Specificatlons for inspection,acceptance and quality assessment of digital surveying and mapping products
Some standard content:
ICS.07.040
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
GB/T18316—2001
Specifications for inspection, acceptance and quality assessment of digital surveying and mapping products Issued on March 5, 2001
Implemented on September 1, 2001
Issued by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision
GB/T18316-2001
Cited Standards
Basic Provisions for Inspection and Acceptance
Implementation of Inspection and Acceptance
Inspection and Acceptance of Digital Line Topographic Map ProductsInspection and Acceptance of Digital Elevation Model Products
8 Inspection and Acceptance of Digital Orthophoto Map Products9 Inspection and Acceptance of Digital Raster Map Products
10 Quality Assessment
Appendix A (Appendix to the Standard)||t t||Classification of defects in digital surveying and mapping products
Format of inspection report for digital surveying and mapping products
Appendix B (suggestive appendix)
Appendix C (suggestive appendix)
Format of acceptance report for digital surveying and mapping products
Appendix D (suggestive appendix)
Example of quality statistics for digital surveying and mapping products)
GB/T18316—2001
This standard is formulated in response to the needs of quality inspection of digital line topographic maps, digital raster maps, digital orthophotos and digital elevation models in digital mapping and basic geographic information data database construction, based on the current technical level. This standard is based on CH1002-1995 "Regulations on Inspection and Acceptance of Surveying and Mapping Products" and CH1003-1995 "Standards for Quality Assessment of Surveying and Mapping Products", and combines the uniqueness of digital surveying and mapping products to propose detailed inspection and general inspection requirements for digital surveying and mapping products; content and methods of quality inspection and acceptance of digital surveying and mapping products; unit product defect classification and product quality assessment, etc.
Appendix A of this standard is the appendix of the standard.
Appendix B, Appendix C, and Appendix D are prompt appendices. This standard is proposed and managed by the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The drafting unit of this standard: Surveying and Mapping Standardization Institute of the State Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation. The main drafters of this standard: Ma Xiaoping, Ma Congli, Wang Zhanhong, and Yang Qing. 1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Specifications for inspection, acceptance and quality assessment of digital surveying and mapping products GB/T18316—2001
This standard specifies the requirements, contents, acceptance ratios, quality inspection methods and assessments for the inspection and acceptance of products such as digital line topographic maps, digital raster maps, digital orthophotos and digital elevation models. This standard is applicable to the inspection, acceptance and quality inspection of digital line topographic maps, digital raster maps, digital orthophotos and digital elevation models. The inspection and acceptance of other professional digital surveying and mapping products can be used as a reference. 2 Referenced Standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. When this standard is published, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. GB/T17941.1-2000 Quality requirements for digital surveying and mapping products Part 1: Quality requirements for digital line topographic maps and digital elevation models
3 Terminology
3.1 Unit product
The basic unit divided for inspection and acceptance. The basic unit is "piece". 3.2 Inspection batch
Unit products of the same nature collected for inspection. 3.3 Sample
The whole of unit products for detailed inspection drawn from the inspection batch. 3.4 Simple random sampling
Extract samples from the inspection batch. When sampling, make sure that each unit product can constitute the sample with the same probability. 3.5 Graded random sampling
Extract samples from the inspection batch. When sampling, first classify the unit products according to the difficulty category (complexity), regional characteristics, working methods, and the excellent, good, and acceptable grades evaluated by the working group (room) or production unit, and then conduct random sampling at each level so that the unit products in each level can constitute the sample with the same probability. 3.6 Quality elements
The basic characteristics of the product that meet the user's requirements and use purposes. This characteristic can be summarized as the data format, mathematical accuracy, attribute accuracy, logical consistency, completeness of elements, currentness, and quality elements such as graphics, image quality, finishing quality, and accessory quality of digital surveying and mapping products. These elements can be described or measured to determine whether they are qualified or unqualified for user requirements and use purposes. 3.7 Detailed inspection
Approved by the State Administration of Quality and Technical Supervision on March 5, 2001 and implemented on September 1, 2001
A comprehensive inspection of the sample.
3.8 General inspection
GB/T18316—2001
Inspection of products outside the sample based on serious defects, serious defects and minor defects with tendency problems that affect product quality in the sample.
