards;
Added the requirements for environmental conditions;
The selection of conductors and electrical appliances was changed from the general provisions of conductor and electrical appliances selection to the three sections of general provisions, conductor selection and electrical appliances selection; The type selection of distribution equipment was divided into two sections: type and layout; The section on fire protection and oil storage facilities was cancelled: The requirements for buildings and structures were written in a separate chapter;
Added inlet and outlet lines and connecting lines:
Added fire protection of distribution equipment:
Added environmental protection requirements:
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In the appendix, the economic current density of conductors and the safe clearance of distribution equipment when using equipment with reduced insulation level are cancelled, and the pollution migration classification standards for lines, power plants and substations are added, and the insulation level of high-voltage transmission and transformation equipment is added; the standard wording is changed.
The mandatory clauses in this standard are: 3.1.11, 4.1.1, 4.1.2, 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.1.5, 4.3.5, 7.0.1, paragraph 1 and paragraph 3. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: SDJ5-85
Approval department of this standard: Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China Host organization of this standard: Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Administration of the Ministry of Water Resources Interpretation unit of this standard: Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design Institute of the Ministry of Water Resources Chief editor of this standard: Yellow River Survey, Planning and Design Co., Ltd. Publishing and issuing unit of this standard: China Water Resources and Hydropower Press Main drafters of this standard: Xia Fujun Guo Zhi Tan Hui Sun Guoqiang
Wang Qingming
Li Guofan
Ma Yuesheng||tt| |Technical person in charge of the review meeting of this standard: Shi Fengxiang Reviewer of the format of this standard: Chen Hao
1 General
2 Environmental conditions
3 Selection of conductors and electrical appliances
3.1 General provisions
3.2 Selection of conductors
3.3 Selection of electrical appliances
4 Type and layout of distribution equipment
4.1 Safety clearance
4.2 Type
4.3 Layout
4.4 Passages and fences
5 Entrance Outgoing and connecting lines
Fire protection for distribution equipment
Requirements for buildings and structures
Environmental protection
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Standards for classification of pollution transfer for lines, power plants and substationsLong-term allowable current carrying capacity of bare conductors
Comprehensive correction coefficients for current carrying capacity of bare conductors at different altitudes and ambient temperaturesAppendix D
Insulation level of high-voltage transmission and transformation equipment
Appendix ECorrection of A value when the altitude is greater than 1000m Explanation of terms used in the standard
Explanation of clauses
Zhao Xiaofei
Yang Changqian
1.0.1 In order to make the design of high-voltage distribution equipment (hereinafter referred to as distribution equipment) of water conservancy and hydropower projects implement my country's technical and economic policies, be safe and reliable, technologically advanced, easy to maintain and economically reasonable, this standard is revised.
1.0.2 This standard is applicable to the design of distribution equipment with a nominal voltage of 3 to 500kV for new water conservancy and hydropower projects, and the design of distribution equipment for expansion and reconstruction projects can be implemented as a reference. 1.0.3 The design of distribution equipment should reasonably select equipment and determine the layout plan based on the conditions of the power system, natural environmental conditions and the requirements of operation, installation and maintenance, adhere to the principle of land conservation, and actively and prudently adopt effective new technologies, new equipment, new layouts and new materials. 1.0.4 The design of distribution equipment should be based on the characteristics, scale and development plan of the project, combining the long-term and short-term, focusing on the short-term, and appropriately considering the possibility of expansion. 1.0.5 The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards will be revised. Parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. "Insulation Coordination of High-voltage Transmission and Transformation Equipment" (GB311.1) "Urban Area Environmental Noise Standard" (GB3096) "Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Regulations" (GB8702) "Environmental Electromagnetic Wave Hygiene Standard" (GB9175) "Common Technical Requirements for High-voltage Switchgear and Control Equipment Standards" (GB/T11022) "Industrial Enterprise Boundary Noise Standard" (GB12348) "High-voltage AC Overhead Transmission Line Radio Interference Limit" (GB15707) "66kV and Below Overhead Power Line Design Code" (GB50061) fi le://D:/dlhb2002\\WJ2.htm
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《Code for Seismic Design of Power Facilities》(GB50260)《Code for Fire Protection Design of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering》(SDJ278)《Technical Guidelines for Overvoltage Protection and Insulation Coordination Design of Hydropower Plants》(DL/T5090)《Technical Code for Design of 110~500kV Overhead Transmission Lines》(DL/T5092)1.0.6 In addition to complying with this standard, the design of distribution equipment shall also comply with the provisions of relevant current national standards. 2 Environmental Conditions
2.0.1 The ambient temperature (surrounding air temperature) for the selection of bare conductors and electrical appliances shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Table 2.0.1.
Table 2.0.1 Select the environmental temperature category of bare conductors and electrical appliances
Bare conductor
Installation location
Reactor room, transformer
Room, busbar room (hole)
Other locations in the house
Average maximum temperature in the hottest month
Ventilation design temperature at this location
Annual maximum temperature
Ambient temperature
Ventilation design maximum exhaust temperature at this location
Ventilation design temperature at this location
Annual minimum temperature
Note 1: The annual maximum (or minimum) temperature is the multi-year average of the highest (or lowest) temperature measured in a year. Note 2: The average maximum temperature in the hottest month is the monthly average of the daily maximum temperature in the hottest month, which is taken as the multi-year average. Note 3: When selecting the environmental temperature of bare conductors and other electrical appliances in the house, if there is no ventilation design temperature data for that location, the average maximum temperature in the hottest month plus 5°C can be taken.
