JB/T 5893.5-1991 Test methods for physical properties of raw materials for electrical porcelain
Some standard content:
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Raw Materials for Electrical Porcelain
Subject Content and Scope of Application
Test Methods for Physical Properties
JB/T5893.5-91
This standard specifies the test methods for physical properties of raw materials for electrical porcelain, such as feldspar, quartz, clay, and high-alumina. This standard is applicable to the determination of physical properties of raw materials for electrical porcelain, such as feldspar, quartz, clay, and high-alumina. It is also applicable to the determination of some physical properties of electrical porcelain bads and glaze materials.
2 Terminology
2.1 Plastic limit: The water content of the clay when it enters the plastic state from the non-plastic state. 2.2 Particle composition: The mass percentage of particles of different sizes in powdery or granular materials. Other terms are the same as JB/T5893.1 and JB/T5893.3.
3 Test classification
True density, particle composition, plasticity index, moisture, bonding strength, sieve residue, magnet aspirate, softening temperature range. 4 True density test method
4.1 Principle of the method
After the material is ground into particles with as few closed pores as possible, the true density is determined by measuring the mass and true volume of the dry sample. The true volume of the ground material is determined using a pycnometer and a liquid of known density. Instruments and materials
Specific gravity bottle
Sensitivity 0.0001g
Standard sieve aperture 80μm
Vacuum extraction device or heating and boiling equipment
Porcelain or corundum mortar
Oven, dryer
Small funnel, ox-horn spoon, gauze and filter paper
4.3 Sample preparation
Powdered materials are divided into quarters to about 30g, and all pass through a sieve with an aperture of 80um. For block materials, take samples of about 100g and grind them to the same mass and required particle size as mentioned above. Before the test, the sample should be dried to a constant weight at 105-110℃. 4.4 Test steps
4.4.1 Take 3 cleaned pycnometers, dry them to constant weight at 105-110℃, weigh them (accurate to 0.0001g), add 4-6g of sample to each pycnometer, plug the bottle and weigh them. Remove the bottle plug, inject distilled water or other liquid to 1/3-1/2 of the bottle volume, and then exhaust. Exhaust by vacuuming or boiling. a. Vacuum method
Place the pycnometer containing the sample and distilled water (without cover) in the glass container of the vacuum device (see Figure 2) for exhaust. Evacuate the vacuum under the condition that the relative vacuum is not less than 97% for 2 hours. 10
Figure 2 Vacuum pumping device
1. Pipe connected to vacuum pump
6. Sample container
b. Boiling method
2. Constant pressure buffer bottle
7, 8, 9. Rubber stopper
3. U-shaped pressure gauge
10. Three-way switch
4. Glass container
11, 12. Two-way switch
5. Bottle for distilled water
Put the pycnometer containing the sample and distilled water in a water bath and boil for 4 hours (the pot should be filled with distilled water). During the boiling process, the water level in the pot should be maintained at a certain level.
4.4.2 Pour boiled or vacuumized distilled water into the pycnometer that has been degassed to the neck of the bottle. Let it stand for more than 20 hours to allow it to settle until the liquid in the neck of the bottle becomes basically clear.
4.4.3 Carefully insert the stopper into the pycnometer. Do not allow bubbles in the bottle or the capillary of the stopper. Use gauze or filter paper to remove the water on the surface of the pycnometer and the stopper so that the water surface in the capillary is flush with the capillary mouth. Weigh quickly. 4.4.4 Pour out the sample and water in the pycnometer, wash and dry it, and inject boiled distilled water into the pycnometer. Weigh according to the provisions of Article 4.4.3 and measure the temperature of the distilled water used.
4.4.5 The true density can also be determined by an automatic powder true density tester with equivalent test accuracy. The determination method shall be carried out according to the specified operating procedures of the instrument. 4.5 The results are calculated in accordance with formula (1):
(m,-m).pr
true density, g/cm2;
wherein:
(m,-m+m)-.ms
mass of pycnometer, g;
mass of pycnometer and test sample, g,
mass of pycnometer and water, g;
mass of pycnometer, test sample and water, g; Pr - density of liquid at test temperature, g/cm2 (for the density of water, see Appendix A Supplement). The calculated result is rounded to 0.01 g/cm2.
4.6 Retest rules
The same sample shall be measured three times in parallel, and the maximum error of the measurement result shall not exceed ±0.01g/cm*. When the parallel measurement results are within the allowable error range 52
JB/T5893.5-91
, take the arithmetic mean of the three data as the test report value. If the measurement result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. 5 Grain composition test method
5.1 Principle
This test adopts the sedimentation method. The principle of sedimentation analysis is based on Stokes' theorem. A spherical object is affected by gravity. When it falls in a viscous liquid, the sedimentation velocity is a constant and is proportional to the square of the radius of the spherical object. From this, it is derived that: 187·H
-the time required for a particle to sink to a height of H (cm), S; where:
liquid viscosity, pa·s (see Appendix A Supplement for the viscosity of water); Pe
true density of the granular material, g/cm\;
Pr—liquid density, g/cm (see Appendix A Supplement for the density of water); 8
-gravitational acceleration, 981cm/s,
D——particle diameter, cm.
