GB 15308-1994 General technical requirements for foam fire extinguishing agents
Some standard content:
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
General specification for foam extinguishing agents
General specification for foam extinguishing agentsGB15308--94
This standard adopts ISO/CD7203-1 "Low-expansion foam extinguishing agents for top application", ISO/CD7203-2 "Technical conditions and fire extinguishing methods for medium-expansion and high-expansion foam liquids" and ISO/CD7203-3 "Low-expansion anti-solvent foam extinguishing agents for top application". 1 Subject content
This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, inspection rules, marking, packaging, transportation and storage requirements for mechanical foam extinguishing agents. This standard applies to all mechanical foam extinguishing agents for extinguishing Class B fires. 2 Reference standards
GB484 Gasoline for vehicles
GB686 Chemical reagents Acetone
3 Definitions
3.1 Foam extinguishing agent Foam extinguishing agent is a fire extinguishing agent that is miscible with water and produces foam through chemical reaction or mechanical method. 3.2 Protein foam extinguishing agent (P) Protein foam extinguishing agent is a foam extinguishing agent made from the hydrolyzate of natural protein and an appropriate amount of additives. 3.3 Fluoroprotein foam extinguishing agent (FP) Fluoroprotein foam extinguishing agent is an extinguishing agent made from protein foam extinguishing agent with an appropriate amount of fluorocarbon surfactant as the base material. 3.4 Synthetic foam extinguishing agent (S) Synthetic foam extinguishing agent is a foam extinguishing agent made from a surfactant and an appropriate amount of additives as the base material. 3.5 Alcohol resistant foam extinguishing agent (AR) Foam extinguishing agent used to extinguish fires of water-soluble liquid fuels. 3.6 Aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFF) Aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent A foam extinguishing agent that can form a layer of water film on the surface of liquid fuel to inhibit the evaporation of flammable liquid. 3.7 Film forming fluor-protein foam extinguishing agent (FFFP) Film forming fluor-protein foam extinguishing agent A fluor-protein foam extinguishing agent that can form a layer of film on the surface of liquid fuel to inhibit the evaporation of flammable liquid. 3.8 Low expansion foam A fire extinguishing foam with a foaming multiple of less than 20.
3.9 Medium expansion foam A fire extinguishing foam with a foaming multiple between 20 and 200. 3.10 High expansion foam A fire extinguishing foam with a foaming multiple higher than 200.
3.11 Gentle application test procedure Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 19, 1994 448
Implemented on July 1, 1995
GB15308-94
Fire extinguishing method in which foam flows into the combustion plate through the baffle. 3.12 Forceful application test procedure Fire extinguishing method in which foam is directly applied to the fuel surface. 3.13 Temperature sensitive foam solution Temperature sensitivity foam concern Foam solution in which the difference in any of the measured values of pH value, low foam multiple, 25% liquid separation time and 50% liquid separation time exceeds a certain range in the test before and after temperature treatment as specified. 4 Technical requirements
4.1 The physical and chemical properties of foam liquid and foam solution shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. Table 1 Physical and chemical properties of foam liquid and foam solution Item
Anti-freezing and thawing performance
(Foam liquid not affected by freezing and thawing) pH value
Precipitation
(volume %)
Flowability
Diffusion coefficient (film-forming type)
Before aging
After aging
The performance of low-multiple foam solution shall comply with the requirements of Table 2. Requirements
No visible stratification, heterogeneous phase or precipitation
≤0.25; the precipitate can pass through a 180 μm sieve
≤1. 0; the precipitate can pass through a 180 μm sieve Sieve flow rate is greater than the standard reference liquid
Table 2 Performance of low-multiple foam solution
Foaming multiple
25% liquid separation time, min
Fire extinguishing time
Anti-burning time
Gaotai fire
Acetone fire
Gaotai fire
Acetone fire
Type of foam liquid
P, S, S/AR, P/AR
FP, FP/AR
FFFP ,AFFF/AR,FFFP/AR
AFFF/AR.S/AR
FFFP/AR,FP/AR,P/AR
S,S/AR
FP,FFFP,AFFF/AR,FP/AR,FFFP/ARP,P/AR
FFFP/AR,AFFF/AR,FP/AR,P/AR4.3 The performance of medium and high multiple foam solutions shall comply with the requirements of Table 3. Required
Foaming multiple
25% liquid extraction time, min
50% liquid extraction time, min
Fire extinguishing time, s
1% anti-burning time, s
5 Test method
5.1 Freezing and thawing resistance test
5.1.1 Apparatus and equipment
GB 15308—94
Table 3 Performance of medium and high multiple foam solutions
Medium multiple foam solution
Freezer: can meet the temperature requirements specified in 5.1.2a.; Ground-mouth bottle (or plastic bottle): 500mL, colorless and transparent. 5.1.2 Test steps
High multiple foam solution
≥200
a. Adjust the temperature of the freezer to 10℃ below the freezing point of the sample. b. Pour 300mL of sample into a ground-mouth bottle (or plastic bottle), cool it to freeze, and keep the temperature for 24 hours before taking it out and thawing it at room temperature. The storage time should not be less than 24 hours and no more than 96 hours. Repeat the above process 3 times to complete 4 freezing and thawing cycles. c.
