This standard specifies the safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and their components, and sets out some guidelines for the use and maintenance of bicycles. This standard only applies to bicycles ridden on the road, the saddle height of which can be adjusted to 635mm or higher. This standard does not apply to other special types of bicycles, such as bicycles used by retailers to transport goods, tandem bicycles, children's bicycles and bicycles designed and manufactured for official competition. GB 3565-1993 Bicycle safety requirements GB3565-1993 standard download and decompression password: www.bzxz.net

National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Safety requirements of bicycles
Safety requirements of bicycles This standard is equivalent to the international standard ISO4210-1989 "Bicycle Safety Requirements". GB 3565--93
ISO 4210-1989
replaces GB3565-83
The purpose of formulating this standard is to ensure that bicycles manufactured in accordance with this standard are as practical as possible in actual use. Safety. The purpose of the test is to ensure the strength and durability of each component and even the entire vehicle. High quality and safety are required from the very beginning of the design. For the wet braking performance test method (see Article 5.5.2), the specified test conditions are more stringent than those actually encountered, so the braking distance obtained exceeds the distance that may be achieved under actual rainy conditions. Although various requirements are specified in this standard, any new design, structure, material and assembly method, even if it cannot be tested in accordance with the requirements of this standard, can equally achieve the safety and durability specified in this standard, then Compliance with this standard shall be considered until it is amended or supplemented.
This standard is limited to safety considerations, so it specifically avoids the standardization of parts. Chapter 1 General
1 Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the safety and performance requirements for the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and their components, and formulates some bicycle use and maintenance Elegant.
This standard only applies to bicycles ridden on the road, whose saddles can be adjusted to a height of 635mm or higher. This standard does not apply to other special types of bicycles, such as bicycles used by retailers to transport goods, tandem bicycles, children's bicycles and bicycles designed and manufactured for official competition. 2 Reference Standards
GB3591 Bicycle Bell
ZB Y14001 Bicycle Reflector
3 Terminology
The terms used in this standard are defined as follows: 3.1 Bicycle: borrowing human power only , a vehicle that is mainly driven by feet and has at least two wheels. 3.2 Two-wheeled bicycle: A bicycle with two wheels. 3.3 Delivery Vehicle: A bicycle designed primarily for transporting goods. 3.4 Tandem bicycles are bicycles equipped with two or more people's saddles, arranged one after the other. 3.5 Saddle height: the height from the ground level to the saddle surface. When measuring, the bicycle should be perpendicular to the ground, and then measure vertically from the center of the saddle surface to the ground.
3.6 Braking distance: the distance traveled from the start of braking to where the bicycle stops. 3.7 Stopping distance: the sum of the braking distance plus the distance traveled during a period of time when the rider reacts. 3.8 Stroke: The distance traveled by the bicycle when the crank rotates once. Approved by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision on July 21, 1993 84 | A protruding object that collides with the 75mm long arc in the middle of a cylindrical rod (simulating a human limb) with a length of 250mm and a diameter of 83mm. See Figure 1. 3.10 (Foot glare) Foot tread: The surface of the foot located under the foot. Its anti-slip performance must be considered when designing. Figure 1 Exposed protrusion test cylindrical rod
Part 2 Parts Requirements
4 General Principles
4.1 Sharp Edges
During normal riding, handling and maintenance, There should be no exposed sharp edges anywhere that the cyclist's hands, legs, etc. may touch. 4.2 Protrusions
If the length of any protrusion after assembly exceeds 8mm, the tail end rounding shall not be less than 6.3mm. The big end size (width) should be greater than 12.7mm and the small end size (thickness) should be greater than 3.2mm. There should be no protrusions on the top tube of the bicycle frame between the saddle and the 300mm in front of the saddle, but steel rope casings with a diameter not greater than 6.4mm and casing clamps with a thickness not greater than 4.8mm are allowed to be attached. On the top tube. The exposed protruding part of the screw, after the nut is tightened, should be shorter than the major diameter of the screw (see 3.9). 5 Brakes
5.1 Braking system
Bicycles should be equipped with a braking system, or a device guaranteed to comply with the requirements of Article 5.5. When there is only one brake, it should be installed on the rear wheel; when there are two independent brakes, one should be installed on the front wheel and the other on the rear wheel. 5.2 Handbrake
5.2.1 Brake lever position
The specific positions of the front and rear brake levers installed on both sides of the handlebars can be based on our country's usage habits: the front brake lever is on the right, and the rear brake lever is on the right. Left. 5.2.2 Brake grip size
The maximum grip size d measured from the outer surface of the brake handle to the outer surface of the handlebar, handlebar cover, or other protective object (see Figure 2), in A and B The distance between points should not exceed 90mm, and the distance between points B and C should not exceed 100mm. 85 | | tt | 2 Brake grip size
When a bicycle is equipped with any type of wire brake, the screws that fasten the wire brake to the frame or front fork should have appropriate locking devices, such as lock washers, locks, etc. Tightening nut or reinforcement nut. The braking system should be flexible to operate.