5.2 Methods
5.2.1 This standard adopts the pipette method in sedimentation analysis. It can also be analyzed by standardized instruments. The operating method shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the instrument manual, and the particle size regulations shall be the same as those of the pipette method.
5.2.2 Pipette method
The pipette takes samples from the settled suspension, and the changes in the concentration of the suspension at different specified times and certain heights are determined by the samples taken out. From this change, the content of each level of particles in the suspension can be calculated. This method specifies the particle size: >63μm, 63~20μm, 20~10μm, 10~5μm, 5~2μm, 2~1μm, <1μm. 5.3 Apparatus and Materials
Measuring cylinder, 1000ml;
Titration stand, pipette, 20ml ear bulb;
Mushroom-shaped sweeping rod, funnel;
Standard sieve, pore size 150μm, 63μm;
Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g;
Ceramic crucible, 50ml, evaporating dish 150ml;
Thermometer, 0~150℃;
Beaker, 600ml, washing bottle, glass rod;
Sodium pyrophosphate, analytical reagent;
Oven, desiccator;
Electric furnace, 1000W;
Stopwatch.
5.4 Sample preparation
5.4.1 Prepare 100ml of 4% sodium pyrophosphate solution. 5.4.2 Powders are divided into four parts and the sample is reduced to about 40g. All the samples pass through a sieve with an aperture of 150μm (bad electric porcelain or glaze can be directly sampled and the sample is broken into pieces less than 10mm). The sample is dried at 105-110℃ for 2h, taken out and cooled to room temperature in a desiccator. 5.4.3 Weigh 15g of the sample (accurate to 0.0001g), pour it into a beaker, add 250-300ml of distilled water, and then add 11ml of 4% sodium pyrophosphate solution and stir.
5.4.4 Place the beaker containing the sample on an electric furnace and boil for 1h, stirring to fully disperse it, and cool it overnight. 5.5 Test steps
5.5.1. Place a sieve with an aperture of 63μm on the funnel, and then insert the funnel and the sieve into the measuring cylinder. 53
JB/T5893.5-91
5.5.2 Stir the boiled sample thoroughly and pour it into the sieve carefully. Use a washing bottle filled with distilled water to carefully rinse the residual sample in the beaker and on the glass rod, and pour all of it into the sieve. Rinse the sample in the sieve repeatedly until a clear liquid appears, and control the suspension in the measuring cylinder to be exactly at the 1000ml mark. Place the cylinder on a stable work surface for testing. 5.5.3 Transfer all the residue in the sieve into the weighed evaporator III, dry and weigh at 105-110℃ (accurate to 0.0001g). 5.5.4 Insert a mushroom-shaped stirring rod into the measuring cylinder containing the suspension and stir it thoroughly for 3-5 minutes. 5.5.5 According to the specified height and calculated time, use a pipette to draw 20ml of the suspension at an equal speed, transfer it into the weighed porcelain, and then draw distilled water for washing, and the washing liquid is incorporated into the porcelain. 5.5.6 Place the porcelain containing the suspension at 105-110℃ and dry it to constant weight (accurate to 0.0001g). 5.7 Calculation of results
The percentage of particles with a diameter greater than 63μm is calculated according to formula (3): P = m: m × 100.
Where: P-the percentage of particles with a diameter greater than 63um: m
-the mass of the sample, g:
-the mass of the evaporating blood, g;
-the mass of the sieve residue and the evaporating dish, g.
The content of particles with a diameter less than 63μm is calculated according to the following formulas. The percentage of particles with a diameter less than 20um is A. A=QX1000
The percentage of particles with a diameter less than 10um is BB=b×1000
The percentage of particles with a diameter less than 5um is C. cX1000
× 100
For particles with diameters less than 2um and 1um, D and E are calculated by analogy according to the above formula. In the formula: a, b, c—the mass of each level of sample after drying, g; m——the mass of the sample, g:
20-—pipette volume, ml;
1000-—suspension volume, ml.
The composition of sample particles is:
>63μm particle mass percentage P;
63~20um particle mass percentage 100 (P + A): 2010μm particle mass percentage, A-B; 10~5μm particle mass percentage B~-C;
5~2μm particle mass percentage
2~1um particle mass percentage
<1um particle mass percentage E;
The calculated results are rounded to 0.01%.
5.8 Retest rules
When two parallel measurements are made on the same sample, the difference in the measurement results should not be greater than the following allowable values, and the arithmetic mean should be taken as the reported value. If it exceeds the limit, the test should be repeated;
When the measurement result value is less than 5%, the difference should not be greater than 1%; when the measurement result value is not less than 10%, the difference should not be greater than 2%; JB/T5893.5-91
When the measurement result value is not less than 20%, the difference should not be greater than 3%. c.
6 Plasticity index test method
6.1 Principle of the method
6.1.1 Liquid limit: The AM Vasilyev balanced cone method (also known as the Fahrenheit balanced cone method) is used to measure the moisture content of the sample when the Fahrenheit balanced cone is freely sunk into the sample to a depth of 10 mm.