3.9 Process inspection
The first comprehensive inspection of the product by the quality inspector after the operator hands over the product. 3.10 Final inspection
Another comprehensive inspection of the product by the quality inspector based on the process inspection. 3.11 Acceptance
Inspection to determine whether the inspected batch meets the requirements (or whether it can be accepted). 3.12 Serious defect
The extremely important quality element of the unit product does not meet the regulations, so that it cannot be provided to users without rework or processing. 3.13 Serious defect
The important quality element of the unit product does not meet the regulations, or the quality element of the unit product seriously does not meet the regulations. It has a significant impact on user use.
3.14 Minor defects
General quality elements of unit products do not meet the requirements, or the quality elements of unit products do not meet the requirements, which have a slight impact on user use.
3.15 Defect value
The score specified according to the defect level.
4 Basic regulations for inspection and acceptance
4.1 Two-level inspection and one-level acceptance system
A process inspection, final inspection and acceptance system is implemented for digital mapping products. The process inspection is undertaken by the squadron (room) inspection personnel of the production unit. The final inspection is implemented by the quality management organization of the production unit. The acceptance work is organized and implemented by the commissioning unit of the task, or by the inspection organization with inspection qualifications commissioned by the unit. Inspection and acceptance work at all levels must be carried out independently and shall not be omitted or replaced. 4.2 Submit materials for inspection and acceptance
4.2.1 The submitted results materials must be complete. Generally, it should include: a) project design book, technical design book, technical summary, etc.; b) document preparation, quality tracking card, etc.;
c) data files, including the decoration information files inside and outside the gallery, metadata files, etc.; d) the original map or copied secondary base map used as the data source; e) the inspection map or simulation map output of the graphic or image data; f) other documents and materials specified in the technical regulations or technical design book. When submitting for acceptance, the inspection report should also be included. 4.2.2. If the information is incomplete or the data is incomplete, the unit responsible for inspection or acceptance has the right to refuse inspection and acceptance. 4.3 Basis for inspection and acceptance
a) Extracts from relevant surveying and mapping task books, contract books on product quality characteristics or entrusted inspection and acceptance documents; b) relevant laws and regulations and technical standards;
c) technical design books and relevant technical regulations, etc. 4.4 Records and archives of inspection and acceptance
Inspection and acceptance records include records of quality problems, records of problem handling, and records of quality assessment, etc. Records must be kept in a timely, careful, 2
GB/T183162001
standardized and clear manner. After the inspection and acceptance work is completed, an inspection and acceptance report must be written and filed together with the product. 5 Implementation of inspection and acceptance work
5.1 Implementation of inspection work
5.1.1 The operator can sort out and submit the results according to regulations only after self-inspection and confirmation that there are no errors. The squadron (office) conducts process inspections, and the production unit (institute) conducts final inspections. Both levels are 100% comprehensive inspections of the results. 5.1.2 During the process and final inspections, if any products that do not meet the quality requirements are found, they should be returned to the operating group, and the squadron (office) will handle them, and then they will be checked again until they pass the inspection. 5.1.3 After the final inspection, the product is returned to the operator for modification. The quality of the product is assessed according to 10.2\Unit product quality assessment method", and an inspection report is written according to the provisions of Appendix B. After the inspection report is reviewed by the leader of the production unit, it shall be submitted for acceptance together with the product. 5.1.4 The surveying and mapping production unit shall apply for acceptance in writing to the unit entrusting production or the department issuing the task. 5.2 Implementation of acceptance work
5.2.1 Acceptance work shall be carried out after the surveying and mapping products have passed the final inspection. 5.2.2 The inspection batch shall generally consist of surveying and mapping products from the same area and the same production unit. When the same area is large, the inspection batches can be composed of different production times.