When loading the vehicle according to the instructions, the rope tightening screws should not cut the strands of the steel rope. The end of the steel rope should have a tail sleeve that can withstand 20N pull-off force for protection. 5.2.4 Brake skin assembly
The brake skin should be tightly mounted on the analysis box. When tested according to the method specified in Chapter 20, the brake skin assembly should not be damaged. After completion of the test specified in Chapter 20, the braking performance of the braking system shall comply with the requirements of Articles 5.5.1 and 5.5.2. 5.2.5 Adjustment of the brake
The brake should be able to be adjusted to the effective control position, unless the brake skin has been worn to the extent that it needs to be replaced according to the instructions. After the gate skin is correctly adjusted, it cannot touch anything other than the gate surface. 5.3 Foot brake
The foot brake should brake when the rider exerts a force on his foot with his foot in the opposite direction of the driving direction. The braking mechanism should be independent and effective, independent of the driving mechanism and adjustment. The difference between the drive and brake positions of the crank should not exceed 60°. When measuring, the torque applied to each position of the crank must be at least greater than 14N㎡.
5.4 Strength of the braking system
5.4.1 Handbrake
When tested according to the method specified in Article 21.1, the braking system and any of its parts shall not break. 5.4.2 When the foot brake
is tested according to the method specified in Article 21.2, the braking system and any of its parts shall not break. 5.5 Braking performance
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5.5.1 Dry braking
Press No. 22 When tested according to the methods specified in the chapter:
GB3565-93
a. At the highest speed ratio, a bicycle with a stroke of 5m or more, when traveling at a speed of 24km/h, should stop smoothly and safely within a distance of 5.5m.
b. At the highest speed, a bicycle with a stroke of less than 5m, when traveling at a speed of 16km/h, should stop smoothly and safely within a distance of 5.5m.
Note: The braking distance of 5.5m includes human and instrument errors in the current common test methods. It can be revised in the future based on the experience gained in the experiment.
5.5.2 Wet Braking
When tested according to the method specified in Chapter 22, a bicycle traveling at a speed of 16km/h should stop smoothly and safely within a distance of 15m.
5.5.3 Linearity of foot brake
When tested according to the method specified in Chapter 23, the braking force should be linearly proportional to the foot force within the range of 90 to 300N. (The error is within 20%). In addition, when the foot force is 300N, the braking force should not be less than 150N. 6 Handlebars
6.1 Handlebar cross tubes
The total width of the handlebar cross tubes should be between 350~700mm. The vertical distance between the upper end surface of the handle when in the highest position and the saddle surface when in the lowest position should not exceed 400mm. The ends of the handle bar cross tubes should be equipped with handle covers or handle covers, which should be able to withstand a pull-off force of 70N. 6.2 The stem tube
There should be a permanent mark on the stem tube to clearly indicate the minimum depth of insertion of the stem tube into the front fork stem tube, or a reliable permanent device should be used to ensure the minimum insertion depth. The insertion mark or insertion depth from the end of the handlebar riser should not be less than 2.5 times the pipe diameter. There should be at least one diameter length of pipe material without grooves below the mark. The insertion mark should not damage the strength of the handlebar riser. 6.3 The minimum breaking torque of the stem screw
of the riser should be at least 50% greater than the maximum tightening torque specified by the manufacturer. 6.4. Handlebar stability
After the handlebar is correctly adjusted, it should be able to turn flexibly within a range of not less than 60° on both sides of the front position, and there should be no tight spots, stiffness or slack at the bearings. .