6.1.2 Plastic limit: Determined by the maximum molecular water absorption value method, try to keep the amount of adsorbed water between the mud particles firmly under a certain time and pressure.
6.2 Liquid limit test method
Instruments and materials
Fahrenheit balance cone;
Balance, sensitivity 0.01g;
Oven, dryer;
Evaporating blood;
Standard sieve, aperture 150μm;
Soil knife, porcelain plate;
Copper cup, inner diameter @45mm×25mm.
6.2.2 Test steps
6.2.2.1 Weigh 300g of the sample that has passed the standard sieve with an aperture of 150um, put it into the porcelain plate, add water to mix, and knead it with a wet cloth to make it even, and use the Fahrenheit balance cone for initial test until the cone sinks to a depth of 10mm. Wrap it with plastic cloth or put it in a sealed container and let it age for 24 hours. 6.2.2.2 Knead the sample again and test it with a Wahrenheit balance cone until the cone sinks to a depth of 10mm. If the sample is too hard or too soft, add water to knead it or use a dry cloth to absorb some moisture.
6.2.2.3 Put the sample that has been preliminarily tested into a copper cup and gently vibrate it on the workbench to remove air holes and scrape off the remaining mud so that the sample is flush with the cup mouth.
6.2.2.4 Apply a thin layer of vaseline oil on the surface of the cone tip, hold the balance hammer and gently place it on the surface of the sample, allowing its own mass to sink into the sample. It sinks to a depth of 10mm in 15 seconds, just to the scale line of the balance cone, and has reached the liquid limit. The same cup sample should be tested at no less than 3 points. 6.2.2.5 Take out 10~20g of sample from the cup and put it in the pre-weighed evaporated blood, weigh (accurate to 0.01g), place the evaporation III and the sample in an oven at 105~110℃ for 2h, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature and weigh it. 6.2.3 The percentage of liquid limit moisture (dry basis) is calculated according to formula (7): G, -G,
W,-liquid limit moisture (dry basis), %; G.—-mass of evaporating dish and wet sample, g;
G,—mass of evaporated blood and dry sample, g;
mass of evaporated blood, g. The average result calculated by
is rounded to 0.1%. 6.3 Plastic limit test method
Instruments and materials
50kN or 100kN material testing machine;
Metal ring die, inner diameter 50mm, thickness 2mm;×100%
Balance, sensitivity 0.01g;
Filter paper ≤70~80mm, silk cloth 80mm×.80mm;d.
Watch glass, scraper;
f. Stopwatch;
g. Oven, dryer.
6.3.2 Test steps
JB/T5893.5-91
6.3.2.1Before the test, bake the filter paper at 105~110℃ for use. 6.3.2.2 Stack 20 filter papers on the workbench, cover with a piece of silk cloth, then place the metal template on the silk cloth, take the mud after the liquid limit test, fill the metal mold, scrape the sample flat, remove the metal mold, cover the sample with a piece of silk cloth, and then place 20 filter papers. 6.3.2.3 Place the sample and the filter paper between the flat plate pressing molds of the material testing machine, start the machine to pressurize, when the pressure reaches 13.1kN, keep it for 10 minutes and then release the pressure.
6.3.2.4 Take out the sample and weigh it in the pre-weighed surface blood (accurate to 0.01g), then place it at 105~110℃ and dry it for 2h, take it out and cool it to room temperature in a desiccator and weigh it. 6.3.3 The percentage of plastic limit (thousand basis) is calculated according to formula (8): W,
W,-plastic limit (dry basis),%;
Other symbols are the same as formula (7),
The average result calculated is rounded to 0.1%GG
×100%
6.4 Plasticity index (usually expressed as 100 times the difference between liquid limit and plastic limit) is calculated according to formula (9): K=(W,-W)×100
Wherein: K is plasticity index;
W, — liquid limit, (dry basis) %;
W. — plastic limit, (dry basis) %
6.5 Retest rules
The liquid limit and plastic limit shall be tested on the same specimen twice or more in parallel. If the difference in the measurement results is not greater than 1%, the arithmetic mean shall be taken as the reported value. If it exceeds the limit, the sample shall be re-weighed for testing. Bond strength test method
Instruments and materials
Bending strength tester, minimum scale value 4N; metal mold size 25mm×12.5mm×150mm; vernier caliper minimum scale value 0.05mm;
balance sensitivity 2g;
oven, dryer;
porcelain plate, scraper, mallet, wire bow, glass plate; standard sieve, aperture 150μm.
7.2 Sample preparation
7.2.1 Clay block material Take about 1kg of dry sample evenly and crush it until it all passes through the sieve with an aperture of 150μm. 7.2.2 Quartz sand should be 70% with a particle size of 150~250μm and 30% with a particle size of 90~150μm. The two types of sand should be mixed according to the above proportions and fully mixed for use.
7.2.3 According to the ratio of soil: sand = 1:1, weigh 600g of clay and sand (accurate to 2g), pour them on the plastic sheet, mix the soil and sand thoroughly and evenly, and pour them into the porcelain plate.