5.2.3 During acceptance, the acceptance department generally draws samples (n) according to 10% of the number of unit products N in the inspection batch. When the number of unit products N in the inspection batch is <10, n=2; when N>10, and N× If 10% is not an integer, round it up and add 1 as the number of samples for random inspection. 5.2.4, the sampling method can be simple random sampling or graded random sampling. Simple random sampling can be used for products with roughly the same difficulty category and operation method. Otherwise, graded random sampling should be used. 5.2.5 The samples shall be inspected in detail and the product quality shall be verified in accordance with the provisions of 10.2. Products other than the samples shall be generally inspected. If there are unqualified products in the sample after acceptance, a second sampling inspection shall be carried out. 5.2.6 The quality of the inspection batch shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of 10.1.2. For the inspection batch that is judged as qualified after acceptance, the inspected unit shall deal with the problems found during the acceptance; for the batch that is judged as not passing the first inspection after acceptance, the inspection batch shall be returned in whole or in part to the inspected unit for re-inspection, processing, and then re-inspection.
5.2.7 All products that are re-inspected must be re-sampled. 5.2.8 After the acceptance work is completed, an acceptance report shall be prepared in accordance with the provisions of Appendix C. After the acceptance report is reviewed by the superior department of the acceptance unit (the acceptance report of the entrusted acceptance shall be submitted to the entrusted unit for review), it shall be filed with the product and a copy shall be sent to the production unit. 6 Inspection and acceptance of digital line drawing topographic map products 6.1 Quality elements of digital line drawing topographic map products (see Table 1) Table 1 Quality elements of digital topographic map products
First-level quality elements
Basic requirements
Mathematical accuracy
Attribute accuracy
Second-level quality elements
File name, data format, data organization Mathematical basis
Plane accuracy
Elevation accuracy
Edge accuracy
Correctness of feature classification and code
Correctness of feature attribute values
Completeness of attribute item types
Correctness and completeness of data stratification| |tt||Correctness of annotations
Logical consistency
First-level quality elements
Completeness and timeliness of elements
Finishing quality
Accessory quality
6.2 Inspection and acceptance contents and methods
GB/T18316-2001
Table 1 (end)
Correctness of topological relationships
Polygon closure
Node matching
Completeness of elements
Time of element collection or update
Integrity of annotations
Line quality
Symbol quality
Quality of pattern finishing
Second-level quality elements
Correctness and completeness of document materials
Correctness and completeness of metadata files
During the process inspection, the data format may not be provided in the format of the final product. The inspection procedures and steps can be divided into sections, layers or processes to inspect the entire content according to the organizational form, software conditions and process conditions. The data modified by the process inspection should be converted into the data format of the final results before it can be submitted for final inspection and acceptance. 6.2.1 File name and data format inspection
a) Check the correctness of the file name format and name; b) Check whether the data format and data organization meet the requirements. 6.2.2 Mathematical basis inspection
a) Check the correctness of the adopted spatial positioning system; b) Display the coordinates of the map gallery points, the first and last kilometer grid, the intersection of the longitude and latitude grid, the control points, etc. on the screen according to the search conditions, and check them with the theoretical values and the known coordinate values of the control points.
6.2.3 Plane and elevation accuracy inspection
6.2.3.1 General provisions for selecting inspection points
The plane inspection points of digital topographic maps should be evenly distributed and randomly selected obvious ground feature points. The number of plane and elevation detection points is determined by the specific conditions such as the complexity and scale of the ground features. Generally, 20 to 50 points are selected for each map. 6.2.3.2 Detection method
a) For digital topographic maps with field survey data, when the scale is greater than 15,000, the plane coordinates and elevation of the detection points are measured using the field scatter point method according to the accuracy of the survey station. Use a steel ruler or rangefinder to measure the distance between adjacent ground features, and the number of measured edges should generally be no less than 20 for each map;