2.0.2 For electrical appliances where the ambient temperature is higher than 40℃, the test voltage of the external insulation in the dry state shall be the rated withstand voltage multiplied by the temperature correction coefficient, and the temperature correction coefficient shall comply with the provisions of GB311.1.
2.0.3 Electrical equipment and insulators in outdoor power distribution devices shall adopt corresponding external insulation standards and other dust and corrosion prevention measures according to the local pollution level (see Appendix A), and shall be easy to clean.
When selecting the relative humidity of conductors and electrical appliances in the use environment, the average relative humidity of the highest humidity month in the local area shall be used. For places with high humidity, the actual relative humidity of the place shall be used. In humid tropical areas, humid tropical electrical products shall be used, and in sub-humid tropical areas, ordinary electrical products may be used, but protective measures such as moisture-proof, waterproof, rust-proof, mildew-proof and insect-proof shall be taken according to local operating experience. 2.0.5 When the ambient temperature is lower than the minimum allowable temperature of electrical equipment and its ancillary equipment (instruments, relays and control protection devices), heating devices shall be installed or insulation measures shall be taken. In areas with severe snow and ice accumulation, measures shall be taken to prevent accidents caused by ice and snow. The thickness of ice breaking of the isolating switch should be greater than the maximum ice thickness of the installation site. 2.0.6 When designing outdoor power distribution equipment and selecting conductors and electrical appliances, the maximum wind speed can be 10m above the ground, once in 30 years, and the average maximum wind speed for 10 minutes for 330kV and below electrical appliances: 500kV electrical appliances should be 10m above the ground, once in 50 years, and the average maximum wind speed for 10 minutes. In areas where the maximum wind speed exceeds 35m/s, in the layout of outdoor power distribution equipment, measures such as lowering the installation height of electrical equipment and strengthening the fixation of equipment and foundation should be taken. 2.0.7 The seismic design of power distribution equipment should comply with the provisions of GB50260. 2.0.8 In areas with an altitude of more than 1000m, power distribution equipment should select electrical appliances and insulators suitable for the altitude. For equipment installed at an altitude of more than 1000m, the insulation level of external insulation under standard reference atmospheric conditions should be determined by multiplying the insulation withstand voltage required by the use site by the coefficient K. The value of coefficient K, shall comply with the provisions of GB/T11022. 3 Selection of conductors and electrical appliances
3.1 General provisions
3.1.1 The selection of conductors and electrical appliances shall meet the safety requirements of normal operation, maintenance, short circuit and overvoltage conditions under local environmental conditions. 3.1.2 The maximum voltage of the conductors and electrical appliances selected in the design shall not be lower than the maximum operating voltage of the circuit, and the long-term allowable current shall not be less than the possible maximum continuous working current of the circuit. The influence of sunlight on the current carrying capacity of outdoor conductors and electrical appliances shall be considered. 3.1.3 The short-circuit current used for checking the rated peak withstand current, rated short-time withstand current and electrical appliance breaking current of conductors and electrical appliances shall be calculated according to the design planning capacity of this project, and the medium-term development plan of the power system shall be considered (the medium-term development plan can be 5 to 15 years after the completion of this phase of the project). When determining the short-circuit current, it shall be calculated according to the normal wiring method where the maximum short-circuit current may occur. Generally, it can be checked according to the three-phase short circuit, and the influence of the DC component shall be considered. When the single-phase or two-phase ground short-circuit current is greater than the three-phase short-circuit current, it should be verified according to the severe situation. file://D:\\dlhb2002/WJ2.htm
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3.1.4 The calculation time for verifying the thermal effect of conductor short circuit should be the main protection action time plus the corresponding circuit breaker full opening time. When the main protection has a dead zone, the backup protection action time that acts on the dead zone should be used, and the corresponding short-circuit current value should be used. The calculation time for verifying the thermal effect of electrical short circuit should be the backup protection action time plus the corresponding circuit breaker full opening time. 3.1.5 For conductors and electrical appliances protected by high-voltage current-limiting fuses, their rated peak withstand current and rated short-time withstand current can be verified according to the characteristics of the current-limiting fuse; for voltage transformer circuits protected by high-voltage fuses, their rated peak withstand current and rated short-time withstand current do not need to be verified. 3.1.6 Conductors should be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy or copper. 3.1.7 The normal maximum operating temperature of bare conductors should not exceed 70℃. When considering the influence of sunshine, the steel core aluminum wire and tubular conductor should not exceed 80℃. The maximum operating temperature of special heat-resistant conductors can be selected and used according to the data provided by the manufacturer, but the influence of high-temperature conductors on the connected equipment should be considered and protective measures should be taken. 3.1.8 When calculating the rated short-time withstand current, the maximum allowable temperature of bare conductors can be 200℃ for hard aluminum and aluminum-manganese alloys, and 300℃ for hard copper. The conductor temperature before short circuit should be the operating temperature under rated load.
3.1.9 When selecting the cross-section of bare conductors according to the normal operating current of the circuit, the long-term allowable current carrying capacity of the conductor should be corrected according to the altitude and ambient temperature of the area. The long-term allowable current carrying capacity of bare conductors and its correction factor can be implemented according to Appendix B and Appendix C. When the conductor adopts a multi-conductor structure, the influence of proximity effect and thermal shielding on the current carrying capacity should be taken into account. 3.1.10 In addition to the busbar of the distribution device, the cross-section of longer conductors can also be selected according to the economic current density. When there is no conductor of suitable specifications, the conductor cross-sectional area can be selected according to the next level of the economic current density calculation cross-sectional area.