You can also mix soil: sand = 20:80, 40:60, 60:40, 80:20, 100:0 as needed. 7.2.4 Add water to make plastic clay, wrap it with plastic cloth, and let it age for 48 hours. 7.2.5 Before forming, the clay should be fully kneaded to remove pores, and cut the cross section to check until the cross section is uniform and there are no obvious pores. 56
JB/T5893.5-91
7.2.6 Cut the kneaded mud into strips, put them into a metal mold, press them into shape under a pressure of 20kN, use a scraper to remove the remaining mud on the surface, remove the test strips from the metal mold, gently place them on a glass plate with paper, and dry them in the shade until they turn white. During the shade drying process, the test strips should be turned over frequently to prevent deformation. 7.2.7 After the test strips have been dried in the shade, move them into an oven and bake them at 105-110℃ until the weight is constant. Take them out and put them into a desiccator to cool to room temperature. 7.3 Test steps
7.3.1 Operate according to the instructions in the bending strength tester. 7.3.2 Use a vernier caliper to measure the height and width of the fracture section of the specimen. 7.4 The result calculation shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of formula (10)
Wherein: Ra—specimen bending strength, N/mm or MPaP specimen breaking load, N;
L-distance between the two supporting points of the specimen 100mm;
6specimen section width, mm;
h—specimen section height, mm.
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the final average value shall not be less than 7 values. The calculated average result shall be rounded to 0.IN/mm
7.5 Re-test rules
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the relative error of the average result shall not exceed ±10%. If the test value is less than 7 after elimination, the test shall be repeated.
Sieve residue test method
8.1 Apparatus and materials
Standard sieve, aperture selected according to sample requirements; Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g:
Oven, desiccator;
Evaporation, bottle washing, water basin.
8.2 Test steps
8.2.1 Dry the sample at 105-110℃ for 2h, cool to room temperature, weigh 30g (accurate to 0.01g) and gently pour it into the sieve selected according to the sample fineness requirements, slowly immerse the sieve in a basin filled with clean water, and after the sample is completely moistened, slowly shake the sieve and repeatedly change the water for rinsing until the clean water in the basin is no longer turbid. 8.2.2 Transfer all the sieve residue in the sieve into the pre-weighed evaporated blood. 8.2.3 Dry the evaporation blood containing the sieve residue at 105-110℃ to a constant weight, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, and weigh the mass of the evaporation and sieve residue (accurate to 0.0001g). 8.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Where: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G,--mass of evaporation and sieve residue, g; Gz--mass of evaporation, g;
G--mass of sample, g;
Calculated average result is rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. When the difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result is not greater than the following allowable values, take the 57
arithmetic mean as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet absorbent
9.1 Instruments and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Circular or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
cSurface blood;
d.Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film. The wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample and move for 10 minutes. Then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and put it on white paper. Unwrap the plastic film and take out the magnet so that all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3 minutes and there is no more magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and transfer them into the weighed surface blood for weighing (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of the magnet aspirates is calculated according to formula (12): G = G × 100
F - magnet aspirates content, %;
Wu:
G, - the mass of the surface blood and magnet aspirates, g; G. - the mass of the surface blood, g;
G The mass of the sample, g.
9.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirates content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. The difference between the re-test result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
The moisture content of the sample is calculated based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Apparatus and Materials
Balance, 0.01g;
b. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test Procedures
10.3.1 Samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into an evaporating dish of known mass, put it into an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 1 each of 150um and 800μm aperture; refractory base with 2-3mm deep holes; balance sensitivity 0.1g;
Binder, such as dextrin solution;
11.2 Sample preparation
11.2.1 Cone making
11.2.1.1 Powders are divided into 20g by quartering method, and all of them pass through the sieve with an aperture of 150μm. For block materials, 100g is uniformly sampled and divided as they are ground to the same quality and particle size requirements as mentioned above. 11.2.1.2 Take 10g of the prepared material, add dextrin solution to the semi-dry pressing forming water, mix evenly, granulate and pass through a sieve with an aperture of 800um for use.
11.2.1.3 Weigh 1g of the granulated material (sensitivity 0.1g), and use a metal mold to pound and form 3 to 5 triangular cones. 11.2.2 Insert two triangular cones of the same sample into the reserved holes. The edges facing the triangular cone forming surface must be inclined 80° to the base plane. The insertion depth is 23mm and fixed with fire clay. 11.3 Test steps
11.3.1 Place the installed triangular cone sample in the center of the electric furnace and heat it up. 11.3.2 The heating rate is 150-200℃/h from room temperature to 1200℃, and the temperature is increased every 10℃ from 1200℃ to the end of the test, with an average of 2.5℃/min.
11.3.3 When the temperature rises to 1100℃, the deformation and bending of the triangular cone should be paid attention to at any time. The temperature interval from the beginning of deformation of the triangular cone to the time when the top of the triangular cone falls to the base plane is the softening temperature range of the sample. 11.4 Calculation of results
The temperature at which the triangular cone begins to deform and the temperature at which the top falls to the base plane should be the average of the two samples. The softening temperature range of the two test cones of the same sample shall not exceed 10℃. 59
Additional instructions:
JB/T5893.59I
Appendix A
Density and viscosity of water at different temperatures
(Supplement)
X10-\Pa·s
X10-'Pa·s
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulators and is under the jurisdiction of the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhou Ruxin.4 The result calculation shall be carried out according to the provisions of formula (10)
Wherein: Ra—specimen bending strength, N/mm or MPaP—specimen breaking load, N;
L—specimen two-point distance 100mm;
6specimen section width, mm;
h—specimen section height, mm.
