Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
JB/T6275-1992
Sugarcane harvester
Issued on June 10, 1992
Test methods
Implementation on July 1, 1993
Issued by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry of the People's Republic of China
JB/T6275-1992
Subject content and scope of application
Cited standards
Test conditions and field investigation
Performance test
Production test
Test report
Appendix A Main instruments, equipment and tools required for the test (reference parts)
Mechanical Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Sugarcane harvester
Subject content and scope of application
Test methods
This standard specifies the field test methods for sugarcane harvester. This standard applies to sugarcane harvesting machinery.
Cited standards
Test conditions for agricultural machinery
General provisions for determination methods
GB5262
7 Test methods for agricultural machinery production
GB5667
3 Terms
All terms shall comply with the provisions of GB5262. 3.1 Growth height
Vertical distance from the trident of the tail of the sugarcane to the top of the ridge. 3.2 Growth length
The actual length from the trident of the tail of the sugarcane to the base. 3.3
Growth density
The number of effective sugarcane plants growing in each meter of sugarcane ridge. 3.4 Growth uniformity
The uniformity of effective sugarcane plants under the natural production state of sugarcane. 3.5 Effective sugarcane plants
Sugarcane plants with a growth height of more than 650mm, excluding dead sugarcane plants. 3.6 Broken heads of perennial roots
JB/T 62751992
The perennial root heads left in the cane ridges are all broken heads if the cut plane is split more than one cane node or the old cane vines are pulled out. Impurities
Organic and inorganic non-sugar-making impurities other than sugarcane stems. 3.8 Loss on the ground
Cane stems that are missed and fall to the ground when the machine is working. 3.9 Stubble loss
Cane stems whose stubble is more than 30mm above the top of the ridge. ) Broken stems (sugarcane segments)
The total length of broken, flattened and bitten (damaged inner layer) cane stems (sugarcane segments) exceeds 10% of the total length and the cane stems are broken (or broken but not broken) with a length of less than 500mm.
Note: Cane stems that are broken (or broken but not broken) with a length of less than 500mm are only applicable to whole-pole harvesting machinery. Approved by the Ministry of Machinery and Electronics Industry on June 10, 1992 and implemented on July 1, 1993
1 Qualified sugarcane stems (sugarcane segments)
Undamaged sugarcane stems (sugarcane segments).
3.12 Feeding amount
JB/T6275—1992
The weight of sugarcane stems, impurities and discharges from cleaning and separation that pass through the machine per unit time. 4 Test conditions and field investigation
4.1 Test selection
The test site should basically meet the machine's applicable range. The selected sugarcane variety, yield and production status, ridge height, ridge distance, soil conditions and plot size should be representative in the local area, and its area should meet the determination of each test item. 4.2 Field investigation and measurement
4.2.1 The surface undulation, slope, direction, test plot shape, test plot area, ridge height, ridge distance, absolute soil moisture content, soil firmness, sugarcane lodging degree, leaf-to-stem ratio and sugarcane leaf moisture content shall be measured in accordance with the provisions of GB5262 and recorded in Tables 1 to 3 respectively. 4.2.2 Sugarcane varieties
Describe in words and record in Table 3.
4.2.3 Sugarcane diameter
Measure the diameter of the base, middle and tail of the sugarcane root and ridge top. Measure 5 points. Take 10 effective plants at each point. Calculate the average value. Record the measurement and calculation results in Table 3. 4.2.4 Sugarcane natural height
Take samples and measure at the same time as in Article 4.2.3. Calculate the average value. Record the measurement and calculation results in Table 3. 4.2.5 Sugarcane growth length
Take samples and measure at the same time as in Article 4.2.3. Calculate the average value. Record the measurement and calculation results in Table 3. 4.2.6 Sugarcane growth density
Take 5 points. Measure 10m at each point. Determine the number of effective sugarcane plants. Calculate the average value according to formula (1). Record the measurement and calculation results in Table 3.
