Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Colour standard for paint film
Colour standard for paint filmGB/T 3181-—1995
Approved and issued by the State Bureau of Technical Supervision
Implementation on August 1, 1996
Approved on December 21, 1995
Subject content and scope of application
This standard specifies the colour standard for paint film and its application method. This standard applies to the production and use of paints and related products, and plays a guiding role in the preparation and selection of colors. It should be used in conjunction with (GSBG51001-94 paint film color standard sample card. 2 Reference standards
GB/T 1727
GB/T 3979
Paint film-general preparation method
Method for measuring object color
GB/T5698 Color terms
GB/T 6749
Method for expressing paint film color
GB/T 9271
GB/T 9761
Standard test panels for paints and varnishes
Visual color comparison of paints
GB/T13452.2 Determination of film thickness of paints and varnishes GB/T15608 China color system
GSBG51001 Standard sample card for paint film color
The terms and definitions adopted in this standard are selected from GB/T5698 and GB/T15608. 3.1 Surface color surface colour
The color of the surface of an opaque object. The color of the paint film is the surface color of the painted object. 3.2 Achromatic color (neutral color) achromatic color (neutral color) The surface color of an object without spectral selectivity, that is, white, black and a series of neutral grays from white to black. 3.3 (chromatic) Colours other than achromatic colours.
3.4 White white
Neutral colours with a lightness greater than 8.5.
3.5 Black black
Neutral colours with a lightness less than 2.5.
3.6 (Neutral) grey Neutral colours with a lightness between 2.5 and 8.5. 3.7 Absolute white absolute white
Ideal white with a lightness of 10.
3.8 Absolute black absolute black
Ideal black with a lightness of 0.
3.9 Complementary colours Two colours that are mixed in appropriate proportions to produce a neutral colour. For example, red and green, blue and yellow, etc. 3.10 Colour card colour chip
A standard sample card indicating a certain color.
3.11 Hue
One of the three attributes of color, used to indicate the characteristics of red, yellow, green, blue, purple, etc. 3.12 Value, lightness
One of the three attributes of color, indicating the visual characteristic value of the brightness of the color on the surface of an object, and is graded based on absolute white and absolute black.
3.13 Chroma
One of the three attributes of color, indicating the visual characteristic value of the color depth (saturation) of the surface of an object, and is graded based on the distance from the colorless point of equal brightness.
3.14 Tristimulus values In the trichromatic system, the amount of three primary stimuli required to achieve color matching with the light to be measured. 3.15 Chromaticity coordinates The ratio of each of the three stimulus values to their sum. In the XYZ color system, the chromaticity coordinates, y, z, can be calculated from the three stimulus values X, Y, Z. Y
x=x++ziy\x+Y+zi&\x+++2=1-#-y. 3.16 CIE standard illuminants CIE standard illuminates A specific relative spectral power distribution incident on an object specified by CIE (International Commission on Illumination), including: a. Standard illuminant A: A perfect radiator with an absolute temperature of 2856K specified according to the International Practical Temperature Scale. b. Standard illuminant C: Average superimposed light with a correlated color temperature of about 6774K. c. Standard illuminant D65: Average daylight with a correlated color temperature of about 6504K. Standard illuminant Dss: Daylight with a correlated color temperature of about 5503K. Standard illuminant D75: Daylight with a correlated color temperature of about 7504K. 3.17 CIE standard sources CIE standard sources are artificial light sources specified by CIE to achieve standard illuminants A, C, Ds5, etc. 3.18 colour temperature (Tc) colour temperature the temperature of a perfect radiator (black body) when the chromaticity of a certain light source is the same as the chromaticity of a perfect radiator (black body) at a certain temperature. 3.19 colourimeter
instrument used to measure the tristimulus values or chromaticity coordinates of colour. 3.20 visual field
the range of the solid angle formed by the object under observation and the eye (head and eyes are not moving). 3.21 illurninating-viewing condition the geometric relationship between the illuminant, the object and the observer. For example, 0/45 (vertical illumination/observation in 45° direction), d/8 (diffuse illumination/observation in 8° direction), 0/d (vertical illumination/diffuse observation), etc. 3.22 CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system a colorimetric system represented by the spectral tristimulus values specified by CIE in 1931 as (a), (b), (c) (d) CIE 1931 standard colorimetric system is also called 2° field XYZ colorimetric system. 3.23 CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system A colorimetric system represented by the spectral tristimulus values of 10 (>), 10 (a), and 10 (λ) specified by CIE in 1964. CIE 1964 supplementary standard colorimetric system is also called 10° field X10Y10Z10 colorimetric system. 11
3.24 Color matching color matching makes a color visually equal or identical to another given color. 3.25 Color difference (△E) color difference The difference in color perception expressed quantitatively.