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the final average value shall not be less than 7 values. The calculated average result shall be rounded to 0.IN/mm
7.5 Retest rules
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the relative error of the average result shall not exceed ±10%. If the test value is less than 7 after elimination, the test shall be repeated.
Sieve residue test method
8.1 Apparatus and materials
Standard sieve, aperture selected according to sample requirements; Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g:
Oven, desiccator;
Evaporation, bottle washing, water basin.
8.2 Test steps
8.2.1 Dry the sample at 105-110℃ for 2h, cool to room temperature, weigh 30g (accurate to 0.01g) and gently pour it into the sieve selected according to the sample fineness requirements, slowly immerse the sieve in a basin filled with clean water, and after the sample is completely moistened, slowly shake the sieve, and repeatedly change the water for rinsing until the clean water in the basin is no longer turbid. 8.2.2 Transfer all the sieve residue in the sieve into the pre-weighed evaporated blood. 8.2.3 Dry the evaporation blood containing the sieve residue at a temperature of 105-110℃ to a constant weight, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, and weigh the mass of the evaporation and sieve residue (accurate to 0.0001g). 8.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Where: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G,--mass of evaporation and sieve residue, g; Gz--mass of evaporation, g;
G--mass of sample, g;
Calculated average result is rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. When the difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result is not greater than the following allowable values, take the arithmetic mean of 57 as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet absorbent
9.1 Instruments and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Circular or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
cSurface blood;
d.Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film. The wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample and move for 10min. Then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and put it on white paper. Unwrap the plastic film and take out the magnet so that all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3min and there is no more magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and transfer them into the weighed surface blood for weighing (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of the magnet aspirates is calculated according to formula (12): G = G × 100
F - magnet aspirates content, %;
Wu: wwW.bzxz.Net
G, - the mass of the surface blood and magnet aspirates, g; G. - the mass of the surface blood, g;
G The mass of the sample, g.
9.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirates content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. The difference between the re-test result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
The moisture content of the sample is calculated based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Apparatus and Materials
Balance, 0.01g;
b. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test Procedures
10.3.1 Samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into an evaporating dish of known mass, put it into an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 1 each of 150um and 800μm aperture; refractory base with 2-3mm deep holes; balance sensitivity 0.1g;
Binder, such as dextrin solution;
11.2 Sample preparation
11.2.1 Cone making
11.2.1.1 Powders are divided into 20g by quartering method, and all of them pass through the sieve with an aperture of 150μm. For block materials, 100g is uniformly sampled and divided as they are ground to the same quality and particle size requirements as mentioned above. 11.2.1.2 Take 10g of the prepared material, add dextrin solution to the semi-dry pressing forming water, mix evenly, granulate and pass through a sieve with an aperture of 800um for use.
11.2.1.3 Weigh 1g of the granulated material (sensitivity 0.1g), and use a metal mold to pound and form 3 to 5 triangular cones. 11.2.2 Insert two triangular cones of the same sample into the reserved holes. The edges facing the triangular cone forming surface must be inclined 80° to the base plane. The insertion depth is 23mm and fixed with fire clay. 11.3 Test steps
11.3.1 Place the installed triangular cone sample in the center of the electric furnace and heat it up. 11.3.2 The heating rate is 150-200℃/h from room temperature to 1200℃, and the temperature is increased every 10℃ from 1200℃ to the end of the test, with an average of 2.5℃/min.
11.3.3 When the temperature rises to 1100℃, the deformation and bending of the triangular cone should be paid attention to at any time. The temperature interval from the beginning of deformation of the triangular cone to the time when the top of the triangular cone falls to the base plane is the softening temperature range of the sample. 11.4 Calculation of results
The temperature at which the triangular cone begins to deform and the temperature at which the top falls to the base plane should be the average of the two samples. The softening temperature range of the two test cones of the same sample shall not exceed 10℃. 59
Additional instructions:
JB/T5893.59I
Appendix A
Density and viscosity of water at different temperatures
(Supplement)
X10-\Pa·s
X10-'Pa·s
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulators and is under the jurisdiction of the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhou Ruxin.4 The result calculation shall be carried out according to the provisions of formula (10)
Wherein: Ra—specimen bending strength, N/mm or MPaP—specimen breaking load, N;
L—specimen two-point distance 100mm;
6specimen section width, mm;
h—specimen section height, mm.
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the final average value shall not be less than 7 values. The calculated average result shall be rounded to 0.IN/mm
7.5 Re-test rules
The same specimen shall be measured 10 times in parallel, and the relative error of the average result shall not exceed ±10%. If the test value is less than 7 after elimination, the test shall be repeated.
Sieve residue test method
8.1 Apparatus and materials
Standard sieve, aperture selected according to sample requirements; Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g:
Oven, desiccator;
Evaporation, bottle washing, water basin.