Where: M is the sugarcane growth density, plant/m; a is the number of effective sugarcane plants within the measured 10m, plant.
4.2.7 Sugarcane growth uniformity
Sampling is carried out at the same time as in Article 4.2.4. The height of effective sugarcane plants under natural growth conditions is measured, and the average height and standard deviation are calculated. The standard deviation is calculated according to formula (2). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 3. Z(x -x)
Where: S-
Standard deviation, mm;
xHeight of each sugarcane plant, mm;
Average height of growth, mm;
Number of effective sugarcane plants, plant.
Testing instruments and equipment
For testing instruments and equipment, see Appendix A (reference). 5 Performance test
5.1 Basic requirements
JB/T6275-1992
5.1.1 The purpose of the performance test is to assess whether the various performance indicators of the test machine meet or maintain the design requirements. 5.1.2 The test machine should be adjusted to the best technical state for measurement. 5.1.3 The test area consists of a stabilization area, a measurement area and a parking area. The length of the measurement area is 10~12m. There should be a stabilization area of 20~30m in front of the measurement area, and a parking area of a certain length behind the measurement area. Before the measurement, the measurement area should be cleaned up, and the naturally fallen leaves, broken sugarcane plants and invalid sugarcane plants below 650mm in the measurement area where 2~4 ridges have been cut and the 2 ridges outside the measurement area that have not been cut should be removed. 5.1.4 The test area consists of at least 5 measurement areas with different forward speeds or feeding amounts. 5.1.5 Accuracy of measured data
Sampling time: accurate to 0.1s;
Length of measuring area: accurate to 0.1m;
Operating speed: accurate to 0.1m/s;
Weight of each loss sample: accurate to 0.5kg; Weight of feeding amount sampling: accurate to 0.5kg; Weight of qualified cane stalk sampling: accurate to 0.5kg. 5.2 Operation quality of whole-pole sugarcane combine harvester 5.2.1 Mechanical operation forward speed
Record the measurement and calculation results in Table 4 and calculate according to formula (3): (3)
Where: U -
Test machine operation forward speed, m/s;
L - Length of measuring area, m;
- Time for the machine to pass through the measuring area, S.
5.2.2 Feeding amount
The maximum working capacity of the sugarcane harvesting machinery shall be determined through measurement. Simultaneously with the measurement in Article 5.2.1, the sugarcane stems, impurities and separation discharge of the machine passing through the measurement area shall be taken, and their weights shall be weighed respectively. At the same time, the time of passing through the measurement area shall be recorded, and the measurement and calculation results shall be recorded in Table 4. W,+Wpa
Where: Qw
Feeding amount, kg/s;
The weight of the sugarcane stems and impurities collected when the machine passes through the measurement area, kg; W
The weight of the separation discharge collected when the machine passes through the measurement area, kg. 5.2.3 Cutting quality
5.2.3.1 Cutting height qualification rate
Measure the total number of sugarcane plants in the measurement area and the number of cut stubbles below 30mm from the top of the sugarcane ridge, and calculate according to formula (5), and record the measurement and calculation results in Table 4.
Where: G. — qualified rate of cutting height;
N—number of qualified plants in cutting height, plants;
N——total number of sugarcane plants in the measurement area, plants.
5.2.3.2 Rate of broken heads of perennial roots
JB/T6275-1992
×100%
Measured at the same time as Article 5.2.3.1, the number of plants with broken heads of perennial roots and the total number of sugarcane plants in the measurement area are measured, and calculated according to formula (6), and the measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 4.