3.1.11 During normal operation and short circuit, the maximum force of the electrical lead should not be greater than the allowable load of the electrical terminal. The conductors, bushings, insulators and hardware of outdoor power distribution equipment should be mechanically calculated according to local meteorological conditions and different stress states. Its safety factor should not be less than the provisions of Table 3.1.11. Table 3.1.11 Safety factor categories for conductors and insulators
Bushing, support insulators and their hardware
Suspension insulators\and their hardware
Soft conductors
Hard conductors b
When the load acts for a long time
The safety factor of the suspension insulator corresponds to the 1h electromechanical test load a:
When the load acts for a short time
The safety factor of the hard conductor corresponds to the breaking stress. If it corresponds to the yield point stress, its safety factor is changed to 1.6 and 1.4 respectively,
3.1.12 The insulation level of the distribution equipment shall meet the requirements of DL/T5090 and Appendix D. 3.1.13 For electrical appliances and hardware with a voltage of 110kV and above, at 1.1 times the maximum working phase voltage, there should be no visible corona on a clear night. The corona critical voltage of conductors of 110kV and above should be greater than the maximum working voltage at the installation location of the conductor. 3.2 Selection of conductors
3.2.1 Steel-core aluminum stranded wire is suitable for 220kV and below soft conductors; expanded diameter hollow conductor is suitable for 330kV soft conductors; and ultra-light aluminum alloy or expanded diameter hollow split conductor is suitable for 500kV soft conductors.
3.2.2 In coastal areas with high salt content in the air or in places where the surrounding gas has obvious corrosion to aluminum, it is suitable to use anti-corrosion aluminum stranded wire or copper stranded wire. 3.2.3 Overhead ground wires should meet the requirements of mechanical use conditions, and galvanized steel stranded wire or composite stranded wire can be used. 3.2.4 Rigid conductors can be rectangular, double-slot and round tube. When the normal working current of the 20kV and below circuit is 4000A and below, rectangular conductors should be used; when it is 4000~8000A, double-slot conductors or tubular conductors should be used. Rigid conductors of 66kV and below distribution equipment can use rectangular conductors or tubular conductors. Tubular conductors are suitable for hard conductors of distribution equipment of 110kV and above. 3.2.5 The design of hard conductors should take into account the influence of factors such as uneven settlement, temperature change and vibration. 3.2.6 The main circuit of the generator with a rated current of 4000A and above can use a phase-isolated closed busbar, and its branch circuit should also use a phase-isolated closed busbar. When the rated current of the circuit is below 5000A, a common box closed busbar can be used.
3.2.7 Natural cooling is suitable for the cooling method of the phase-isolated closed busbar. Forced ventilation cooling can be used when the rated current is above 26000A. 3.2.8 Moisture-proof measures should be taken for phase-isolated closed busbars arranged in underground caverns, humid places, etc. 3.2.9 Copper core or aluminum core can be used for cables of 10kV and below. 35kV and above cables should use copper core 3.2.10 Cable type should be selected according to engineering environment conditions and laying conditions, operation and maintenance experience, fire prevention and environmental protection requirements, etc. Cable type of 220kV and above should be selected through technical and economic comparison.
3.3 Selection of electrical appliances
3.3.1 For circuits that require frequent operation such as hydro-turbine generator sets, energy storage units and shunt capacitor groups that are responsible for peak load regulation, circuit breakers suitable for frequent operation should be selected. 3.3.2 For circuit breakers of voltage levels of 35kV and below, vacuum circuit breakers or SF circuit breakers should be selected. Arc extinguishing and insulating media of generator circuit breakers should be SF or vacuum. file://D:/dlhb2002\\WJ2.htm
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For circuit breakers of voltage levels of 66kV and above, SF circuit breakers should be selected. 3.3.3 The isolating switch should be selected according to the requirements of normal operating conditions and short-circuit fault conditions.4 Load switches can use SF6, vacuum or compressed air load switches. In places with a high degree of pollution, fully enclosed SF6 load switches should be used. 3.3.5 AC metal-enclosed switchgear (referred to as switchgear) should have five protection functions and live display devices. 3.3.63~35kV indoor distribution equipment current transformers should use resin cast insulation structure; 66kV and above distribution equipment current transformers, according to the installation and use conditions and product manufacturing level, can use oil-immersed, SF6 gas-insulated or resin-cast independent current transformers; when conditions permit (such as transformer bushings, circuit breaker bushings or wall bushings in the circuit), bushing current transformers should be used. 3.3.7 Indoor distribution equipment should use electromagnetic voltage transformers with resin cast insulation structure, and outdoor distribution equipment should use oil-immersed insulation structure or SF6 gas-insulated electromagnetic voltage transformers or capacitive voltage transformers.
3.3.8The rated breaking current of the high-voltage fuse shall be greater than the effective value of the maximum expected short-circuit current periodic component that may appear in the circuit. 3.3.9The high-voltage shunt reactor can be single-phase or three-phase. When three-phase is used, three-phase five-column type should be used, and comprehensive consideration should be given to equipment manufacturing, transportation conditions and site layout.
