Some standard content:
ICS 07.060
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T11832--2002
Replaces GB/T11832-1989
Tipping bucket rain gauge
Raingauge
2002-09-09 Issued
People's Republic of China
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
2003-03-01 Implementation
GB/T11832-2002
This standard replaces GB/T11832-1989 "Tipping bucket rain gauge". Compared with GB/T11832-1989, the main changes are as follows: The revised standard meets the requirements of GB/T1.1-2000 "Guidelines for standardization work Part 1: Structure and writing rules of standards" and GB/T1.3-1997 "Guidelines for standardization work Unit 1: Drafting and expression rules of standards Part 3: Regulations for writing product standards".
Added requirements such as repeatability error, service life, lightning protection and electromagnetic interference resistance, and specified corresponding test methods.
In the requirements, the measurement accuracy replaces the tipping bucket measurement error of the original standard, the sensitivity threshold replaces the wetting loss in the original standard, and the content related to solid storage is added. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the Hydrological Instruments Sub-Technical Committee of the National Hydrological Standardization Technical Committee. The drafting unit of this standard: Nanjing Water Conservancy and Hydrological Automation Research Institute. The main drafters of this standard: Feng Nemin, Zhang Shuan, Xu Haifeng. The previous versions of the standards replaced by this standard are: GB/T11832-1989.
1 Scope
Tipping bucket rain gauge
GB/T11832-2002
This standard specifies the basic performance, test methods, inspection rules and marking, packaging, transportation and storage of tipping bucket rain gauges (hereinafter referred to as "rain gauges").
This standard applies to tipping bucket rain gauges used by hydrological and meteorological stations and relevant departments to continuously measure rainfall, rainfall duration and rainfall intensity.
Tipping bucket rain gauges generally include sensors and display recorders. 2 Normative references
The clauses in the following documents become clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For all dated referenced documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties who reach an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For all undated referenced documents, the latest versions are applicable to this standard. GB/T9359—2001 Basic environmental test conditions and methods for hydrological instruments GB/T18185 Technical requirements for reliability of hydrological instruments GB/T18522.2 General rules for hydrological instruments Part 2: Reference working conditions GB/T50095 Basic hydrological terms
SL10 Terms for hydrological instruments
3 Terms and definitions
The terms and definitions established in GB/T50095 and SL10 and the following terms and definitions apply to this standard. 3.1
Loss of wetness
The part of rainfall entering the rain receiving port that is intercepted and not measured before flowing into the dump bucket. Wetness loss generally occurs at the beginning of rainfall. 4 Requirements
4.1 Sensor
4.1.1 Overview
The sensor receives precipitation through the dump bucket, senses the rainfall, and converts it into a physical quantity signal that can be measured. The structure of the sensor can be in the form of single bucket, double bucket, multi-bucket, etc. There should be a definite corresponding relationship between the number of bucket flips and the number of output signals. 4.1.2 Inner diameter size of the rain receiving port
The inner diameter size of the rain receiving port is $200+6°mm. In special cases, the inner diameter of the rain receiving port of other specifications is used, and its rain receiving area should have the same relative error as the standard rain receiving area.
The material of the rain receiving port should be solid, its edge is in the shape of a blade, and the inner wall is smooth. There should be no defects such as sand holes, burrs, bumps, coating peeling, leakage, etc. The sharp angle of the blade is 40°~45°, and the rainfall entering the rain receiving port should not splash out of the rain receiving port. 4.1.3 Resolution
The resolution can generally be divided into four types: 0.1mm, 0.2mm, 0.5mm, and 1.0mm. According to different collection purposes, it should be selected in accordance with the test or observation specifications stipulated by various departments.
4.1.4 Rainfall intensity
Rainfall intensity measurement range 0mm/min～4mm/min, and the maximum rainfall intensity allowed to pass should be indicated. 1
GB/T11832—2002
4.1.5 Sensitivity threshold
The sensitivity threshold of the instrument should be the sum of the wetting loss and the instrument resolution. The wetting loss should be less than or equal to 0.5mm. 4.1.6 Measurement accuracy
The error of the tipping bucket metering manufacturing is the tipping bucket metering error. Usually the measurement accuracy is related to the sensor tipping bucket metering error. When the recording device has the function of correcting the metering error of the sensor, it is also related to the correction accuracy of the recording device. .When the rainfall intensity varies in the range of 0.01mm/min～4.00.mm/min, the accuracy level of the rain sensor is as shown in Table 1. Table 1
Rain gauge sensor accuracy level
: Accuracy level
Where:
.J..··Tipping bucket measurement error E.,.