Where: G. Rate of broken heads of perennial roots;
N. Number of plants with broken heads of perennial roots in the measurement area, plants. 5.2.4 Unpeeled Rate
From the material taken when measuring the feed rate, remove the sugarcane leaves, fibrous roots and sugarcane leaves and fibrous roots remaining on the sugarcane stems, weigh them respectively, calculate the unpeeled rate according to formula (7), and record the measurement and calculation results in Table 5. Jw=
Where: Jw
Unpeeled Rate;
Weight of sugarcane leaves and fibrous roots remaining on the sugarcane stems, kg;×100%
W. Weight of all sugarcane leaves and fibrous roots taken in the measurement area, kg. 5.2.5 Trash Content
It is measured at the same time as Article 5.2.2 and calculated according to formula (8). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 5. W.×100%
W——
W——
W——
W——
W——
Total weight of samples collected in the test area, kg. 5.2.6 Loss rate
5.2.6.1 Loss rate on ground
Collect the cane stalks that are missed and dropped on the ground in the test area, weigh them, and calculate according to formula (9). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 5.
Wherein: S—
Total weight of all cane stalks in the test area, kg; Weight of cane stalks lost due to missed cutting and dropped on the ground, kg. 5.2.6.2
Sugarcane tip loss rate
Collect the cane tips in the test area, cut the cane stalks below 150mm from the growth point, weigh them, and calculate according to formula (10). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 5.
Wherein: S,
One sugarcane shoot loss rate;
One sugarcane shoot loss weight, kg.
5.2.6.3 Cutting loss rate
JB/T 62751992
Cut the sugarcane shoot part of the cutting stubble that is 30mm higher than the top of the ridge in the measurement area, weigh it, and calculate it according to formula (11), and record the measurement and calculation results in Table 5.
×100%
Wherein: S.
Stubble loss rate;wwW.bzxz.Net
W. Cutting loss weight, kg.
5.2.6.4 Total loss rate
Calculate according to formula (12), and record the result in Table 5. S, = S+S,+S..
Wherein: S.
Total loss rate.
5.2.7 Qualified rate of sugarcane stems
Measure the number of qualified sugarcane stems in the measurement area and calculate according to formula (13). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 5. W.
×100%
Where: C
Qualified rate of sugarcane stems;
Weight of qualified sugarcane stems, kg.
5.2.8 Stacking quality
Assess the difficulty of bundling the piles. Each time the number of piles to be assessed shall not be less than 10. Calculate the following: a. The percentage of neatly stacked easy-to-bundle piles in the total number of piles; b. The percentage of messily stacked difficult-to-bundle piles in the total number of piles. The assessment and calculation results are recorded in Table 6.
5.3 Operation quality of the segmented sugarcane combine harvester (11)
5.3.1 The method for determining the operating forward speed, feed volume, cutting quality, unpeeled rate, impurity rate and loss rate of the test machine is the same as that in Articles 5.2.1 to 5.2.6. The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Tables 4 and 5 respectively. 5.3.2 Qualified sugarcane segment rate
Measure the qualified sugarcane segments in the measurement area and calculate according to formula (14). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 5. Wa×100%-
Where: Cab
Qualified sugarcane segment rate;
Weight of qualified sugarcane segments, kg;
Total weight of sugarcane segments taken in the measurement area, kg. 5.4 Operation quality of sugarcane harvester
JB/T6275-1992
5.4.1 The determination methods of machine operation forward speed, feed amount, cutting quality and loss rate are the same as those in Articles 5.2.1 to 5.2.3 and 5.2.6. The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively.5.4.2 Laying quality
5.4.2.1 Laying angle
Use an inclinometer to measure the rear angle between the sugarcane (individual sugarcane is not counted) laid by the sugarcane harvester and the forward direction of the machine. Each time, measure 3 points at equal intervals in the measurement area, and measure 2m at each point. Calculate the laying angle, standard deviation and range (the difference between the maximum laying angle and the minimum laying angle), and record the measurement results in Table 7.