When the rider sits on the saddle, holds the handlebar grips with both hands and leans back as far as possible, at least 25% of the total weight of the bicycle and the rider should rest on the front wheel.
The recommended position of the handlebar is in Appendix B (reference part). 6.5 Strength of handlebar components
The handlebar riser shall withstand the tests specified in 24.1.1 and 24.1.2 without breaking. When tested according to the method specified in Article 24.2, the handlebar cross tube should not rotate relative to the handlebar riser tube. When tested according to the method specified in Article 24.3, the handlebar riser should not rotate relative to the front fork riser. However, except for the rotation required before tightening the gap between the contact surfaces, this rotation shall not exceed 5°. 7 Frame/front fork assembly
7.1 Impact test (falling heavy objects)
When tested according to the method specified in Article 25.1, there should be no visible lines on the assembly. , the permanent deformation between the center lines of the rear axle should not exceed 40mm.
7.2 Impact test (frame/front fork assembly dropped) 87
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GB 3565-93
When tested according to the method specified in Article 25.2 , there should be no visible cracks. 8 Front fork
The notch or other front axle positioning device where the front fork is installed on the front axle must be: when the front axle or axle stop is close to the top of the notch, the front wheel should be in the center of the front fork .
9 Wheels
9.1 Rotation Accuracy
This is the circular runout tolerance of the shaft. The circular runout tolerance listed below represents the maximum allowable variation range of the rim position (i.e. the maximum movement of the indicator) after the wheel is fully assembled and rotates once without axial movement. 9.1.1 Radial circular runout tolerance
For bicycles equipped with rim brakes, when a certain point on the rim is measured radially along the rim, the runout shall not exceed 2mm. For bicycles without rim brakes, the runout shall not exceed 4mm. 9.1.2 End face circular runout tolerance
For bicycles equipped with rim brakes, when measuring a certain point on the rim in the axial direction along the rim, the runout amount shall not exceed 2mm. For bicycles without rim brakes, the runout shall not exceed 4mm. 9.2 Clearance
After the bicycle wheel is calibrated, the gap between the tire and any accessory on the front fork or frame should not be less than 2mm. 9.3 Static load test
When the assembled wheel is tested according to the method specified in Chapter 26, any of its parts shall not be broken, and the permanent deformation of the hanging point shall not exceed 1.5 mm.
9.4 Wheel clamping force
The wheels should be fastened to the frame with effective locking devices and should be tightened according to the manufacturer's regulations. 9.4.1 Front wheel clamping force
Apply a force of 500N symmetrically on the front axle along the direction of front wheel removal for 30 seconds. There should be no relative displacement between the front axle and the front fork. 9.4.2 Rear wheel clamping force
Apply a force of 1780N symmetrically on the rear axle along the direction of rear wheel removal for 30 seconds. There should be no relative displacement between the rear axle and the frame. 10 Tires and Inner Tubes
10.1 Inflation Pressure
The maximum inflation pressure value recommended by the factory should be marked on the side of the tire, and the marked value should be easily visible after the tire is assembled. This requirement does not apply to non-molded tires.
10.2 Fit
The outer tire and inner tube should match the rim. Inflate the tire to 110% of the recommended inflation pressure. After 5 minutes, the tire should still be completely wrapped on the rim.
11 Foot and foot/crank drive system
11.1 Foot tread
11.1.1 The foot tread of the footrest should be installed reliably and there should be no looseness relative to the footrest parts . 11.1.2 Feet without toe cuffs or with toe cuffs must have a foot rest on the upper or lower surface of the toe. a.