b) For digital topographic maps collected using photogrammetry data, different detection methods are selected according to the mapping scale: 1) When the scale is greater than 1:5000, the plane coordinates and elevation of the detection points are measured using the field scatter point method according to the accuracy of the survey station. If the plane and elevation accuracy of the control points can be achieved by internal encryption, the encrypted points can also be used for detection without field work: 2) When the scale is less than 1:5000 (including 1:5000) and there is control data with an accuracy not lower than that of the mapping, the internal encryption of confidential points is used for detection;
3) Use high-precision data or high-precision instruments for detection. c) The plane accuracy of the digital topographic map collected by the hand-held tracking digitizer can be checked by replaying the digital topographic map from the plotter onto the film, and after matching it with the digitized original map according to the map gallery points and kilometer network, the displacement errors of the detected point targets and linear targets are measured, and the displacement errors of the two targets are counted and calculated respectively;
d) The plane accuracy of the digital topographic map generated by scanning is checked by matching it on the screen using a computer. The elevation accuracy test of c) and d) is to check the correctness of the elevation assignment of elevation points and contour lines by comparing it with the digitized original map. 4
6.2.3.3 Processing of test data
GB/T18316—2001
a) Analyze the test data and check whether the errors conform to the normal distribution. For any test point whose test error is greater than 2 times the mean error specified in 4.4 of GB/T17941.1-2000, the test data should be checked to avoid errors caused by the test; b) Calculation of the plane and elevation mean errors of the test point: The plane mean error of the feature point is calculated according to formula (1): (X, a)2
wherein: M is the mean error of coordinate X, m
M is the mean error of coordinate Y, m;
X, the test value of coordinate X, m;
a—the original measured value of coordinate X, m
Y,—the test value of coordinate Y , m,
Ji—the original measured value of coordinate Y, m;
—the number of detection points
（1）
The mean error of the distance between adjacent ground object points (or the mean error of the displacement of point targets, the mean error of the displacement of linear targets) is calculated according to formula (2): AS
Ms=±N
（2）
Where: AS—the difference between the measured side length of adjacent ground object points and the side length of the same name on the map, or the displacement difference of point or linear targets measured by the digital topographic map collected by map digitization and the digital original map after overlay, m. —the number of measured edges (or the number of point targets, linear targets). The error in elevation is calculated according to formula (3):
(H,-h)2
Where: H,—the measured elevation of the detection point, m; h—the elevation of the corresponding interpolation point on the digital topographic map, mn——the number of elevation detection points.
6.2.4 Inspection of edge accuracy
(3)
Inspect the edge accuracy by measuring whether the distance Ad between the endpoints of the elements at the edge of two adjacent map sheets is equal to 0. For those that are not connected, record their deviation values. Check the natural connection of the edge elements in geometry to avoid abruptness. Check the consistency of the surface domain attributes and line attributes. Record the number of required entities with inconsistent attributes.
6.2.5 Attribute accuracy detection
a) Check whether the names of each layer are correct and whether there are any missing layers; b) Check whether the attribute item type, length, order, etc. in each attribute table are correct and whether there are any omissions; c) According to the semantic attribute retrieval of the classification and grading of geographic entities, display the detected elements one by one on the screen or draw the full element map (or sub-element map) of the elements and the map element classification code table, and compare it with the digitized original map, and visually check whether the layering, code, and attribute value of each element are correct or missing:
d) Check whether the attribute value of the common edge is correct; 5
GB/T18316—2001
e) Use the method of adjusting the drawing film, original map, etc. to check the correctness of the annotation. 6.2.6 Logical consistency test
a) Use the corresponding software to check whether the topological relationship of each layer is established and the correctness of the topological relationship; b) Check whether there are repeated elements in each layer; c) Check whether the direction of the directed symbol and the directed linear search is correct; d) Check the closure of the polygon and whether the identification code is correct; e) Check the node matching of the linear search; ) Check whether the relationship between the elements is reasonable, whether there is any geographical adaptability contradiction, and whether it can correctly reflect the distribution characteristics and density characteristics of each element;