8.2 Test steps
8.2.1 Dry the sample at 105-110℃ for 2h, cool to room temperature, weigh 30g (accurate to 0.01g) and gently pour it into the sieve selected according to the sample fineness requirements, slowly immerse the sieve in a basin filled with clean water, and after the sample is completely moistened, slowly shake the sieve and repeatedly change the water for rinsing until the clean water in the basin is no longer turbid. 8.2.2 Transfer all the sieve residue in the sieve into the pre-weighed evaporated blood. 8.2.3 Dry the evaporation blood containing the sieve residue at 105-110℃ to a constant weight, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, and weigh the mass of the evaporation and sieve residue (accurate to 0.0001g). 8.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Where: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G,--mass of evaporation and sieve residue, g; Gz--mass of evaporation, g;
G--mass of sample, g;
Calculated average result is rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. When the difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result is not greater than the following allowable values, take the 57
arithmetic mean as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet absorbent
9.1 Instruments and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Circular or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
cSurface blood;
d.Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film. The wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample and move for 10 minutes. Then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and put it on white paper. Unwrap the plastic film and take out the magnet so that all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3 minutes and there is no more magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and transfer them into the weighed surface blood for weighing (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of the magnet aspirates is calculated according to formula (12): G = G × 100
F - magnet aspirates content, %;
Where:
G, - the mass of surface blood and magnet aspirates, g; G. - the mass of surface blood, g;
G The mass of the sample, g.
9.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirates content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. The difference between the re-test result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
Calculate the sample moisture based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Apparatus and Materials
Balance, 0.01g;
b. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test Procedures
10.3.1 Samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into an evaporating dish of known mass, put it into an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 1 each of 150um and 800μm aperture; refractory base with 2-3mm deep holes; balance sensitivity 0.1g;
Binder, such as dextrin solution;
11.2 Sample preparation
11.2.1 Cone making
11.2.1.1 Powders are divided into 20g by quartering method, and all of them pass through the sieve with an aperture of 150μm. For block materials, 100g is uniformly sampled and divided as they are ground to the same quality and particle size requirements as mentioned above. 11.2.1.2 Take 10g of the prepared material, add dextrin solution to the semi-dry pressing forming water, mix evenly, granulate and pass through a sieve with an aperture of 800um for use.
11.2.1.3 Weigh 1g of the granulated material (sensitivity 0.1g), and use a metal mold to pound and form 3 to 5 triangular cones. 11.2.2 Insert two triangular cones of the same sample into the reserved holes. The edges facing the triangular cone forming surface must be inclined 80° to the base plane. The insertion depth is 23mm and fixed with fire clay. 11.3 Test steps
11.3.1 Place the installed triangular cone sample in the center of the electric furnace and heat it up. 11.3.2 The heating rate is 150-200℃/h from room temperature to 1200℃, and the temperature is increased every 10℃ from 1200℃ to the end of the test, with an average of 2.5℃/min.
11.3.3 When the temperature rises to 1100℃, the deformation and bending of the triangular cone should be paid attention to at any time. The temperature interval from the beginning of deformation of the triangular cone to the time when the top of the triangular cone falls to the base plane is the softening temperature range of the sample. 11.4 Calculation of results
The temperature at which the triangular cone begins to deform and the temperature at which the top falls to the base plane should be the average of the two samples. The softening temperature range of the two test cones of the same sample shall not exceed 10℃. 59
Additional instructions:
JB/T5893.59I
Appendix A
Density and viscosity of water at different temperatures
(Supplement)
X10-\Pa·s
X10-'Pa·s
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulators and is under the jurisdiction of the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhou Ruxin.1 Instruments and materials
Standard sieve, aperture selected according to sample requirements; Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g:
Oven, desiccator;
Evaporation, bottle washing, water basin.
8.2 Test steps
8.2.1 Dry the sample at 105-110℃ for 2h, cool to room temperature, weigh 30g (accurate to 0.01g) and gently pour it into the sieve selected according to the sample fineness requirements, slowly immerse the sieve in a basin filled with clean water, and after the sample is completely moistened, slowly shake the sieve and repeatedly change the water for rinsing until the clean water in the basin is no longer turbid. 8.2.2 Transfer all the residues in the sieve into the pre-weighed evaporated blood. 8.2.3 Dry the evaporation blood containing the sieve residue at 105-110℃ to a constant weight, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, and weigh the mass of the evaporation and sieve residue (accurate to 0.0001g). 8.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Where: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G,--mass of evaporation and sieve residue, g; Gz--mass of evaporation, g;
G--mass of sample, g;
Calculated average result is rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. When the difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result is not greater than the following allowable values, take the 57
arithmetic mean as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet absorbent
9.1 Instruments and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Circular or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
cSurface blood;
d.Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film, the wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample, and move for 10 minutes, then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and put it on white paper, untie the plastic film, take out the magnet, and let all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3 minutes and there is no magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and move them into the weighed surface blood for weighing (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of the magnet aspirates is calculated according to formula (12): G = G × 100
F - magnet aspirates content, %;
Where:
G, - the mass of surface blood and magnet aspirates, g; G. - the mass of surface blood, g;
G The mass of the sample, g.