b． There is a recognized foot surface that can automatically flip under the rider's feet. 11.1.3 When designing the foot, only toe sleeves are considered, fixed toe sleeves must be installed, and there is no need to comply with Article 11.1.2. a and b 88
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11.2 foot clearance
11.2.1 Ground distance
GB 3565-93
The bicycle should be placed straight without any rider, with one foot in the lowest position and on the ground Parallel to the ground, if there is only one footrest, the footrest should be facing upward. The bicycle should be able to tilt 25° to one side without any parts on the foot touching the ground. Bicycles equipped with shock absorber springs should be measured with the shock absorber spring in a compressed state, as if a cyclist weighing 85kg is sitting on it. || tt | Should be 89mm. The gap is measured by measuring the distance from the center line of both feet forward and parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bicycle to the rotation arc of the tire or mudguard, whichever is smaller, see Figure 3. The front fork of a bicycle is designed to be equipped with a front mudguard, and the toe clearance must be measured with the mudguard installed. Wheel carving
Challenge
Minimum gap
Mixed board
Figure 3 Toe clearance
11.3 Static load test of drive system
When tested according to the method specified in Article 27.1, any component of the drive system shall not have cracks visible to the naked eye and shall not lose its driving ability.
11.4 Dynamic test of foot/crank system
When tested according to the method specified in Article 27.2, there should be no cracks visible to the naked eye in the threaded part of the foot or crank. 12 Saddles
12.1 Restricted dimensions
Any part of the saddle, saddle frame and other saddle accessories, starting from the intersection of the saddle surface and the axis of the saddle tube, must not exceed the saddle surface With E125mm
12.2 saddle tube
there should be a permanent mark on the saddle tube to clearly indicate the minimum depth of insertion of the saddle tube into the frame. This mark, measured from the bottom of the saddle tube, should not be less than twice the diameter of the saddle tube, and the mark should not damage the strength of the saddle tube. 12.3 The saddle adjustment clamping device
When tested according to the method specified in Chapter 28, the saddle clamping device shall not rotate in any direction with respect to the saddle tube, and the saddle tube shall not rotate in any direction with respect to the bicycle 89||tt| |Indicates accurate search
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The frame should not rotate.
GB3565—93
The saddle does not need a clamping device, but is fastened with a pin perpendicular to the saddle tube. It is allowed to rotate slightly within the range specified by the design and can withstand Carry out the test according to the method specified in Chapter 28. 13 Chain
The chain used for power transmission should be flexible when running on the sprocket and flywheel. The minimum breaking tension of the chain should be 8010N. 14. Chain cover
The bicycle must be equipped with a protective device to cover the upper meshing part of the chain and sprocket to prevent clothing or a certain part of the body from running into people. The protective chain guard should be installed at least 25mm before the initial meshing point of the chain and sprocket. 15 Lighting and reflectors
15. 1 Lighting
15.1.1 Lighting system
This standard does not make mandatory provisions for the installation of front lights, rear lights or a complete lighting system. If installed, it should comply with the relevant regulations of the Ministry of Public Security of my country.
15.1.2 Wire installation
When installing wires, avoid collision with moving parts or sharp edges to prevent wear and tear. The wires connected to the terminals should be able to withstand a pull-out force of 10N in any direction.
15.2 Reflector
15. 2. 1 General Principles
The installation method of the reflector should meet the following requirements, or comply with the legislative provisions of the Ministry of Public Security of our country. 15.2.2 Rear reflector
Bicycles equipped with rear lights in accordance with Article 15.1 shall also be equipped with a rear wide-angle reflector or general reflector, which shall comply with the requirements of ZBY14001. Bicycles without a rear light should be equipped with a wide-angle reflector. The back reflector should be red. 15.2.3 Side reflectors
The bicycle should be equipped with two side reflectors that can be seen from both sides. The form of the reflector can be one of the following: a. Wide-angle reflectors are mounted on the front and rear halves of the bike. At least one of them should be installed on the wheel spokes. For those bicycles whose rear wheels are equipped with other parts in addition to the frame and mudguard sticks, the movable reflector should be installed on the front wheel. b. On both sides of each wheel, within 10cm from the outer diameter of the tire, continuous annular reflective materials are installed. 15.2.3.1 The wide-angle reflector shall comply with the requirements of ZBY14001. Reflective materials shall comply with optical requirements 15.2.3 of ZBY14001.2 All side reflectors should be of the same color. Or white (transparent), or yellow. 15.2.4 Front reflector
Bicycles equipped with headlights in accordance with Article 15.1 are not required to install a front reflector. Bicycles without such a headlight should be equipped with a wide-angle reflector and should comply with the requirements of ZBY14001. The front reflector should be white (transparent). 15.2.5 Foot reflectors
The front and rear surfaces of each foot should be equipped with reflectors, and they should comply with the requirements of ZBY14001. The reflector can be integrated with the foot structure, or can be mechanically installed on the foot, but it should be fully recessed into the edge of the foot or within the reflector frame to avoid collision when the edge of the foot comes into contact with other flat surfaces. Reflective mirror. The foot glare reflector should be yellow. 16 Horning device
Bicycles can be equipped with bells or other applicable horn devices. If these devices are installed, they should comply with GB3591 and the Ministry of Public Security 90
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17 Instructions
GB 3565--93
Each bicycle must be accompanied by an instruction manual, and the following content should be included: a
Who prepares what before use? Adjust the height of the saddle and handlebars to suit the rider's body shape, and warning markings on the saddle tube and stem tube should be stated.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Fasteners for tubes, stem tubes, saddles, saddle tubes and wheels should have recommended tightening torques. Lubrication - lubrication parts, lubrication intervals and recommended lubrication oil. Proper chain tension and adjustment methods. Brake adjustment and recommendations for brake pad replacement. Transmission adjustment.