3.3.10The shunt capacitor device should be installed on the low-voltage side or main load side of the main transformer. When installing shunt capacitors, they should be grouped and can be put into and out of operation in groups as needed. Capacitor compensation devices should use complete sets of equipment. 3.3.11 Metal oxide lightning arresters should be used for overvoltage protection; for vacuum circuit breakers of 66kV and below, metal oxide lightning arresters or resistor-capacitor absorbers should be selected according to the capacitive or inductive load being operated.
3.3.12 Arc extinguishing coils installed outdoors should be oil-immersed. Arc extinguishing coils installed indoors should be dry-type. In places where the capacitance and current change greatly, automatic tracking dynamic compensation arc extinguishing coils should be used.
3.3.13 Generator neutral point grounding transformers should be dry-type transformers. 3.3.14 3~6kV outdoor post insulators and wall bushings can use products with two-level voltage increase; 10~20kV outdoor post insulators and wall bushings can use products with one level higher voltage.
4 Types and layout of distribution equipment
4.1 Safety clearance
4.1.1 The safety clearance of outdoor distribution equipment should not be less than the provisions of Table 4.1.1, and should be checked according to Figures 4.1.1-1, 4.1.1-2 and 4.1.1-3. Figure 4.1.1-1 Outdoor A1, A2, A3, D value verification diagram Figure 4.1.1-2 Outdoor A1, B, B2, C, D value verification diagram When the lowest part of the external insulator of the electrical equipment is less than 2.5m from the ground, a fixed fence should be installed. Table 4.1.1 Safety clearance symbol for outdoor power distribution equipment
Applicable range
file://D:/ldlhb2002\\WJ2.htm Drawing number
Unit: mm
System nominal voltage
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Between the live part and the grounded part
The mesh fence extends upward 2.5m from the ground and the live part above the fence||tt ||between parts
between live parts of different phases
between live parts of leads on both sides of the break of circuit breakers and disconnectors
between their outer contours and live parts without barriers
during equipment transportation,
between parts
between live parts without barriers that are not shut down for maintenance at the same time
between cabinet-shaped barriers and insulators and live partsabetween live parts and grounded parts during live workbnet Between fenced and live parts
Between bare conductors without fences and the ground
Between bare conductors without fences and the tops of buildings and structures
Between parallel live parts without fences that are not shut down for maintenance at the same time
Between live parts and the edges of buildings and structures
4.1.1—1,
4.1.1—2
4.1.1—1,
4.1 .1—3
4.1.1—1、
4.1.1—2、
4.1.1—3
4.1.1—2
4.1.1—2、
4.1.1—3
4.1.1—1、
4.1.1—2
Note 1: 110J, 220J, 330J, 500J refer to the neutral point directly grounded power grid. Note 2: When the altitude exceeds 1000m, the A value should be corrected according to Appendix E. Note 3: The values listed in this epidemic are not applicable to the product design of the manufacturer. 200
a: For voltages of 220kV and above, the corresponding B value can be used for verification according to the actual distribution of the insulator potential. At this time, the distance between the fence and the insulator is allowed to be less than the B value. When there is no given distributed potential, it can be calculated according to the linear distribution. This principle can also be used to verify the safe clearance of 500kV phase-to-phase channels. b: During live work, the B value between live parts of different phases or different crossing circuits can be taken as A + 750mm. c: The A value of 500kV can be taken as 3500mm between the double split soft conductor and the grounded part. See 4.12 years
Figure 4.1.1-3 Outdoor A2, B1, C value verification diagram 3800c
4.1.2 When using soft conductors for outdoor power distribution equipment, under different conditions, the safe clearance between the live part and the grounded part and between the live parts of different phases should be verified according to Table 4.1.2, and the maximum value should be used.
Table 4.1.2 Calculated wind speed and safe clearance under different conditions Calculated wind
Lightning overvoltage
Operation overvoltage
Verification conditions
Lightning overvoltage and wind deviation
Operation overvoltage and wind deviation
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(m / s)
50% of the maximum designed wind speed
Unit: mm
System nominal voltage
2007-6-2
Highest operating voltage
Wind deviation at maximum operating voltage, short circuit and
10m/s wind speed
Wind deviation at maximum operating voltage and maximum designed wind speed
Note: In severe meteorological conditions (such as areas with maximum design wind speed of 35m/s and above, and high wind speed during thunderstorms), the safe clearance distance during lightning overvoltage verification is calculated using a wind speed of 15m/s. Table 4.1.3 Safety clearance range for indoor power distribution equipment
Between live parts and grounded parts
Between the live parts above the mesh and plate-shaped fences extending upwards at 2.3m from the ground and the live parts of different phases
Between the live parts of the leads on both sides of the break of the circuit breaker and the disconnector
Between the cabinet-shaped fence and the live parts
Between the crossed live parts without fences that are shut down for maintenance at different times ||tt| | Between mesh fence and live parts a
Between bare conductor without fence and ground (floor)
Between bare conductor without fence that is not shut down for maintenance at the same time
Between bushing outside the vector to the road surface of outdoor passage b
Note 1: 110J and 220J refer to the drawing number of the neutral point effectively grounded grid
4.1.3-1,
Note 2: When the altitude exceeds 1000m, the A value should be corrected according to Appendix E. Note 3: The values listed in this table are not applicable to the product design of the manufacturer. a: When it is a plate-shaped fence, its B, value can be A, + 30mm. 75
Unit: mm
System nominal voltage
b: The distance from the outlet bushing of the external distribution device to the outdoor ground should not be less than the C value of the outdoor part listed in Table 4.1.1. 4.1.3 The safe clearance of indoor distribution equipment should not be less than the provisions of Table 4.1.3, and should be verified according to Figures 4.1.3-1 and 4.1.3-2. Ha
Figure 4.1.3-1 Indoor A, A, B, B, C, D value verification diagramfile://D:ldlhb2002/WJ2.htm
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Pinning price, Guangchanchang
Figure 4.1.3-2 Indoor B, E value verification diagram
When the lowest part of the external insulator of the electrical equipment is less than 2.3m from the ground, a fixed fence should be installed. 4.1.4 If the system nominal voltages of adjacent live parts in the distribution device are different, the safe clearance distance shall be determined according to the higher system nominal voltage. 4.1.5 There shall be no overhead lighting, communication and signal lines crossing or passing above or below the live parts of outdoor distribution devices; there shall be no exposed lighting or power lines crossing above the exposed live parts of indoor distribution devices. 4.2 Type