d. Observe whether the sample has stratification, heterogeneity and precipitation. 5.2 Sediment
5.2.1 Instruments and equipment
Electric centrifuge: controllable speed 2000±100r/min, conical scale centrifugal test tube: 50mL, minimum graduation value of conical bottom 0.1mL; sieve: aperture 180μm;
Plastic washing bottle.
5.2.2 Samples
Take two samples, one for immediate test and the other for aging test. Aging conditions: The container is filled with sample and kept at 60±3℃ for 24±2h. 5.2.3 Test steps
Put two jar-shaped graduated centrifuge test tubes containing 50mL foam liquid symmetrically into the centrifuge, cover them, and centrifuge them at 2000±100r/min for 15min.
Take out the centrifuge test tubes and record the volume percentage of the sediment. Use a plastic washing bottle to rinse the sample in the test tube onto the sieve, and observe whether the sediment disperses through the sieve under the water flow of the plastic washing bottle.
5.3 Flowability
5.3.1 Instruments, equipment, reagents
Freezer: can meet the temperature requirements of 5.3.2a.; Flowability measurement device: see Figure 1;
Foam liquid collector:
Thermometer: -30～50℃, graduation value 1℃, GB15308-94
Reference liquid: 90% glycerol (p=1.240±0.001g/mL). Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the foam liquid fluidity measurement device 12
1—air inlet pipe; 2—stainless steel tee (G number\); 3—pressure gauge (0~0. 1MPa); 4—external thread; 5—ball valve (G number 6—thermometer (-30℃～+50℃), 7—foam liquid inlet pipe: 8—thermometer: 9—liquid guide tube ($16×8.5); 10—water circulation sleeve; 11—thermometer protection tube; 12—foam liquid discharge pipe; 13—foam liquid storage tank; 14—waste liquid discharge pipe; 15—solenoid valve (FDF-8); 16—storage tank bracket 5.3.2 Determination of standard flow rate
Adjust the temperature of the freezer to the minimum use temperature of the foam liquid specified in the manual, with an error of no more than ±1°C. Adjust the water temperature in the insulation sleeve of the liquid guide tube to 20 ±1°C.
b. Fill the storage tank with reference liquid and cool it to the minimum use temperature of the foam liquid, with an error of no more than ±1°C. c. Adjust the pressure in the tank to stabilize it at 0.050 ±0.002MPa. Open the valve, wait for T, and after the temperature stabilizes, collect the liquid discharged from the tube, record the temperature, sample collection time and mass, and calculate the flow rate (L/min). d. Repeat the test once, and take the average value of the two tests as the test result. 5.3.3 Test steps
a. Test the foam liquid twice under the same conditions and steps as the reference liquid, and take the average value of the two tests as the test result. b. Compare the foam liquid test result with the reference liquid test result. 5.4 pH value
5.4.1 Instruments, equipment, reagents
Acidometer: 0~14pH, precision 0.1pH; Thermometer: 0~50℃, graduation value 0.5℃; pH reference reagent: in accordance with relevant national standards. 5.4.2 Test steps
Calibrate the acidometer with pH reference reagent.