General spare parts: such as outer tires, inner tubes, brake shoe assemblies, etc. Accessories: If other accessories are installed, the operation and maintenance methods (if necessary), as well as related accessories (such as electric beads) should be described in detail. h.
Cycling Safety Instructions 1 - Brakes, tires, handlebars and lighting should be inspected regularly; attention should be paid to increasing the braking distance on rainy days. i.
Whether other matters need to be included is left to the discretion of the manufacturer. 18 mark
Any bicycle that is inspected and complies with this standard can be clearly and permanently marked on each bicycle: this national standard number, that is:
a.
GB3565||tt| |ISO4210
b． Manufacturer's nameplate or code.
Part 3 Requirements for Complete Vehicles
19 Road Test
When tested according to the method specified in Chapter 29, there should be no damage to the entire component or parts, including saddles and handlebars. , the variable speed controller or reflector should not be loose or misaligned.
The bike should be smooth while driving and turning. The rider should be able to take off the handlebars with one hand (for example, to signal with his hand) without difficulty and without danger to the rider.
Part 4 Test Methods
20 Brake Test
This test should be carried out on the finished vehicle. Adjust the brake to the correct position. The weight of the person sitting on the saddle is 70kg rider or equivalent weight. A brake holding force of 180N was applied to each brake handle and this force was maintained during the test. Then push the bicycle forward and backward five times each time, with the distance of each push being no less than 75mm. 21 Braking system stress test
21.1 Hand brake
This test should be conducted on the finished vehicle. After confirming that the braking system is adjusted correctly, apply a force perpendicular to the handlebar 25mm from the end of the brake lever in the plane of brake lever action, see Figure 4. This force should be 450N, or less than 450N is fine, as long as it can: a. The handle of the line gate touches the handle, and if there is no handle, it touches the horizontal tube of the handle; 91
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The line brake auxiliary brake handle is level with the top surface of the handlebar cross tube, or touches the handlebar crossbar; c. The lever brake handle is flush with the top surface of the handlebar cover of the handlebar cross tube. This test should be repeated 10 times on each handle. 21.2 Foot brake
This test should be carried out on the finished vehicle. After confirming that the braking system is adjusted correctly, place the foot crank in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 5, and add a force to the center of the left foot shaft. . This force should be applied in the vertical direction and gradually increased to 1500N, and then should be maintained at full load for 15s.
This test should be repeated 10 times. | |tt | |2 Foot brake
This test should be carried out on the finished vehicle. After confirming that the braking system is adjusted correctly, place the foot crank in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 5, and add a force to the center of the left foot shaft. . This force should be applied in the vertical direction and gradually increased to 1500N, and then should be maintained at full load for 15s.
This test should be repeated 10 times. | |tt | |2 Foot brake
This test should be carried out on the finished vehicle. After confirming that the braking system is adjusted correctly, place the foot crank in a horizontal position, as shown in Figure 5, and add a force to the center of the left foot shaft. . This force should be applied in the vertical direction and gradually increased to 1500N, and then should be maintained at full load for 15s.
This test should be repeated 10 times. | |tt | |
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