4.2.1 The selection of the type of distribution device should be based on the hub layout and the way of inlet and outlet lines, taking into account the geographical conditions and environmental conditions of the area, and coordinating with the overall layout of the corresponding water conservancy and hydropower projects; the type of distribution device should be determined through technical and economic comparison. The type of distribution device can be divided into indoor and outdoor types based on the layout. The indoor type can be divided into indoor scattered distribution devices, indoor gas-insulated metal-enclosed switchgear (hereinafter referred to as GIS), and AC metal-enclosed switchgear; the outdoor type can be divided into outdoor open distribution devices, outdoor GIS, outdoor composite electrical distribution devices, and outdoor combined compact distribution devices. Outdoor scattered distribution devices can be divided into high type, semi-high type, ordinary medium type, and phase-split medium type according to the layout type. 4.2.23~35kY distribution devices should use switch cabinets, or prefabricated combined substations. GIS should be used for 66kV and above distribution devices that fall into one of the following situations: 1. In harsh geographical conditions, such as high altitude, high seismic intensity areas, water fog, mud fog, salt fog and other heavily polluted areas, heavy ice frequent and areas with harsh operating conditions.
2. Distribution devices located in deep mountains and valleys, with large earthwork excavation projects. 3. Distribution devices installed in underground caverns.
4. Areas with tight sites and expensive land prices, where the size of distribution devices needs to be minimized. 5. When the technology and economy are relatively reasonable.
4.2.3. In pollution migration areas of level IⅡI and above, 110kV distribution devices and 220kV distribution devices with relatively reasonable technology and economy should be arranged indoors. 4.2.4. 110kV and 220kV outdoor distributed distribution devices can adopt semi-high type, ordinary medium type, split-phase medium type, and should adopt tubular busbars. 330kV and 500kV outdoor distributed distribution devices should adopt medium type layout.
4.2.5 When GIS is used for distribution devices of 66kV and above, it should be arranged indoors. When GIS is arranged outdoors, outdoor equipment should be used. 4.2.6 When the earthquake intensity is 9 degrees or above, GIS should be used for distribution devices of 110kV and above. When the dispersed type is used, semi-high distribution devices and double-layer indoor distribution devices should not be used.
4.3.1 When outdoor distribution devices are used, the following issues should be considered: 1. Meet the requirements of neat and clear layout, less excavation, less occupation of fertile land, convenient access, less crossing and less corners; 2. Combined with the topography of water conservancy and hydropower projects, avoid areas where water scouring, landslides, high slope rolling stones and mud-rock flows may occur. Its ground elevation is consistent with the design flood standard of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
3 Consider the influence of environmental conditions such as air temperature, daily temperature difference, sunshine, rain and sand invasion, ice and electricity, breeze vibration and corrosion, and take corresponding measures when necessary. 4 The site should avoid water mist, mud fog and the influence area of the dominant wind direction as much as possible. 5 The spacing width of the outdoor scattered distribution device meets the verification of various safe clearances, and the height of the bracket meets the requirements of the distance between the conductor and the equipment and the ground, and considers the convenience of installation, operation and maintenance.
4.3.2 The single-tube or multi-tube structure of the tube-type busbar should be determined according to the specific conditions of use. The fixing method can be support type or suspension type. When the earthquake intensity is 9 degrees or above, it is advisable to use the suspension type. When a single-tube busbar is used, measures should be taken to eliminate the end effect. The mid-span deflection of the supported tubular busbar should not exceed 0.5% of the busbar span under normal conditions without ice and wind. The deflection of the suspended tubular busbar under normal conditions without ice and wind can be appropriately enlarged. The deflection of the split-structure aluminum tube busbar should not exceed 0.4% of the busbar span. For the single-tube supported tubular busbar, the internal stress of the supporting insulator caused by breeze vibration and thermal expansion and contraction should also be considered. 4.3.3 The phase sequence of each circuit of the distribution device should be consistent. Generally, it is arranged in the order of A, B, C (U, V, W) from left to right, from far to near, and from top to bottom facing the outgoing line. The indoor hard conductor and the outdoor busbar bridge should be painted with phase color paint. The phase color marks of A, B, C (U, V, W) should be yellow, green, and red. Phase color marks should be applied if they are not painted with phase color paint. The arrangement order of the double busbars in the distribution device is that the busbar arranged close to the transformer side is generally busbar I, and the busbar arranged close to the line side is busbar II. 4.3.4 For distribution devices of 66kV and above, a grounding switch or grounding device should be installed on each section of the busbar. Grounding switches should be configured on the circuit breaker side of the disconnecting switches on both sides of the circuit breaker, the line side of the line disconnecting switches, and the main transformer side of the transformer incoming disconnecting switches. Contact surfaces and connection terminals should be left on the hard conductors and grounding wires in the indoor distribution device compartment to facilitate the installation of temporary grounding wires. 4.3.5 Both indoor and outdoor distribution devices should be equipped with locking devices and interlocking devices for safe operation. 4.3.6 For the structural load conditions and safety distances of outdoor distribution devices of 110kV and above, the requirements for live maintenance should be considered when conditions permit. 4.3.7 The layout of oil-filled electrical equipment should meet the requirements of safe and convenient observation of oil level and oil temperature when energized, and facilitate the extraction of oil samples. 4.3.8 110~220kV busbar lightning arresters and voltage transformers should share a set of isolating switches: 330kV and above lightning arresters and voltage transformers installed on incoming and outgoing lines and busbars should not be equipped with isolating switches.