5.4.2.2 Root difference
Measure the maximum difference of the root of the sugarcane in the laying layer (individual sugarcane is not counted). Each time, three points are measured at equal intervals in the measurement area, and each point is measured for 2m. The average laying angle, standard deviation and range (the sum of the absolute values of the maximum root difference and the minimum root difference) are calculated, and the measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 7. 5.5 Power consumption of sugarcane harvesting machinery
During the measurement, the machine should be at the maximum feeding amount, with no less than two round trips and a length of no less than 20mm. The forward speed of the machine (the measurement method is the same as that of Article 5.2.1), the torque and speed of the main transmission shaft and the walking part are measured, and calculated according to formula (15). The measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 8.
N,= N+Nx
Wherein: N,
Total power consumption, kW;
Power consumption of transmission shaft, kW;
Power consumption of traveling parts, kW;
Torque of transmission shaft, Nm;
M—Torque of traveling parts, N
5.6 Slip rate
Speed of transmission shaft, r/min;
Speed of traveling parts, r/min.
(Mn+M,n）×10-4
Measured at the same time as Article 5.5, and calculated according to formula (16), and the measurement and calculation results are recorded in Table 9. 8
Where: 8
Slip rate:
Actual travel distance of driving wheel, m;
2 yuan Rn-L
2 yuan Rn
R-driving wheel radius (rigid wheel from the axis to the outermost edge, ignoring the protrusion outside the wheel rim; rubber wheel measures the radius of the tire after being compressed, that is, the distance from the center of the wheel axle to the ground), m; n
The speed of the wheel within the measured distance, t/min. 5.7 Public output
Calculated according to formula (17), and the results are recorded in Table 3. Where: m.
Public item yield, t/ha;
JB/T 62751992
Wpi—average total weight of sugarcane stems per meter of sugarcane ridge in the measurement area, kg/m; B. —average distance in the measurement area, m.
6 Production test
The purpose of the production test is to evaluate the machine's economic use, reliability, performance stability, regional applicability, adjustment and maintenance convenience, durability and safety of major components and wearing parts. The production test is a production check and reliability test. 6.1 Production check
6.1.1 The time for production check shall not be less than 3 consecutive working shifts, and the working time of each shift shall not be less than 6h. A designated person should be assigned to carefully record and summarize the inspection, and record them in Tables 10 to 16. 6.1.2 The production inspection shift time includes pure working time (including unloading sugarcane and turning time at the field), failure time (including power failure for self-propelled type and power failure caused by sugarcane harvesting machinery for suspended type) and other time (adjustment, maintenance, etc.). 6.2 Reliability test
6.2.1 Basic requirements
6.2.1.1 On-site reliability test is adopted, and the tail is cut off at regular intervals. 6.2.1.2 Random sampling is adopted for mass-produced products, and the number of sampling is 10% of the annual products. It is allowed to use a third party to conduct on-site reliability use test, and the number of sampling units shall not be less than 3. The number of reliability test units for new products or for other purposes shall be determined according to specific circumstances. 6.2.1.3 The test time for each machine is: 300h engine working time for self-propelled sugarcane harvesting machinery, and no less than 150h pure working time for suspended sugarcane harvesting machinery.
6.2.1.4 During the test, the operator must operate and maintain the machine in accordance with the product manual provided by the manufacturer. 6.2.1.5 The test personnel should carefully make realistic records and make statistical summaries according to Tables 10 to 13. 6.2.2 Principles for statistical judgment of failures
6.2.2.1 According to the provisions of GB3167 on failures, the event that the sugarcane harvester complete machine, assembly (component), system or parts lose the specified function under the specified conditions and within the specified time is called a failure. 6.2.2.2 Failures related to the essential failure of the sugarcane harvester are all related failures and should be included in the calculation of the reliability index value. 6.2.2.3 Failures of the sugarcane harvester caused by external factors are all non-related failures and should not be included in the calculation of the reliability index. Non-related failures include the following:
a. Failures caused by operating under conditions beyond the use conditions specified in the machine manual and technical conditions; b. Failures caused by improper use and maintenance or malfunction of the operator; c. Failures caused by improper maintenance.