3.26 North sky light North sky light from 3 hours after sunrise to 3 hours before sunset. North sky daylight is the natural daylight used to match surface colors. 4.1 This color standard includes the colors of the main paint products currently produced and used. It consists of 83 colors. The actual paint film color standard sample card (color card) can be found in GSBG51001.2 The full name of the color standard is represented by a number plus a name. The number consists of one or two capital English letters and two Arabic numerals. English letters are used to represent hues (see Table 1), and Arabic numerals are used to distinguish different colors of the same hue. The names of color standards use customary names. For example, bright red, dark yellow, medium green, light gray, etc. The number, name and color number corresponding to GB/T15608 (determined according to GB/T6749-86) and GSBG51001 of each color standard. Table 1
Letter symbol
Color arrangement sequence number See Table 2.
Color name
Dark (iron) blue
Dark (acid) blue
Medium (iron) blue
Medium (phthalein) blue
Light (acid) blue
Light (iron) blue
Sky (crisp) blue
Sky (iron) blue
Shark blue
Light sky (phthalein) blue
Sapphire blue
Light sea (iron) blue
Medium sea (iron) blue
Hue properties of letter symbols
Number and name of paint film color standard and color number corresponding to GB/T15608 and GSB G51 001 Color arrangement sequence number corresponding to GB/T15608 color number
HV/C (hue value/chroma)
Corresponding to GSB G51 001
color sequence number
color name
deep sea (iron) blue
medium green
light lake green
apple green
olive green
eggshell green
light apple green
deep bean green
aircraft gray
olive gray
military vehicle green
cardamom green
fruit (acid) green
machine tool gray
light yellow gray
dark brown
light pink
rose red
light rose red
corresponding to the color number of GB/T15608
HV/C (hue brightness/chroma)
corresponding to GSB GSI 001
Color arrangement sequence number
4.3 The tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinate values of the color standard are shown in Appendix A. 4.4 If otherwise required, the manufacturer or user department may add colors other than those specified in this color standard, but the color numbering method of this standard shall not be used for numbering. bzxZ.net
5 Color difference
5.1 The allowable color difference range of each color in this color standard is formulated and provided by the manufacturer. If the user department has other requirements, it can be negotiated by the supply and demand parties.
5.2 After the color difference range is determined, it shall not be changed at will. If adjustment is really necessary, it shall be negotiated by the supply and demand parties. 6 Usage
6.1 Test sample
6.1.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test plate shall be a tinplate, hard aluminum plate, steel plate or glass plate that meets the requirements of GB/T9271. The board surface should be flat, the size should not be less than 120mm×50mm, and the test board should be processed according to GB/T9271.
6.1.2 Prepare the paint film on the treated test board according to GB/T1727. The painting method and drying conditions should be in accordance with the standards of the product to be tested.
Note: The paint film should cover the substrate. The color of the paint film that cannot completely cover the substrate depends on the color of the substrate and the thickness of the paint film. The thickness of the paint film should be measured according to GB/T13452.2.
6.2 Colorimetry
6.2.1 Colorimetry
The colorimetry method shall be in accordance with GB/T9761. Generally, the conventional method is adopted to visually compare the test sample with the color standard (or color difference plate) under natural daylight or artificial light source. A colorimeter can also be used to directly measure the color difference (△E) under the agreed light source (D6s light source or C light source, etc.), lighting observation conditions (45/0, 0/45, d/8(0) or 8(0)/d) and field of view (10° or 2°).
6.2.2 Light source
6.2.2.1 Natural overlapping light
Use daylight from the north sky, and there should be no reflected light from colored objects (such as red walls, green trees, etc.) around the color comparison area. The lighting should be uniform at the color comparison position, and its illumination should not be less than 2000lx. Note: Direct sunlight shall not be used for color comparison. Generally, it is more suitable to use a position about 1m from a north-facing window in a room. 6.2.2.2 Artificial light source
Use an artificial light source with a spectral energy distribution similar to that of the CIE standard illuminant D6s to illuminate the color comparison box. The illumination at the color comparison position should be between 1000 and 40001x. The base specifications of the color comparison box should comply with the provisions of GB/T9761. For the color comparison of dark paint, the illumination should be larger and the upper limit should be used as much as possible. 6.2.3 Observer
6.2.3.1 The observer must be a person without color vision defects. If the observer wears glasses to correct vision, the lenses must have uniform spectral transmittance throughout the visible spectrum. 6.2.3.2 To avoid eye fatigue and affect the correct color comparison, after comparing the color of the strong color sample, do not immediately compare the color of the light color sample and the complementary color sample. When comparing the color of bright high-chroma colors, if the judgment cannot be made quickly, the observer should look at the neutral gray nearby for a few minutes before comparing the color. :14
6.2.3.3 If the observer performs continuous color comparison, he should take a break for a few minutes at intervals to ensure the quality of visual color comparison. Do not look at colored objects during the break.