八±2%
≤±4%
E(%=× 100
E Tipping bucket measurement error;
Theoretical tipping bucket water volume, unit is milliliter (ml) 1: V
Actual tipping bucket water volume, unit is milliliter (mL). Test conditions: Indoor artificial dripping.
4.1.7 Repeatability error
(1)
Under the same working conditions and within the specified rainfall intensity range, the tipping bucket measurement error test of the sensor is repeated with the same rainfall intensity. The tolerance range of the tipping bucket measurement errors shall not exceed 1%. .: 4.1.8 Output
The signal transmission element can be a reed switch or other element. a)
For sensors using contact on-off signal output, the contact is allowed to withstand a voltage of not less than 16V and a current of not less than 50mA. The open circuit resistance of the output terminal is not less than 1MQ, and the contact resistance is not greater than 10α. The insulation resistance between the output terminal and the housing is not less than 1Mα.
c) The contact life is greater than or equal to 5×105 times (when the current is 50mA and the voltage is 16V). 4.1.9 Field work requirements
The sensor should have good adaptability to outdoor working conditions and can be installed correctly, reliably and conveniently at the installation location that meets the specified conditions. Measures should be taken to prevent blocking, insects and dust. 4.1.10 Environmental conditions for use
Working environment temperature: 0℃～+55℃;: Working environment humidity: 95%RH, 40℃ (condensation). 4.1:11·Reliability.
Under normal working conditions, the MTBF (mean time between failures) of the sensor can be selected from 16000h, 25000h, 40000h, 63000h, and 100000h.
4.1.12: Service life:
Under normal working conditions, the service life of the sensor should be greater than or equal to 7 years. 4.2 Display recorder
4.2.1 Overview
GB/T 11832—2002
The display recorder has the functions of displaying and recording rainfall measurement values. Generally, analog line recording, solid-state storage, pointer, digital, sound and light display are adopted.
4:2.2 Recording cycle
The recording cycle of the display recorder can generally be divided into 1d, 31d, 91d, 182d and 365d. 4.2.3 Timing error
The timing mechanism is used to reflect the start and end time of rainfall and the duration of rainfall. Its comprehensive error under working load conditions should be less than or equal to that specified in Table 2.
The display recorder with solid-state storage function should also have a time synchronization function. Table 2 Timing mechanism comprehensive error table
Recording cycle/d
Precision level/(min/d)
±4/31
±9/91
±12/182
±15/365
For the ordinary-level diary instruments that have been finalized, ±5min/d can be temporarily retained. 4.2.4Data acquisition rate
Ordinary level/(min/d)
Continuous operation time of timing mechanism/d
The display recorder should be able to correctly receive the output signal of the sensor, and the accuracy of its collected data should be at least 1 order of magnitude higher than the measurement accuracy of the sensor.
4.2.5Analog marking record
When the display recorder uses graphic recording, the self-recording pen tip should draw lines on the white recording paper smoothly without scratching the paper, and the width of the line should not exceed 0.3mm, when the instrument works continuously under the maximum rainfall intensity, the recorded graphics should be complete, clear, without overlap, blur and other phenomena. 4.2.6, solid-state storage record
The storage medium can use non-volatile semiconductor memory. If static RAM is used as the storage medium, reliable protection measures should be taken to prevent data loss. The data storage format can be specified by yourself, and it is advisable to encode reliably, conveniently, intuitively and occupy less storage space. The capacity series is 32K, 64K, 128K, 256K, 512K, 1024K, etc. 4.2.7 Display mode
The display recorder should generally have a digital display or other display indicating rainfall. The difference between the graphic recording value and the digital display of the display recorder with graphic recording function should be less than or equal to the instrument resolution. The recorded value of the display recorder with solid-state storage function should be completely consistent with the digital display value.
4.2.8 Power supply
The display recorder using AC power supply should be equipped with a DC backup power supply for switching during power outages. The display recorder with DC power supply can be powered by 24V, 12V, 6V or below 6V. When the DC power supply voltage fluctuates by +15% to -10% and the AC power supply voltage fluctuates by +10% to 15%, the display recorder should work normally. 4.2.9 Transmission
When the specified wire is used, the maximum effective transmission distance between the sensor and the display recorder should be no less than 150m. 4.2.10 Lightning protection and anti-electromagnetic interference
The internal circuit design of the display recorder should have effective insulation, shielding and other protective measures to ensure that it has strong anti-inductive lightning and anti-electromagnetic interference capabilities.
4.2.11 Environmental conditions for use
Working environment temperature: 0℃～+45℃,
GB/T11832-2002
Working environment humidity: 90%RH, 40C (condensation). 4.2.12 Reliability
Under normal working conditions, the MTBF of the display recorder can be selected from 16000h, 25000h, 40000h, 63000h, and 100000h.