4.3.9 330kV and above shunt reactors should be connected to the line side of the line circuit breaker, and circuit breakers or load switches should not be installed in their circuits. If installation is required, it should be determined based on factors such as their purpose and operating mode.
4.3.10 The GIS room should be equipped with lifting equipment, and its capacity should be able to meet the requirements of lifting the largest transport unit. The lifting equipment should be operated at two speeds in three directions. 4.4 Passages and fences
4.4.1 The passages of the distribution equipment should be convenient for the operation, transportation, maintenance, testing and inspection of the equipment, and should meet the requirements of safety, fire protection, land conservation, etc. Outdoor distribution equipment that requires on-site operation or maintenance should be equipped with necessary inspection passages and operating floors. 2110kV and above outdoor distribution equipment should be equipped with a circular road or a passage with return conditions. The road width should be 3500mm, and the turning radius should meet the requirements of transport vehicles. 4.4.2
The longitudinal slope of the road inside the outdoor distribution device should not be greater than 6%. The road surface should be made of concrete or asphalt. 3 The minimum width (clearance) of various passages inside the distribution device room should comply with the provisions of Table 4.4.3. 4.4.3
Table 4.4.3 Minimum width of various channels in the distribution equipment room Channel type
Layout
Equipment single row layout
Equipment double row layout
Maintenance channel
Fixed
Note 1: The channel width is allowed to be reduced by 200mm at some protruding parts of the wall columns of the building Unit: mm
Operation channel
Trolley type||tt| | Single car length + 1200
Double car length + 900
Note 2: When the trolley switch cabinet does not need to be repaired on site, the width of its passage can be appropriately reduced. Note 3: When the fixed switch cabinet is arranged against the wall, the distance between the back of the cabinet and the wall should be 50mm. Note 4: When a 35kV trolley switch cabinet is used, the passage behind the cabinet should not be less than 1000mm. 4.4.4 When GIS is arranged, the space and passage required for its installation, maintenance, lifting, operation inspection, on-site test and SF. Gas recovery device transportation should be considered, and an installation place should be reserved. For GIS arranged indoors, the space required for lifting and handling the largest transport unit should be checked. Installation, maintenance and inspection passages should be set on both sides of the GIS. The main passage should be close to the circuit breaker side. The width should meet the requirements of the width of the recovery device and the simultaneous passing of people. Generally, it can be 2000~3500mm. The passage on the other side is for operation inspection, and the width is generally 1200mm. For GIS arranged outdoors, on-site operation requirements such as transportation passages and lifting methods should be considered. 4.4.5 For dry-type transformers installed indoors, the clearance between the outer contour and the surrounding walls should be no less than 600mm, and the distance between dry-type transformers should be no less than 1000mm. When there are inspection and maintenance requirements, the inspection and maintenance requirements should be met; when the dry-type transformer and the distribution cabinet are arranged in the same room, the dry-type transformer should be equipped with a protective fence or a protective cover with a protection level not lower than IP2X.
Dry-type transformers with shells are not subject to the above distance and requirements, but they should meet the inspection and maintenance requirements. 4.4.6 For oil-immersed transformers installed indoors, the minimum clearance between the outer contour and the four walls of the transformer room should comply with the provisions of Table 4.4.6. Table 4.4.6 Minimum clearance between the outer contour of oil-immersed transformers and the four walls of the transformer roomfile://D:ldlhb2002/WJ2.htm
Unit: mm
2007-6-2
Transformer capacity
Between transformer and rear wall, side wall
Between transformer and door
1000 and below
1250 and above
For indoor oil-immersed transformers that are overhauled on site, the indoor height of the transformer room can be determined by the minimum height required for the hanging core or hanging cover plus 700mm, and the width can be determined by adding 800mm on both sides of the transformer.