6.2.4 Color comparison procedure
6.2.4.1 Place the test sample and the corresponding color standard (or color difference plate) side by side, and make the corresponding edges touch or overlap each other ~ a certain area. When comparing colors, the distance from the eyes to the sample is about 500mm. To improve the accuracy of color comparison, the positions of the test sample and the color standard (or color difference plate) should be exchanged from time to time. For the color comparison of two paint films with very different gloss, in order to limit the influence of gloss difference on color observation, the following measures can be taken:
a. When observing under natural daylight, since the color comparison position is near the north-facing window in the room, the daylight shines on the paint film at an angle of about 45°, so the human eye can observe the paint film in a direction nearly perpendicular to the paint film (approximately 0° angle). b. When observing in a colorimetric box, since the lighting source shines on the paint film at an angle of 0°, the human eye can observe the paint film at an angle of about 45°.
6.2.4.2: If the color of the test sample is between the color difference plates or is the same color as the color standard (or one of the color difference plates), it is considered that the color of the test sample meets the color of the corresponding color standard and is within its color difference range. Storage
Color standards (or color difference plates) should be stored in a clean, dry, dark place to prevent stains and scratches. Avoid direct sunlight when using, and store it immediately after use. It is best to wrap it with opaque black paper to avoid unnecessary light. If damaged or discolored,Stop using it immediately.
Appendix A
Tristimulus values and chromaticity coordinates of color standards (supplement)
Color name
POI Light purple
P02 Purple
PB01 Dark (iron) blue
PB02 Dark (crisp) blue
PB03 Medium (iron) blue
PB04 Medium (acyl) blue
PB05 Sea blue
PB06 Light (acid) blue
PB07 Light (iron) blue
PB08 Blue-gray
PB09 Sky () blue
PB10 Sky (iron) blue
PBI1 Peacock blue
BOI Dark gray
BO2 Medium gray
B03 Light charcoal
B04 Silver gray
B05 Sea gray
BO6 Light sky (acid) blue
Rn7 Egg blue
Stimulation value
Color name
B08 Childish blue
B09 Sapphire blue
B10 Bright blue
B11 Light sea (iron) blue
B12 Medium sea (iron) blue
B13 Deep sea (iron) blue
B14 Scenery blue
B15 Brilliant blue
BGO1 Medium green gray
BGO2 Lake green
BG03 Sapphire green
BG04 Bright green
BGOS Light lake green
GO1 Apple green
G02 Light green
G03 Brilliant green
G04 Medium green
G05 Dark green
G06 Olive green
G07 Egg Shell Green
G08 Light Apple Green
G09 Deep Bean Edge
G10 Aircraft Gray
GY01 Bean Green
GY02 Spinning Green
GY03 Olive Gray
GY04 Grass Green
GYO5 Brown Green
GY06 Military Vehicle Green
GY07 Cardamom Green
GY08 Fruit (Phthalo) Green
GY09 Ice Gray
GY10 Machine Tool Gray
GYI1 Jade Gray
YO1 Camel Gray
Y02 Pearl
Y03 Cream
Y04 Ivory
Y05 Lemon Yellow
Y06 Light Yellow
Y07 Medium Yellow
Y08 Dark Yellow
Y09 Iron Yellow
Y10 Military Yellow
Y11 Creamy White
Y12 Beige
Y13 Light Yellow Gray
YR01 Light Brown
YR02 Ochre Yellow
YR03 Purple Brown
YR04 Orange Yellow
YRO5 Brown
YR06 Brown Yellow|| tt||YR07 Dark Brown
RO1 Iron Red
R02 Vermilion
Color Name
R03 Bright Red
R0.4 Purple Red
ROS Orange Red
RP01 Pink
RP02 Light Pink
RP03 Rose Red
RP04 Light Rose Red
Stimulus Value
Note: The three stimulus values and chromaticity coordinates in the table are measured according to GB/T3979, and the test conditions are D6s light source, 10° field of view, d/0 lighting observation conditions. Additional Notes:
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Chemical Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Paints and Pigments. This standard was drafted by the Changzhou Paint Chemical Research Institute of the Ministry of Chemical Industry and Xiangfan Paint Factory. The main drafters of this standard are Wu Liangjun, Yao Chunfeng and Wu Chuanling.
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