4.3 Other requirements
4.3.1 Protection
The protective layer applied to each component of the rain gauge should be firm, uniform, and smooth. It should have strong anti-rust and anti-corrosion properties, and should not have defects such as delamination and rust.
4.3.2 Packaging
In the packaging state, the sensor and display recorder should be able to withstand the free drop test at the specified height respectively. 4.3.3 Installation
The various components of the sensor should be installed correctly to ensure that they are firmly installed and can be turned over flexibly. There should be no looseness, deformation, or other defects that affect the use. Display recorders directly installed outdoors should have measures to protect against direct attacks such as sun, rain, snow, sand, dust, and wind. Transmission cables shall be laid underground as far as possible.
5 Test methods
5.1 Test requirements
Unless otherwise specified in the article, all tests shall meet the following conditions: a) The test environment shall be carried out in accordance with GB/T18522.2. b) The instruments and measuring tools used shall have a reasonable accuracy level and shall be checked and calibrated regularly. c) Except for calibration of the instrument before the start of the test, no further adjustment is allowed during the test. 5.2 Test items
See Table 3 for test items.
Table 3 Test items
Technical requirements Clauses
Test content
Inner diameter of rain receiving port
Sensitivity threshold
Accuracy
Test method
Measure the inner diameter of the rain receiving port with a vernier caliper with a graduation value of 0.02mm, and evenly measure five different directions. The values shall be within the specified error range. Use a universal angle ruler to check the sharp angle of the cutting edge. Visually inspect the appearance quality.
When the sensor under test is dry, evenly inject clean water equivalent to about 50mm rainfall into the rain receiving port at a rainfall intensity of 3mm/min to 4mm/min (measure the amount of clean water injected by weighing). Install a water diversion pipe at the funnel mouth above the tipping bucket, so that the injected clean water is injected into the pre-prepared container through the water diversion pipe. When no clean water flows out of the water diversion pipe (the waiting time is no more than 1h), weigh the clean water in the container. Compared with the injected clean water, the drop should be less than or equal to 0.5mm. Under the specified indoor conditions, when the sensor is in normal working state, in the range of rainfall intensity of 0.3mm/min~4.2mm/min, three rainfall intensities of large (rainfall intensity of 3.8mm/min4.2mm/min), medium (rainfall intensity of 1.5mm/min~2.5mm/min), and small (rainfall intensity of 0.3mm/min~0.5mm/min) are used to inject clean water into the instrument at a constant speed, and the number of bucket flips is counted by a special counter, and the bucket flips 10/c times each (c is the resolution of the instrument). The national standard instrument is used to measure the instrument's own water discharge, which should meet the requirements of 4.1.6. When the recording device has the function of correcting the measurement error of the sensor, the accuracy test should be carried out together with the recording device, and a qualified recording device should be used to replace the special counter. Sequence
Technical requirements Clauses
Test content
Repeatability error
Basic environment
Recording cycle
Counting function
Voltage fluctuation and
Transmission distance
Lightning protection and anti-
Electromagnetic interference
Assembly and surface
Free fall
Reliability
Table 3 (continued)
Test method
GB/T11832—2002
Under the specified indoor conditions, the sensor is in normal In the working state, when the rainfall intensity is within the range of 0.3mm/min~4.2mm/min, the instrument is divided into three types of rainfall intensities: large (rainfall intensity 3.8mm/min~4.2mm/min), medium (rainfall intensity 1.5mm/min~2.5mm/min), and small (rainfall intensity 0.3mm/min~0.5mm/min). Clean water is poured into the instrument at a constant speed three times respectively. At the same time, the number of times the bucket is turned over is counted by a special counter. The bucket is turned over 10/c times each. The self-discharge volume of the instrument is measured by national standard instruments, which shall meet the requirements of 4.1.7. When the contact of the tested sensor is connected, the contact resistance between the signal output terminals is measured with an ohmmeter, which shall meet the requirements of 4.1.8.
When the contact of the tested sensor is disconnected, the open circuit resistance between the signal output terminals is measured with an ohmmeter, and the insulation resistance between the output terminal and the shell is measured with a megohmmeter, which shall meet the requirements of 4.1.8. When the tested sensor is dripped with water artificially and works continuously, the contact life of the sensor shall meet the requirements of 4.1.8c. Basic environmental tests include temperature tests and humidity tests. Sensors should be tested according to the provisions of GB/T9359 and the requirements of 4.1.10. Display recorders should be tested according to the provisions of GB/T9359 and Chapter A2 of GB/T9359-2001.
