CJJ 4-1983 Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base CJJ4-83
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Construction of fly ash and lime road base
Interim technical regulations
CJJ4—83
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Engineering construction standards full text information system
Construction of fly ash and lime road base
Interim technical regulations
CJJ4—83
Editor: Tianjin Municipal Engineering Research Institute Approval unit: Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China Implementation date: August 1, 1983
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Notice on Issuing the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base" and the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Coal Cinder and Lime Road Base" (83) Cheng Gong Zi No. 109
To the Urban Construction Bureaus of all provinces and autonomous regions, the Construction Committees of Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and the Municipal Engineering Bureaus of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai: In order to promote the use of industrial waste materials in road construction and improve the quality of road projects, we have organized forces to compile the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base" and the "Interim Technical Regulations for Construction of Coal Cinder and Lime Road Base". After review and revision, they are now approved as the Interim Provisions of the Ministry's Standards and will be implemented from August 1, 1983. If you have any opinions on the implementation, please inform the Ministry's Municipal Public Utilities Bureau. Ministry of Urban and Rural Construction and Environmental Protection
February 23, 1983
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Preparation Instructions
Using fly ash to build road base can not only use local materials, turn waste into treasure, prevent pollution, but also improve road quality. It has certain technical and economic value and has been used for many years in some cities. However, the lack of a unified standard affects the construction quality. In order to further promote the use of fly ash and ensure the quality of the project, we organized forces to carry out research and testing work on "using industrial waste materials to build roads" since 1979. After more than three years of hard work, we completed this research topic and compiled the "Interim Technical Regulations for the Construction of Fly Ash and Lime Road Base". The main editor of this regulation is the Tianjin Municipal Engineering Research Institute, and the participating units are the municipal engineering research institutes of nine cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenyang, Wuhan, Harbin, Changsha, Changchun, Xiangtan and Anshan, and it is verified by the Shanghai Municipal Engineering Research Institute.
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Interim Technical Regulations for Fly Ash and Lime Road Base Construction (CJJ4-83) 1 Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Raw Materials
Section 1
Fly Ash
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Chapter 3 Mixture
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Chapter 4
Mix Ratio
Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Bulk Density
Compressive Strength
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Chapter 5
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Preparatory work
Adding water or removing water
Spreading and rolling
Early maintenance.
Construction measures in rainy season
Quality standards and inspection and acceptance
Thickness design and structural combination
Some properties of raw materials and mixtures
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, fly ash
3. Lime
3. Coarse aggregate. …
IV. Mixture
Appendix III Various calculation formulas
I. Demonstration and application of the maximum dry bulk density calculation formula for fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate mixture
II. Mix ratio conversion, material dosage calculation, water addition calculation and layer thickness calculation formula
Appendix IV Various test methods
Determination of active calcium oxide content in lime
4-2 Determination of active calcium oxide and magnesium oxide content 3 Moisture content of materials Quantity determination method
Agglomerate sieving test
5 Loss on ignition test of coal slag and fly ash
Maximum dry bulk density and optimal molding content of lime mixture4-6
Water content test
Compressive strength test of fly ash, lime and coal slag lime mixture
Determination of compaction density of lime mixture (sand filling method)4-8
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Chapter 1 General
Article 1.0.1 Definition
A mixture made by mixing fly ash, lime and other admixtures in appropriate proportions, optimal water content and reasonable process is called fly ash lime mixture.
When other materials are added to this type of mixture, it is called a fly ash lime mixture containing this material. For example, when soil, gravel and other materials are added, the mixture is called fly ash lime soil, fly ash lime gravel and so on. If the admixture contains both soil and other granular materials, the soil is listed last, such as fly ash lime gravel soil.
Any road base constructed with the above mixture is called a fly ash lime mixture road base.
Article 1.0.2 Characteristics
Fly ash lime mixture is a slow-setting silicate material. The road base paved with it will form an integral layer. Its strength increases with age under certain temperature and humidity. After hardening, it has good board properties, water stability and certain freezing stability and thermal insulation properties. However, its early strength is low, its wear resistance is poor, and a certain degree of shrinkage cracking will occur. Article 1.0.3 Scope of application
Fly ash lime mixture is suitable for the construction of road base and subbase. Different types of fly ash lime mixture can be selected for roads of different grades according to factors such as traffic conditions, material sources, construction season, construction machinery, design requirements and technical and economic principles.
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Article 1.0.4 Suitable construction temperature
The strength growth rate of fly ash lime mixture road base is greatly affected by the temperature. In order to ensure the quality of road base construction, a favorable construction season should be selected as much as possible. When the average temperature of the day is lower than 5℃ or the mixture is easy to freeze, it is generally not suitable for construction. In frozen areas, the construction should be completed 1 to 1.5 months before freezing. Chapter 2
Quantity Raw Materials
Section 1
Fly Ash
Article 2.1.1 Fly ash is the waste ash discharged by the combustion of finely ground coal in power plants. It is generally gray or light gray powder particles and is a low-activity volcanic ash material. Its general chemical composition and physical properties are shown in Appendix 2. Article 2.1.2 The fly ash used in roads requires that its chemical composition of Si02 and A120: the total amount should generally be greater than 70%, and the loss on ignition at 700℃ should generally be no more than 10%. Fly ash should preferably be coarser particles; fine-particle fly ash has better activity and is slightly beneficial to the reinforcement of the mixture, but it is more sensitive to water and sometimes increases construction difficulties. Overly wet fly ash should be piled high and drained, and overly dry fly ash should be sprinkled with water to prevent flying. The dry bulk density of fly ash should be measured based on local materials, and the dry bulk density is generally 0.50.8 g/cm3. Section 2 Lime
Article 2.2.1 Road lime should be fully dissolved and free of impurities. The CaO+MgO content of slaked lime should be greater than 50%: the CaO+Mg0 content of quicklime should be greater than 60%; the content of undigested particles that do not pass through the 10 mm sieve should be less than 20%. When the Ca0+Mg0 content of lime is between 30% and 50%, the amount of lime should be appropriately increased through experiments. When the CaO+MgO content of lime is less than 30%, it should not be used.