g) Check whether the double-line search (such as double-line railways and highways) is digitized along the center line; h) Check whether the digitization of water systems, roads and other elements is continuous. For digital products used to make maps, the test items in 6.2.5 and 6.2.6 can be adjusted accordingly as needed. 6.2.7 Completeness and currentness inspection
a) Check whether the production date of the data source meets the requirements, and check whether the latest data is used during data collection; b) Use adjustment maps, original maps, playback maps, and, if necessary, three-dimensional models to observe and check whether there are any omissions in various elements and notes. 6.2.8 Finishing quality inspection
For map and cartography products, the following should be checked: a) Check whether the symbols of each key are correct and whether the size meets the requirements of the diagram; b) Check whether the graphic lines are continuous, smooth, clear, and whether the thickness meets the requirements; c) Check whether the relationship between each key is reasonable, and whether there is any overlap or overlap; d) Check whether the name notes are correct, the position is reasonable, the direction is clear, and the font, size, and direction meet the requirements; e) Check whether the notes cover important features or point symbols; f) Check whether the layout of the drawing and the finishing of the inside and outside of the gallery meet the requirements. 6.2.9 Attachment quality inspection
a) Check whether the submitted documents are filled in correctly and completely; b) Check whether the metadata file content is correct and complete item by item. Inspection and acceptance of digital elevation model products
7.1 Quality elements of digital elevation model products (see Table 2) Table 2 Quality elements of digital elevation model products First-level quality elements
Basic requirements
Mathematical accuracy
Currentity
Attachment quality disk
7.2 Inspection and acceptance content and methods
7.2.1 Inspection of file name and data format
a) Check the file name format and the correctness of the name 6
File name, data format
Mathematical basis
Elevation accuracy
Edge accuracy
Grid spacing
Data production date
Secondary quality elements
Correctness and completeness of metadata files
Correctness and completeness of document materials
GB/T18316—2001
b) Check whether the data format and data organization meet the requirements. 7.2.2 Check of mathematical basis and grid spacing Display the coordinates of the starting point, the coordinates of the ending point, and the grid spacing on the screen, and check whether the DEM model meets the requirements, whether the coordinates of the starting grid are correct, whether the grid spacing meets the requirements, and whether the spatial positioning reference system is correct. 7.2.3 Detection of elevation accuracy
Check whether the coordinate values and elevation values of various control points are correct; check whether the elevation accuracy meets the requirements. The detection of elevation accuracy includes the detection of the elevation accuracy of the grid points with the same name and the detection of the elevation accuracy of any point interpolated from the elevation model.
The number of detection points for each map depends on the specific situation. Generally, there are no less than 20 points. They are required to be evenly distributed in the map, and more points can be appropriately distributed around them.
7.2.3.1 The digital elevation model collected by photogrammetry can be checked by the following two methods: a) Stereo model detection method
It is often used to detect the elevations on the grid points with the same name. The method of measuring the elevation annotation points is used on the analytical mapping instrument or the digital photogrammetry workstation to measure a set of check points on the grid points. When compared with the elevations on the corresponding grid coordinates, a set of elevation differences (Ahi=1, 2, 3,.....n) is obtained.
b) Scatter point method
The scatter point method can be used when detecting the elevation in flat areas. It includes the indoor dense column point method and the field method. External scatter point method: 1) Indoor encrypted column point method (below 1:5000 scale) Use the encryption method to encrypt a group of checkpoints, use the established digital elevation model to interpolate the elevation of the checkpoint location, compare them with the corresponding encrypted elevation points, and obtain the elevation difference of a group of points Ah, (i1, 2, 3,, n), 2) Field scatter point method
Use the field measurement method to measure the coordinates of the scattered points on the spot, use the established digital elevation model to interpolate the elevation at the checkpoint location, compare them with the corresponding measured elevation points, and obtain a group of elevation differences Ah, i1, 2, 3, **, n). 7.2.3.2 Detection of the digital elevation model established by collecting data from the topographic map Use the generated DEM elevation to compare with the elevation on the original topographic map to obtain a group of elevation differences Ah (i = 1, 2, 3,., n). 7.2.3.3 Test data processing
The mean error of the digital elevation model point is calculated according to formula (4): A
Where: Ah, — the elevation difference, m
— the number of checkpoints.