9.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirates content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. The difference between the re-test result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
Calculate the sample moisture based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Apparatus and Materials
Balance, 0.01g;
b. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test Procedures
10.3.1 Samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into an evaporating dish of known mass, put it into an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 150um and 800μm aperture, 1 each; refractory base, with 2-3mm deep holes; balance sensitivity 0.1g;
Binder, such as dextrin solution;
11.2 Sample preparation
11.2.1 Cone making
11.2.1.1 Powders are divided into 20g samples by quartering method, and all of them pass through a 150μm aperture sieve. For block materials, 100g samples are uniformly sampled and divided as they are ground to the same quality and particle size requirements as mentioned above. 11.2.1.2 Take 10g of the prepared material, add dextrin solution to the semi-dry pressing forming water, mix evenly, granulate and pass through a sieve with an aperture of 800um for use.
11.2.1.3 Weigh 1g of the granulated material (sensitivity 0.1g), and use a metal mold to pound and form 3 to 5 triangular cones. 11.2.2 Insert two triangular cones of the same sample into the reserved holes. The edges facing the triangular cone forming surface must be inclined 80° to the base plane. The insertion depth is 23mm and fixed with fire clay. 11.3 Test steps
11.3.1 Place the installed triangular cone sample in the center of the electric furnace and heat it up. 11.3.2 The heating rate is 150-200℃/h from room temperature to 1200℃, and the temperature is increased every 10℃ from 1200℃ to the end of the test, with an average of 2.5℃/min.
11.3.3 When the temperature rises to 1100℃, the deformation and bending of the triangular cone should be paid attention to at any time. The temperature interval from the beginning of deformation of the triangular cone to the time when the top of the triangular cone falls to the base plane is the softening temperature range of the sample. 11.4 Calculation of results
The temperature at which the triangular cone begins to deform and the temperature at which the top falls to the base plane should be the average of the two samples. The softening temperature range of the two test cones of the same sample shall not exceed 10℃. 59
Additional instructions:
JB/T5893.59I
Appendix A
Density and viscosity of water at different temperatures
(Supplement)
X10-\Pa·s
X10-'Pa·s
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulators and is under the jurisdiction of the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhou Ruxin.1 Instruments and materials
Standard sieve, aperture selected according to sample requirements; Balance, sensitivity 0.01g, 0.0001g:
Oven, desiccator;
Evaporation, bottle washing, water basin.
8.2 Test steps
8.2.1 Dry the sample at 105-110℃ for 2h, cool to room temperature, weigh 30g (accurate to 0.01g) and gently pour it into the sieve selected according to the sample fineness requirements, slowly immerse the sieve in a basin filled with clean water, and after the sample is completely moistened, slowly shake the sieve and repeatedly change the water for rinsing until the clean water in the basin is no longer turbid. 8.2.2 Transfer all the residues in the sieve into the pre-weighed evaporated blood. 8.2.3 Dry the evaporation blood containing the sieve residue at a temperature of 105-110℃ to a constant weight, take it out and place it in a desiccator to cool to room temperature, and weigh the mass of the evaporation and sieve residue (accurate to 0.0001g). 8.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Where: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G,--mass of evaporation and sieve residue, g; Gz--mass of evaporation, g;
G--mass of sample, g;
Calculated average result is rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. When the difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result is not greater than the following allowable values, take the arithmetic mean of 57 as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two determination results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet absorbent
9.1 Instruments and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Circular or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
cSurface blood;
d.Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film. The wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample and move for 10min. Then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and put it on white paper. Unwrap the plastic film and take out the magnet so that all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3min and there is no more magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and transfer them into the weighed surface blood for weighing (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of the magnet aspirates is calculated according to formula (12): G = G × 100
F - magnet aspirates content, %;
Wu:
G, - the mass of the surface blood and magnet aspirates, g; G. - the mass of the surface blood, g;
G The mass of the sample, g.
9.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirates content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. The difference between the re-test result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
The moisture content of the sample is calculated based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Apparatus and Materials
Balance, 0.01g;
b. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test Procedures
10.3.1 Samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) into an evaporating dish of known mass, put it into an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 1 each of 150um and 800μm aperture; refractory base with 2-3mm deep holes; balance sensitivity 0.1g;
Binder, such as dextrin solution;
11.2 Sample preparation
11.2.1 Cone making
11.2.1.1 Powders are divided into 20g by quartering method, and all of them pass through the sieve with an aperture of 150μm. For block materials, 100g is uniformly sampled and divided as they are ground to the same quality and particle size requirements as mentioned above. 11.2.1.2 Take 10g of the prepared material, add dextrin solution to the semi-dry pressing forming water, mix evenly, granulate and pass through a sieve with an aperture of 800um for use.