4.4.7 When arranging gas-insulated busbars, fully connected phase-isolated enclosed busbars and common box busbars, the installation space and the largest component transportation channel should be considered in combination with the equipment installation method, and the operation and maintenance requirements should be met. The width of the installation and transportation channel is 500mm on both sides of the equipment's overall dimensions (it can be appropriately reduced in some parts), and the width of the inspection channel is 800mm. 4.4.8 A solid wall with a height of 2200-2500mm should be set up around the outdoor distribution device site outside the factory area; a fence should be set up around the outdoor distribution device in the factory area, and the height should not be less than 1500mm
4.4.9 The height of the grid-like fence of the electrical equipment in the distribution device should not be less than 1200mm, and the net distance from the lowest railing of the grid-like fence to the ground should not be greater than 200mm. The height of the mesh fence of the electrical equipment in the distribution device should not be less than 1700mm, the mesh of the mesh fence should not be greater than 40mm×40mm, and the fence door should be locked. 4.4.10 For the outdoor busbar bridge, when foreign objects may fall on the busbar, protective measures should be taken according to the specific situation. 5 Incoming and outgoing lines and tie lines
5.0.1 The selection of the incoming and outgoing lines (including incoming and outgoing line sections) and tie lines should be based on the overall layout, the type and layout of the distribution equipment, the relative position of the main transformer and the distribution equipment, the passage, the terrain, the influence of water mist and mud fog, the operation safety, the maintenance conditions and other factors, and select a safe, reliable and economically reasonable solution through technical and economic comparison. Incoming and outgoing lines and tie lines generally adopt the following types: Overhead lines:
Power cables:
Gas insulated busbars:
Enclosed busbars, hard busbars.
5.0.2 The main transformer is arranged outdoors, and the distribution equipment is arranged in a scattered manner. When the wiring conditions permit, overhead lines should be used. When the incoming and outgoing lines and connecting lines are overhead lines, the design of the overhead lines should comply with GB50061 and DL/T5092 and the following requirements: The mechanical strength safety factor of the conductor, lightning arrester, insulator and hardware is not less than 3.51
When crossing rivers, canyons, reservoirs and navigation buildings, the design should be based on the meteorological conditions of large spans. Incoming and outgoing lines generally avoid crossing the diversion area of the discharge building. When it cannot be avoided, consider the influence of water mist and mud mist, and reasonably select the external insulation creepage distance. 3
For the long and densely erected incoming and outgoing lines, check the mutual static electricity and electromagnetic induction, and take necessary protective measures. 4
5 Incoming and outgoing lines generally avoid crossing. When it cannot be avoided, the intersection should be close to the pole tower, and the crossing distance requirements should be met under the most unfavorable meteorological conditions and short-circuit current overheating conditions; at the same time, when lines of different voltage levels cross, the higher voltage line should be installed above the lower voltage line. 6 Combined with the layout of the main transformer and the distribution device, avoid construction interference, and select a safe and reliable solution with less power outage losses caused by construction and maintenance. 7
The protection angle of the lightning conductor is smaller than that of the general line. Avoid radio interference to communication and video signal lines Combined with the topography, consider the pole tower assembly conditions, and reasonably select the tower base location. 9
10 Combined with the on-site geological conditions, it is necessary to solve the pole tower grounding problem. 11 Combined with the on-site conditions, give priority to the use of buildings such as dams and factory buildings or anchor reinforcement rings on the cliff to save pole towers and investment. 12 When the lightning conductor or lightning rod is installed on the portal frame of the main transformer, take measures to prevent counterattack. For the use of one-end insulated lightning conductors, the following principles should be followed 1) Try to shorten the span of the one-end insulated lightning conductor. 2) The number of insulators is determined by the lightning overvoltage. 3) When two or more insulated lightning conductors are laid in parallel, under the condition of ensuring safety, it is possible to consider connecting the insulated ends of each lightning conductor with the same conductor as the lightning conductor to form a lightning path to reduce impedance and reduce overvoltage. 4) In order to reduce lightning overvoltage, the grounding resistance of the grounding end of the lightning conductor should be reduced as much as possible. 5.0.3 When the incoming and outgoing lines and connecting lines cannot use overhead lines, power cables or gas insulated busbars can be used after technical and economic comparison. 5.0.4 When the main transformer is close to the distribution device and the voltage level is low, a closed busbar or hard busbar can be used. 6 Fire protection of distribution equipment
6.0.1 The fire protection design of the distribution device should implement the fire protection work policy of "prevention first, prevention and fire prevention combined". 6.0.2 The fire protection design of the distribution device should meet the requirements of SDJ278. 7 Requirements for buildings and structures
7.0.1 The construction of the distribution equipment room shall meet the following requirements 1 A distribution equipment room with a length greater than 7m shall have two exits, which shall be arranged at both ends of the distribution equipment room; when the length is greater than 60m, an additional exit shall be added; when the distribution equipment room has floors, one exit may be located at the platform leading to the outdoor stairs 2 If the door of the oil-filled electrical equipment room opens to a building that does not belong to the distribution equipment range, the door shall be a solid door of non-combustible or difficult-to-combust body, 3 The distribution equipment room shall be equipped with a fire door, which shall be opened outwards, and the fire door shall be equipped with a spring lock, and it is strictly forbidden to open the door. If there is a door between adjacent distribution equipment rooms, it shall be able to open in both directions. Windows may be opened in the distribution equipment room, and measures shall be taken to prevent rain, snow, small animals, wind and sand, and dirt and dust from entering. The side of the distribution device room facing the street should not be equipped with windows. 4
5 The fire resistance level of the distribution device room should not be lower than level 2. The distribution device room should be clean and dry, and the ceiling, inner wall and ground (floor) surface should be treated. When the distribution device room has floors, waterproof measures should be taken for the floors. 6
The distribution device room should be equipped with emergency ventilation devices according to the requirements of emergency smoke exhaust. The GIS distribution device room should be equipped with ventilation and exhaust devices. The top of the air inlet should not be greater than 300mm from the floor of the house. The exhaust outlet should be set in a ventilated place that is easy to diffuse. It is not allowed to discharge into the factory.