GB 15308-94
Take 30mL of 20±0.5℃ foam liquid and inject it into a dry, clean 50mL beaker. Immerse the electrode in the foam liquid and determine the pH value.
c. Repeat the test once and take the average value of the two tests as the test result. The difference between the two test results shall not be greater than 0.1pH. 5.5 Diffusion coefficient
5.5.1 Instruments, equipment, reagents
Surface tension meter;
Cyclohexane: concentration 99%;
Foam solution: Use a 100mL volumetric flask and a pipette, and prepare the foam solution with distilled water according to the concentration specified in the product manual. 5.5.2 Test steps
5.5.2.1 Determination of surface tension
Adjust the temperature of the foam solution to 20±2℃ and measure its surface tension. a.
b. Repeat the test once and take the average of the two tests as the test result. 5.5.2.2 Determination of interfacial tension
a. After measuring the surface tension, lower the platinum ring below the surface of the foam solution, and add a layer of 20±2℃ cyclohexane with a thickness of 5 to 7mm on the foam solution. Avoid contact between the platinum ring of the instrument and the cyclohexane. Wait for 6±1min and measure the interfacial tension. b. Repeat the test once and take the average of the two tests as the measurement result. 5.5.2.3 Calculation of diffusion coefficient:
Calculate the diffusion coefficient between the foam solution and cyclohexane according to the following formula. S=TTT
Wherein: S——diffusion coefficient;
T. —Surface tension of cyclohexane, mN/m;
T. —Surface tension of foam solution, mN/m: T—Interface tension between foam solution and cyclohexane, mN/m. 5.6 Foaming multiple and liquid separation time
5.6.1 Low-multiple foam
5.6.1.1 Instruments and equipment
Low-multiple foam generation system: See Figure 2 for the installation diagram; (1)
Standard foam gun: See Figure 3 for the diagram. The standard foam gun is calibrated with water. When the pressure is 0.63±0.03MPa, the flow rate is 11.4±0.4L/min; Foam collector: See Figure 4 for the schematic diagram; Thermometer: 0-100℃, graduation value 1℃; 5kg platform scale, 5g precision, scraper; Low-power liquid analysis device: See Figure 5 for the schematic diagram. 452 GB15308-94 Figure 2 Low-power foam generation system Schematic diagram of system installation 1-standard foam gun; 2-adjustable bracket; 3-foam liquid delivery pipe; 4-pressure storage tank; 5-pressure gauge (0-1MPa); 6-intake pipe 130
Figure 3 Schematic diagram of standard foam gun
1-external thread joint; 2-internal thread joint 3, 6-polytetrafluoroethylene gasket; 4-three-hole orifice plate, 5-single-hole orifice plate; 7-external thread joint: 8-internal thread joint 9-pipe; 10 cross head; 11-bolt 453
GB 15308-94
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of low-power foam collector
1-Foam receiver; 2-Foam baffle, 3-Bracket? 4-Liquid separation tester bracket 0.5
Figure 5 Schematic diagram of low-power foam liquid separation tester
1-Foam receiving tank; 2-Filter screen, pore size 0.125mm*3-Liquid separation receiving tank 5.6.1.2 Test steps
Prepare 100L foam solution according to the concentration specified in the product manual and add it to the pressure-resistant storage tank. Control the temperature of the foam solution so that the temperature of the foam produced by the standard foam gun is within the range of 20±2℃. 454
GB15308-94
Start the air compressor and adjust the air release valve to stabilize the pressure at the inlet of the standard foam gun at 0.63±0.03MPa. Open the valve of the standard foam gun, and after 30±5s, fill the pipeline from the pressure storage tank to the standard foam gun with foam solution. The standard foam gun is placed horizontally so that the foam can be sprayed to the center of the collector. d.
Use the liquid precipitator to receive the foam and start the stopwatch at the same time. Wipe off the foam outside the liquid precipitator, weigh (M2), and calculate the mass of 25% precipitate. Mg
Where: Ms
25% precipitate mass, g;
M2 is the mass of the liquid precipitator when it is filled with foam, g; M, — the mass of the liquid precipitator, g.
Take off the liquid precipitate receiving tank under the liquid precipitator and place it on the scale, and place the foam collecting tank on the bracket. Pay attention to keep the precipitated liquid drops in the precipitate receiving tank. When the precipitated liquid is M:, stop the stopwatch and record the 25% precipitate time. g.