11.2.1.3 Weigh 1g of the granulated material (sensitivity 0.1g), and use a metal mold to pound and form 3 to 5 triangular cones. 11.2.2 Insert two triangular cones of the same sample into the reserved holes. The edges facing the triangular cone forming surface must be inclined 80° to the base plane. The insertion depth is 23mm and fixed with fire clay. 11.3 Test steps
11.3.1 Place the installed triangular cone sample in the center of the electric furnace and heat it up. 11.3.2 The heating rate is 150-200℃/h from room temperature to 1200℃, and the temperature is increased every 10℃ from 1200℃ to the end of the test, with an average of 2.5℃/min.
11.3.3 When the temperature rises to 1100℃, the deformation and bending of the triangular cone should be paid attention to at any time. The temperature interval from the beginning of deformation of the triangular cone to the time when the top of the triangular cone falls to the base plane is the softening temperature range of the sample. 11.4 Calculation of results
The temperature at which the triangular cone begins to deform and the temperature at which the top falls to the base plane should be the average of the two samples. The softening temperature range of the two test cones of the same sample shall not exceed 10℃. 59
Additional instructions:
JB/T5893.59I
Appendix A
Density and viscosity of water at different temperatures
(Supplement)
X10-\Pa·s
X10-'Pa·s
This standard was proposed by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Insulators and is under the jurisdiction of the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute of the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry. This standard was drafted by the Xi'an Electric Ceramics Research Institute. The main drafter of this standard is Zhou Ruxin.3 The percentage of the sieve residue is calculated according to formula (11). s
Wherein: S--sieve residue, %:
×100%
G, the mass of the evaporator and the sieve residue, g; Gz-the mass of the evaporator, g;
G-the mass of the sample, g;
The average result is calculated and rounded to 0.01%. 8.4 Re-test rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, if the difference between the two sieve residue measurement results is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean as the reported value. If it exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for re-testing. When the difference between the re-test result and any result of the parallel measurement is not greater than the following allowable value, take the arithmetic mean of 57
as the reported value.
JB/T5893.5—91
When the sieve residue is less than 1%, the difference between the two test results is less than 0.15%; a.
When the sieve residue is less than 2%, the difference between the two test results is less than 0.2%; b.
When the sieve residue is less than 4%, the difference between the two test results is less than 0.5%. c
9 Test method for content of magnet aspirates
9.1 Apparatus and materials
Balance sensitivity 2g, 0.0001g;
Round or horseshoe magnet, weighing about 1kg;
c Surface blood;
d. Plastic film, white paper.
9.2 Test steps
9.2.1 Weigh 1000g (accurate to 2g) of the sample dried at 105110℃ and spread it flat on a plastic film about 1cm thick. 9.2.2 Wrap the magnet with plastic film. The wrapped magnet should be in full contact with the sample and move for 10 minutes. Then clean the wrapped magnet in alcohol and take it out and place it on white paper. Unwrap the plastic film and take out the magnet so that all the magnetic objects fall on the white paper. 9.2.3 Repeat the operation in 9.2.2 until the magnet moves in the sample for 3 minutes and there is no more magnet aspirated object. 9.2.4 Collect all the magnet aspirated objects on the white paper and transfer them into the weighed surface blood and weigh them (accurate to 0.0001g). 9.3 The percentage of magnet aspirated objects is calculated according to formula (12): G=G×100
F-magnet aspirated object content, %;
Wu:
G,——mass of surface blood and magnet aspirated objects, g; G.—-mass of surface blood, g;
G mass of sample, g.
9.4 Retest rules
When the same sample is tested in parallel, when the difference between the two magnet aspirate content determination results is not greater than 0.003%, the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the determination result exceeds the allowable error, another sample should be weighed for retest. The difference between the retest result and any parallel determination result should not be greater than 0.003% and the arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. 10 Moisture determination test method
10.1 Method
Calculate the sample moisture content based on the amount lost by the sample at 105~110℃. 10.2 Instruments and materials
b. Balance, 0.01g;
c. Oven, desiccator;
c. Evaporating dish.
10.3 Test steps
10.3.1 The samples sent to the laboratory for moisture measurement should be quickly wrapped with plastic film or placed in ground-mouth bottles. 10.3.2 Powder samples should be divided into 30g by quartering. Block samples should be shielded to less than 10mm first, and then divided into about 30g by quartering. 10.3.3 Weigh 10g of the sample (accurate to 0.01g) in an evaporating dish of known mass, put it in an oven at 105-110℃ and dry it to a constant weight (the difference between the two masses is not more than 0.02g), then cool it in a desiccator and weigh it. 10.4 The percentage of water content is calculated according to formula (13): W
×100%
Wherein: W-water content, %;
JB/T5893.5-91
G2-mass of sample and evaporating dish, g;
G,-mass of sample and evaporated blood, g
GMass of evaporated blood, g;
The calculated average result is rounded to 0.1%. 10.5 Retest rules
The same sample is measured in parallel, and the difference in the results shall not exceed 0.5%. The arithmetic mean is taken as the reported value. If the error is exceeded, another sample should be weighed for retest.
11 Softening temperature range test method
Instruments and materials
High temperature electric furnace;
Dimensions of triangular pyramid metal mold: bottom base 8mm, top base 2mm, height 30mm; standard sieve, 150um and 800μm aperture, 1 each; refractory base, with 2-3mm dee
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