The indoor passage of the distribution device should be guaranteed to be unobstructed, no threshold should be set, and no pipes unrelated to the distribution device should pass through. 7.0.2 The load conditions of the outdoor distribution device structure shall meet the following requirements: 1 The meteorological conditions used for calculation shall be determined according to local meteorological data. 2 The structure should be designed as a terminal or intermediate structure according to the actual stress conditions (including adverse conditions that may occur in the future). The structure design does not consider line breaks. 3 The structure design should consider five load combinations during operation, installation, maintenance, earthquake, and short-circuit conditions: 1) Operation conditions: three conditions including maximum wind speed (no ice, corresponding air temperature), minimum air temperature (no ice and no wind), and most severe icing (corresponding air temperature and wind speed) and their corresponding conductor and lightning conductor tension, deadweight, etc.
2) Installation conditions: When laying conductors and lightning conductors, the weight of people and tools on the beams is 2.0kN, as well as the corresponding wind load, conductor and lightning conductor tension, deadweight, etc. 3) Maintenance conditions: For structures with a voltage of 110kV and above with down conductors in the conductor span, the active load of people on the conductors and on the beams is 2.0kN, and the stress state of single-phase and three-phase operations is verified respectively. At this time, the concentrated load of the conductor is: single-phase operation: 1.5kN for 330kV and below, 3.5kN for 500kV; three-phase operation: 1.0kN for each phase for 330kV and below, 2.0kN for each phase for 500kV. : 4) Earthquake conditions: Considering the horizontal earthquake action and the corresponding wind load (or corresponding ice load), the tension of the conductor and lightning conductor, the deadweight, etc., the structural resistance (anti-pullout, anti-overturning, etc.) or design strength under the earthquake condition is allowed to be increased by 25%. 5) Short-circuit conditions: Considering the electric force and the corresponding wind load, the tension of the conductor and lightning conductor, the deadweight, etc. during the short circuit, the platform and walkway of the semi-high distribution device, and the equivalent uniformly distributed load of 1.5kN/m2, the structural beam should consider the appropriate lifting load. 7.0.3 The equipment support and its foundation shall take the following three load conditions as the basic combination of the ultimate bearing capacity state: 1. Operating condition: Take the load of the design wind speed on the equipment and the corresponding lead tension, deadweight, etc. 2. Operation load condition: Take the maximum operating load of the equipment and the corresponding wind load and the corresponding lead tension and deadweight, etc. 3. Earthquake condition: Consider the horizontal earthquake effect and the corresponding wind load, lead tension, deadweight, etc. The structural resistance (pull-out resistance, overturning resistance, etc.) or design strength under earthquake conditions is allowed to be increased by 25%.
7.0.4 The load of the indoor distribution device shall be designed according to the deadweight, operating force and uniform live load of the equipment. 7.0.5 The GIS distribution device room shall be equipped with a concentration detector for detecting SF gas in the air. All holes opened in the GIS room shall be provided with isolation and sealing measures. 7.0.6 The civil engineering error of the GIS room should meet the following requirements: 1 The displacement on both sides of the concrete joint line shall not exceed: horizontal, transverse and longitudinal, soil 10mm; vertical, soil 5mm 2 The civil engineering error accumulated to the nominal surface of the GIS equipment installation is: horizontal, soil 8mm; vertical, soil 8mm 3 The unevenness of the ground plane within 100m length should not exceed 10mm. 7.0.7 The design slope of the outdoor distribution device layout site should be determined according to the terrain conditions, equipment layout, drainage method and road longitudinal slope. It is advisable to use 0.5% to 2%, the minimum should not be less than 0.3%, and the local maximum slope should not be greater than 6%. The slope parallel to the busbar direction should meet the requirements of electrical and structural layout. 7.0.8 The top arch of the underground and dam distribution device room and busbar corridor should be equipped with a waterproof barrier, and the cave wall should be equipped with a waterproof partition wall. The cable corridor should also have waterproof and drainage measures. 8 Environmental protectionbZxz.net
8.0.1 The impact of electromagnetic radiation from distribution devices and incoming and outgoing lines on the environment shall comply with the requirements of GB8702, GB9175 and GB15707. 8.0.2 According to the geographical location of the water conservancy and hydropower project, the impact of noise from distribution devices on the surrounding environment shall comply with the requirements of GB12348 or GB3096. 8.0.3 The electrostatic induction field strength level outside the equipment fence of distribution devices of 330kV and above (field strength in space 1500mm above the ground) should not exceed 10kV/m, and may reach 15kV/m in a few areas.
The electrostatic induction field strength level (field strength in space 1500mm above the ground) outside the fence of the distribution device (not in the direction of outgoing lines, when the outside of the fence is a residential area) should not exceed 5kV/m. 8.0.4 The greening of outdoor distribution devices should be coordinated with the surrounding environment to prevent soil erosion, but the greening should be strictly prevented from affecting the safe operation of electrical equipment. In order to prevent oil leakage pollution, an accident oil storage tank should be set up to treat and recycle the oil pollution. The sewage should be purified before discharge. 8.0.5 The power distribution equipment selected in the mountainous area should not damage the natural landform of the mountain too much. Appendix A Line and power plant, substation pollution transfer classification standard table A-1 Line and power plant, substation pollution transfer grade Salt density
(mg/cm2)
Pollution transfer characteristics
file://D:\\dlhb2002/WJ2.htm
2007-6-2
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