After completing the above tests, visual inspection should be carried out, and there should be no defects caused by changes in environmental conditions. Under room temperature conditions, the tested display recorder runs 1 to 3 recording cycles, and the instrument recording cycle and timing accuracy should meet the requirements of 4.2.2 and 4.2.3. Under room temperature conditions, the sensor and display recorder are connected by the specified wire, and clean water is injected into the sensor at a rainfall intensity of about 4mm/min. The counting mechanism works normally. When the display recorder counts more than or equal to 300 times, its analog recording curve or solid-state storage record should meet the requirements of 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6, and 4.2.7 respectively.
The sensor and the display recorder are connected with a specified wire of 150m. The AC and DC power supply voltage fluctuates by +10% to 15% or +15% to -10%, and the instrument functions normally. Use an electromagnetic disruptor (or an impact drill of more than 600W) to switch 10 times at 25cm away from the display recorder in the working state, each time for 1min, and the display recorder should work normally. In the energized state, use a simulated lightning wave generator 1000V (1000μs) to impact the rainfall input end of the display recorder, and the instrument will not be damaged.
Visual inspection, meet the corresponding technical requirements. The test instrument is in a packaged state and subjected to a free drop test on a cement floor or steel plate. When the gross weight of the instrument is less than or equal to 50kg, the drop height is 250mm; when the gross weight of the instrument is between 50kg and 100kg, the drop height is 100mm.
The bottom of the packaging box is horizontal. After falling in a free fall mode for 4 times, the packaging should not be damaged or deformed significantly. The instrument should not be deformed, loose, or have coating shedding and other mechanical damages. The instrument functions normally.
Perform reliability verification tests in accordance with GB/T18185. The test method is an exponentially distributed life abstract verification test.
GB/T11832—2002
6 Inspection rules
Product inspection is divided into factory inspection and type inspection. 6.1 Factory inspection
6.1.1Batch-produced instruments shall be inspected one by one before leaving the factory. 6.1.2 The items for factory inspection are as follows:
a) Rain-receiving port inner diameter measurement test, test number 1; b) Accuracy test, test number 3;
c) Counting function test, test number 8; d) Assembly and surface modification test, test number 11.6.1.3 Each instrument shall be inspected and qualified by the quality inspection department of the manufacturer and accompanied by a certificate of conformity before it can leave the factory.6.2 Type inspection
.6.2.1 Overview
Type inspection shall be carried out by the quality inspection department of the manufacturer according to all the test items of this standard. The number of units for type inspection shall not be less than 3, and shall be randomly selected from the qualified products of factory inspection. 6.2.2 Type inspection should generally be carried out in any of the following situations: a) Pre-production and identification of new products or old products for transfer to factory production; after formal production, if there are major changes in structure, materials, and processes that may affect product performance; b) 1
c) During normal production, an inspection should be carried out periodically after a certain amount of production has been accumulated; d) When the product is resumed after a long period of suspension; e) When the quality of similar products is evaluated.
6.3 Evaluation of test results
When more than one (including one) product fails in the type test, the product should be doubled for testing. If there are still unqualified products, the batch of products shall be judged as unqualified and not allowed to leave the factory. If all the products pass the inspection, except for the unqualified units sampled in the first batch, which are not allowed to leave the factory, the batch of products shall be judged as qualified.
7 Marking, packaging, transportation and storage
7.1 Marking
7.1.1 Each instrument should have a nameplate or other marking fixed at an appropriate location, with the following contents: a) Instrument model and name;
b) Manufacturer's name and trademark;
Factory number or date of manufacture.
7.1.2 Packaging Marks
The instrument packaging box should be marked with eye-catching, clear and firm marks at appropriate locations, and the contents are as follows: instrument name, model and quantity;
factory number;
box size 1×b×h, mm;
d) net weight and gross weight (kg);
packing date;
arrival station (port) and consignee;
departure station (port) and consignor;
h) mark "Do not invert", "Do not get wet", "Precision instrument, handle with care" and other words and corresponding patterns. 7.2 Packaging
GB/T11832-2002
When packing the instrument, appropriate measures should be taken for important or vulnerable parts to prevent them from being damaged, lost, rusted, etc. due to poor packaging. The box should be accompanied by a packing list, product certificate, and product manual. The product packaging should be compact, well-structured, and reliable in protection. It should be packed in corrugated paper boxes and expandable polystyrene foam plastics. 7.3 Transportation
This instrument has no special requirements for transportation.
7.4 Storage
It should comply with the provisions of GB/T9359.
GB/T11832-2002
People's Republic of China
National Standard
Tipping Bucket Rain Gauge
GB/T11832—2002
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