7.2.4 Check of edge accuracy
(4)
Visually check the overlap of the digital elevation models of adjacent map sheets, the consistency of the elevations of the grid points with the same name, and the continuity and correctness of the plane coordinates of the grid points in adjacent rows (columns) on the screen. 7.2.5 Attribute accuracy check
The digital elevation model with the auxiliary file of the feature point loss can display the classification code and coordinates of its feature points, and check them against the three-dimensional model (or topographic map, field, etc.) to check whether they are correct. 7.2.6 Check of attachment quality and currentness
a) Check whether the submitted documents are filled in correctly and completely. b) Check whether the metadata file content is correct and complete, and check its currency through the metadata data production date or update date. 8 Inspection and acceptance of digital orthophoto products GB/T18316—2001
8.1 Quality elements of digital orthophoto products (see Table 3) Table 3 Quality elements of digital orthophoto products First-level quality elements
Basic requirements
Mathematical accuracy
Image quality
Currentity
Finishing quality disk
Accessory quality
8.2 Inspection and acceptance content and methods
8.2.1 File name and data format inspection
a) Check the file name format and the correctness of the name; b) Check whether the data format and data organization meet the requirements. 8.2.2 Mathematical basis test
a) Check whether the adopted spatial positioning reference system is correct; Secondary quality elements
File name, data format, mathematical basis of data organization
Plane accuracy
Edge accuracy
Clarity
Resolution
Appearance quality
Data production date
Annotation quality disk
Gallery finishing quality
Correctness and completeness of document information
Correctness and completeness of metadata
b) Check whether the positioning points, grid coordinates and geographic positioning coordinates of the image data file, the ground size of pixels in the X and Y directions, the number of rows and columns, etc. are correct:
c) Check whether the map outline coordinates are correct, and whether the digital orthophoto and the inner map outline and kilometer network are aligned through coordinates. 8.2.3 Plane accuracy detection
The number of detection points for each map depends on the specific situation, generally not less than 20 points. Read the coordinates of the obvious target point on the large-scale first-level line drawing and enter it into the computer. Compare it with the coordinates of the same-name image point on the digital orthophoto, and calculate the mean square error according to formula (5): [(X, )+(Y, -)\
Where: Ms-mean square error of a point, m;
detected value of coordinate X, m;
original measured value of coordinate X, m;
Y,-detected value of coordinate Y, m;
y——original measured value of coordinate Y, m;
number of detection points.
8.2.4 Inspection of edge accuracy
GB/T18316—2001
Visually check on the screen whether the edges of adjacent digital orthophoto images and adjacent photos are correct, whether the image is blurred or misplaced, and whether the color is balanced.
8.2.5 Inspection of image quality
Visually check whether the image is clear and easy to read, whether the contrast is moderate, and whether the color tone is uniform. For color images, visually check the clarity of the image, the vividness of the color, and the change of continuous tones to ensure the authenticity of the color of the photo. 8.2.6 Inspection of finishing quality
Use playback images or visually check on the computer whether the annotations are wrong or not, and whether the position is appropriate: Check whether the finishing inside and outside the gallery conforms to the requirements of the diagram and whether it is correct and complete.
8.2.7 Check the quality and currentness of attachments
a) Check whether the submitted documents are filled in correctly and completely; b) Check whether the metadata file content is correct and complete, and check its currentness through the metadata data production date or update date. 9 Inspection and acceptance of digital raster map products
9.1 Quality elements of digital raster map products (see Table 4) Table 4 Quality elements of digital raster map products
Grade quality elements
Basic requirements
Mathematical accuracy
Grid graphic qualitywwW.bzxz.Net
Finishing quality
Currentness
Attachment quality
9.2 Inspection and acceptance content and methods
9.2.1 File name and data format inspection
a) Check the file name format and the correctness of the name; b) Check whether the data format and data organization meet the requirements. 9.2.2 Detection of mathematical foundation
Secondary quality elements
File name, data format, data organization mathematical foundation
Plane accuracy
Resolution
Clearance
Color consistency
Appearance quality
Quality of gallery decoration
Data production date
Correctness and completeness of document information
Correctness and completeness of metadata
Display the coordinates of outline points, kilometer grid, control points, etc. on the screen one by one according to the search conditions, and check with the theoretical values, control points and known coordinate values.
a) Check whether the spatial positioning reference system used is correct; b) Check whether the coordinates of the gallery points of the digital grid map are correct, whether the grid map and the inner gallery line and kilometer grid are aligned through coordinates, whether the grid coordinates and geographic positioning coordinates, the ground size of the pixels in the X and Y directions, the number of rows and columns, etc. are correct. 9.2.3 Plane accuracy test
a) When directly rasterizing a digital line topographic map to produce a digital grid map, after testing the original digital line map in accordance with 6.2.3, the digital grid map is no longer tested for plane accuracy: 9
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