Wherein: N
Calculate foaming multiple
M, -M×
Foaming multiple;
Volume of the foam receiving tank of the liquid analysis measuring instrument, mL, p
Density of the foam solution, p is taken as 1g/mL.
h. Repeat the test once and take the average value of the two tests as the measurement result. 5.6.2 Medium multiple foam
5.6.2.1 Instruments and equipment
Medium multiple foam generating system: Assemble according to Figure 2, and replace the standard foam gun with a standard medium multiple foam generator;·(3)
Standard medium multiple foam generator: See Figure 6 for the schematic diagram. When the generator flow is calibrated with water, the flow rate is 3.2±0.2 when the pressure is 0.50±0.01MPa. L/min;
215±2
Figure 6 Schematic diagram of standard medium-fold foam generator
1-connector cover; 2-nozzle; 3-generator body; 4-foaming net (30 mesh), 5-pressing net end cover
Liquid separation tester: as shown in Figure 7, made of galvanized sheet, volume (V) 200L, with drainage holes and liquid storage tank at the bottom; 455
Stopwatch: precision 0.1s,| |tt||Bench scale: 50kg, precision 20g1
5kg, precision 5g,
GB15308-94
Figure 7 Schematic diagram of medium-multiple foam lysis determination
1- simplified; 2-handle, 3-liquid lysis hole (aperture 9-3), 4-spring pin (2-6); 5-liquid lysis receiving tank
Thermometer: 0~100℃, graduation value 1℃, scraper.
5.6.2.2 Test steps
a. Prepare 50L of foam solution according to the concentration specified in the instructions, add it to the pressure-resistant storage tank, and control the temperature of the foam solution so that the temperature of the foam is within the range of 18~24℃.
b. Wet the inner wall of the lysis determination device and weigh it (M). Start the air compressor and adjust the inlet pressure of the standard medium-multiple foam generator to 0.50±0.01MPa. c.
Open the generator valve, and after 30±5s, collect the foam with the liquid analyzer and start the stopwatch at the same time. d.
When the liquid analyzer is full of foam, immediately remove the generator and use a scraper to scrape the foam surface along the upper edge of the liquid analyzer, weigh (M2), and calculate the foaming multiple according to formula (3). e. Remove the liquid analyzer receiving tank, calculate the 25% liquid analyzer mass according to formula (2), and calculate the 50% liquid analyzer mass according to formula (4). Measure the 25% and 50% liquid analyzer times respectively.
Where: M——50% liquid analyzer mass, g.
f. Repeat the test once and take the average of the two tests as the test result. 5.6.3 High multiple foam
5.6.3.1 Instruments and equipment
High multiple foam generation system: Assemble according to Figure 2, and replace the standard foam gun with a standard high multiple foam generator. 456
（4）
GB15308—94
Standard high-power foam generator: Schematic diagram, see Figure 8, use water to calibrate the flow rate, the pressure is 0.50±0.01MPa, the flow rate is 6.0±0.2L/min.
Analysis liquid measuring device: made of galvanized plate, volume 500L, schematic diagram see Figure 9; stopwatch: precision 0.1s,
thermometer: 0～100℃, graduation value 1℃, platform scale: 50kg, precision 20g;
5kg, precision 5g.
Figure 8 Schematic diagram of standard high-multiple foam generator
1-flange; 2-bolts and nuts; 3-inner flange; 4-fan blades; 5-outer shell; 6-motor fixing bracket; 7-motor: 8-motor rear support frame: 9-pressure gauge, 10-valve, 11-sprinkler directional head: 12-sprinkler sleeve cover; 13-sprinkler sleeve: 14-sprinkler; 15-foaming net sleeve: 16-fastening bolts and nuts, 17-flange; 18-foaming net; 19-generator fixing ear plate; 20-air filter ( 10 mesh) 457
5.6.3.2 Test steps
GB15308-94
Figure 9 Schematic diagram of high-power foam liquid analysis tester
1 Simplified; 2-handle, 3-liquid analysis hole (9-$3); 4-spring pin (2-$6); 5-liquid analysis receiving tank Prepare 50L of foam solution according to the concentration specified in the product manual, add it to the pressure-resistant storage tank, and control the temperature of the foam solution so that the temperature of the foam generated a.
foam is within the range of 18-24℃. b. Wet the inner wall of the liquid analysis tester and weigh it (M,). c. Start the air compressor and adjust the inlet pressure of the standard high-power generator to 0.50±0.01MPa. Use the liquid analysis tester to receive the foam and start the stopwatch at the same time. Stop receiving when the liquid analysis tester is full of foam. Use a scraper to scrape the foam surface along the upper edge of the liquid analysis tester and weigh it (M2). Calculate the foaming multiple according to formula (3).
Measure the 50% liquid separation time according to the determination method of medium-fold foam. Repeat the test once and take the average of the two tests as the determination result. 5.7 Determination of fire extinguishing performance
5.7.1 Judgment conditions
For foam liquid that is not suitable for seawater, it is qualified if two of the three fire extinguishing tests are successful. If the first two tests are all successful, the third test can be omitted.