6.2.2.4 The failure of the supporting power of the suspended sugarcane harvester should not be counted as an associated failure, but the failure of the supporting power caused by the failure of the sugarcane harvester should be counted as an associated failure. 6.2.3 Fault classification principles
Sugarcane harvester failures are divided into four categories, namely fatal failures, serious failures, general failures and minor failures. 6.2.3.1 Fatal failure
Failures that lead to complete loss of function or cause major economic losses, endangering or causing personal injury. 6.2.3.2 Serious failure
JB/T6275-1992
Failures that lead to serious decline in function and damage to major components. 6.2.3.3 General faults
cause functional degradation and general component damage, but the test personnel can easily eliminate the faults using the random tools and random spare parts. 6.2.3.4 Minor faults
only cause inconvenience to the operator, but do not affect the operation of the machine, and can be easily eliminated by adjustment or routine maintenance using the tools provided on the vehicle. 6.2.4 Calculation of reliability index
The reliability index is calculated according to formula (18) to formula (21). Minor faults are excluded when calculating and evaluating the reliability index of mass-produced products.
6.2.4.1 Mean time between failures
a. Point estimate
b. Lower limit of one-sided confidence interval
Where: MTBF
(MTBF)L=
Mean time between failures (point estimate), h; (MTBF)L
x(α,2r +2)
Mean time between failures (lower limit of one-sided confidence interval), h; Zt;——the sum of the cumulative working time of each test sugarcane harvester, h; Z——the sum of the failures of each test sugarcane harvester, pieces; X2(α,2r+2)
Quantile of the x2 distribution with confidence level α and degree of freedom (2r+2). Note: MTBF and (MTBF)L of fatal failures, serious failures and general failures can be calculated separately as needed. 6.2.4.2 Effectiveness
Where: A-
Effectiveness;
The sum of troubleshooting and repair time of each test sugarcane harvester, h. Damage parts cost rate
Where: Ce
Warranty cost rate;
C-The sum of the cost of damaged parts (related failures) of the product during the test period, yuan; C-The sum of the factory cost of the product, yuan.
6.3 Calculation of technical and economic indicators
The technical and economic indicators are calculated according to formula (22) to formula (24). 6.3.1 Pure working hour productivity
Where: E.
Pure working hour productivity, ha/h;
JB/T62751992
The production check shift workload, ha:
T. Production check shift pure working time, h. 6.3.2 Shift hourly productivity
Where: E—shift hourly productivity, ha/h; Ze
T——shift time during reliability test, h. 6.3.3 Unit energy consumption
Where: G. Energy consumption per unit of work, kg/ha; G—production check shift fuel consumption, kg. (23)
6.4 Before and after the production test or when replacing parts, the dimensions of each major wearing part (such as cutting disc, leaf stripping element, segmenting blade, etc.) should be measured and compared and analyzed to obtain the wear and deformation of each major wearing part and record it in Table 14. 6.5 During the production test, if the machine operation quality is found to have obvious changes, the reasons should be analyzed in time. If necessary, the main performance indicators should be retested.
7 Test report
7.1 Summarization
Relevant data and information should be sorted out in time during the test. After the test, the results of observation, measurement, calculation and analysis should be verified, sorted and summarized, recorded in Table 15 and Table 16, and a test report should be written. 7.2 Test report content
7.2.1 Test overview
State the purpose and requirements of the test, the model, name, number of test machines, the research and development unit and the machine provider, the test time, location and completed workload of the units participating in the test. 7.2.2 Prototype introduction
Introduce the structure, main parameters, characteristics and main working principles and processes of the machine. If necessary, a simple diagram and photos of the machine should be attached. 7.2.3 Test conditions and analysis
Briefly describe the test conditions investigated or measured, analyze whether they are representative and their impact on the test. 7.2.4 Test results and analysis
Briefly describe the data measured and the phenomena observed in the test, conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the machine, and make clear conclusions. Performance measurement data are expressed in tables and linear scale graphs. 9
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