For foam liquid that is suitable for seawater, use fresh water and artificial seawater (in accordance with the provisions of 5.7.4) to conduct a test each. If both tests are successful, it is judged as qualified; if both tests fail, it is judged as unqualified. If there is one failure, the test should be repeated twice. If the repeated tests are successful, it is judged as qualified; if there is one failure in the repeated tests, it is judged as unqualified. 5.7.2 Test conditions
Air temperature: above 10℃;
Fuel temperature: above 10℃;
Foam temperature: 20±2℃;
Water temperature: above 10℃;
GB 15308--94
Wind speed: When it exceeds 2m/s, a windshield must be used. The maximum wind speed near the oil pan shall not exceed 3m/s. 5.7.3 Record data
Indoor or outdoor test
Fuel temperature
Foam temperature
90% fire control time
99% fire control time
Fire extinguishing time
25% anti-burning time
5.7.4 Composition of artificial seawater
Add the following to one liter of fresh water:
25.0 g sodium chloride (NaCI)
11.0 g magnesium chloride (MgClz·6H,0)
1.6 g calcium chloride (CaCl2·2H,O)
4.0 g sodium sulfate (Na2SO)
so that they are completely dissolved.
5.7.5 Low-expansion foam fire extinguishing performance test
5.7.5.1 Slow-pressure fire extinguishing performance test (P, S, S/AR, P/AR) 5.7.5.1.1 Instruments, equipment, materials
Steel combustion disk: inner diameter 2400±25mm; depth 200±15mm;
wall thickness 2.5mm.
Baffle: length 1000±50mm;
height 1000±50mm;
(the area of the combustion disk is about 4.52m2).
Standard foam gun
Steel anti-burning tank: inner diameter 300±5mm;Www.bzxZ.net
depth 250±5mm,
wall thickness 2.5mm.
Anemometer: 0~10m/s.
Stopwatch: precision 0.1s.
Fuel: 90 gasoline, in line with GB484 requirements. 5.7.5.1.2 Test steps
Put the combustion tray horizontally on the ground, add 90L of water so that the bottom of the tray is completely covered with water, and add 120±5L of fuel to the tray. Adjustment standard a.
The foam gun is horizontal and 1000±50mm above the oil surface, so that the foam jet falls on the center of the baffle. See Figure 10 for a schematic diagram. b. Ignite the fuel within 5min after adding the fuel, and start recording the pre-combustion time when the flame covers the combustion tray. Apply 459 after 60±5s of pre-combustion.5mm.
Baffle: length 1000±50mm;
height 1000±50mm;
(the area of the combustion plate is about 4.52m2).
Standard foam gun
Steel anti-burning tank: inner diameter 300±5mm;
depth 250±5mm,
wall thickness 2.5mm.
Anemometer: 0~10m/s.
Stopwatch: precision 0.1s.
Fuel: 90 gasoline, in line with GB484 requirements. 5.7.5.1.2 Test steps
Put the combustion plate horizontally on the ground, add 90L of water so that the bottom of the plate is completely covered with water, and add 120±5L of fuel in the plate. Adjust the standard a.
foam gun horizontally and 1000±50mm above the oil surface so that the foam jet falls on the center of the baffle. See Figure 10 for a schematic diagram. b. Ignite the fuel within 5 minutes after adding fuel. Start recording the pre-combustion time when the flame covers the combustion disk. Start applying 459 after 60±5s of pre-combustion.5mm.
Baffle: length 1000±50mm;
height 1000±50mm;
(the area of the combustion plate is about 4.52m2).
Standard foam gun
Steel anti-burning tank: inner diameter 300±5mm;
depth 250±5mm,
wall thickness 2.5mm.
Anemometer: 0~10m/s.
Stopwatch: precision 0.1s.
Fuel: 90 gasoline, in line with GB484 requirements. 5.7.5.1.2 Test steps
Put the combustion plate horizontally on the ground, add 90L of water so that the bottom of the plate is completely covered with water, and add 120±5L of fuel in the plate. Adjust the standard a.
foam gun horizontally and 1000±50mm above the oil surface so that the foam jet falls on the center of the baffle. See Figure 10 for a schematic diagram. b. Ignite the fuel within 5 minutes after adding fuel. Start recording the pre-combustion time when the flame covers the combustion disk. Start applying 459 after 60±5s of pre-combustion.
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