Article 2.2.2 The specific gravity of quicklime is about 3.2, and the dry bulk density is 800-1200 kg/m3. The specific gravity of slaked lime is about 2.2, and the water content should be kept between 25% and 35%, so that it is loose and not flying, and does not form a mass, which is convenient for transportation and construction. At this time, the wet bulk density is generally 600-620 kg/m3, and the corresponding dry bulk density is generally 465-490 kg/m3. Article 2.2.3 Lime industrial waste (such as carbide slag, etc.) and lime scraps, the scope of application can be as follows:1. Chemical lime waste should be inspected to see if it contains harmful substances to avoid harming people and animals or polluting the environment.
Section 3 Soil
Article 2.3.1 The plasticity index of the soil added to the fly ash lime mixture should be 4, and the plasticity index of 7 to 17 is appropriate. The organic matter content of various soils must be less than 8%, and the sulfate content should be less than 0.8%. Section 4 Aggregate
Article 2.4.1 Crushed stone, gravel, broken bricks and stabilized slag can be used according to local material sources, and the particle size can be selected according to local characteristics. It can be aggregates of the same particle size or graded aggregates. The maximum particle size of graded aggregates should be less than 50 mm, or each layer of compacted thickness of Hengshan skin stone and weathered stone shall not be used. Article 2.4.2 The strength of aggregates should be above level 4. The dry bulk density of various granular materials should be measured on site. The reference dry bulk density is as follows: crushed stone 1.35~1.45 tons/m3, gravel 1.70~1.75 tons/m3, broken brick 0.8~0.95 tons/m3. The general physical properties of granular materials are shown in Appendix 2. Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
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Section 5 Water
Article 2.5.1, water without oil and non-acidity can be used for lime digestion, mixing fly ash and lime mixtures and curing. Chapter 3
Mixture
Section 1 Mix Ratio
Article 3.1.1 There are two kinds of mix ratios for fly ash and lime mixtures: the one calculated by the percentage of raw materials in the total weight of the mixture is called weight ratio, and the one calculated by the loose volume of raw materials in the mixture is called volume ratio. Article 3.1.2 The best mix ratio of fly ash and lime mixtures shall be determined through experiments; however, in production practice, the best mix ratio is not necessarily adopted. An economical and practical mix ratio shall be selected based on the material source and equipment conditions, reinforcement effect, application layer and hydrological conditions, etc. Mix ratios listed in Table 3.1.2 Common mix ratio range of fly ash and lime mixtures Mixture type
Fly ash and lime
Fly ash and lime soil
Fly ash and lime steel slag
Fly ash and lime heavy slag
Fly ash and lime crushed stone
Fly ash and lime gravel
Fly ash and lime crushed brick
Lime soil
Common mix ratio range
(weight ratio, %)
75~85*25~15
30:6:6435:9:56
40 :12:4665115:20
33:7:6046:9:45
45:10:45
307635010:40
15：5:8038：12:5015:5:80 The gravel should have a gradation of 50:10:40
10~1290~88
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Can be used for reference and selection.
Article 3.1.3
The mix ratio of fly ash lime mixtures mixed with aggregates should meet the following conditions: The volume of compacted fly ash lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregates added to ensure tight compaction and dense surface.
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Bulk Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of fly ash lime mixtures should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum bulk density and optimal moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compaction instrument according to the test method attached to the appendix. The range listed in Table 3.2.1 can be used for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density and optimum moisture content of mixture Type of mixture
Fly ash and lime
Fly ash and lime soil
Lime soil (using clay soil)
Weight ratio
75~85:25~15
30~65:6~15:64~20
10~1290~88
Maximum dry bulk density
(kg/m3)
1.12~1.02
1.48~1.25
1.68~1.65
Optimum moisture content
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of fly ash and lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated as follows:
G·S.
yo=(m+n):G+psβ
yo——the maximum dry bulk density of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, kg/m3; G——the pseudo specific gravity of coarse aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate), kg/m\;
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p——the weight ratio of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, calculated in total dry m, n, p
weight%;
S—fly ash The maximum dry bulk density of lime mixture (fly ash: lime = m
\), kg/m"; m+n
β——reduction coefficient, generally 0.96~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. The appropriate moisture content (W,) for the construction of fly ash and lime mixtures mixed with coarse aggregates should include the moisture content of the fly ash and lime in the mixture at the optimal moisture content. and the moisture content of coarse aggregate in the water-holding state. The calculation formula is:
(water-holding weight of coarse aggregate) + (optimal water content weight of fly ash and lime) W, = -
Total dry weight of mixture
Section 3 Compressive Strength
Article 3.3.1 The strength requirements of fly ash and lime mixtures should be based on the principle of being suitable for local traffic conditions and stratum strength requirements. If there is no regional standard, the following regulations can be referred to:
The compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or the secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or the general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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15：5:8038：12:5015:5:80The gravel should have a gradation of 50:10:40
10~1290~88
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For reference
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For reference and selection.
Article 3.1.3
The mix ratio of fly ash and lime mixed with aggregate should meet the following conditions: The volume of compacted fly ash, lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregate added to ensure tight compaction and dense surface.
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of fly ash and lime mixed should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum bulk density and optimum moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compaction instrument according to the test method in the appendix. The ranges listed in Table 3.2.1 are for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density and optimum moisture content of mixture Type of mixture
Fly ash and lime
Fly ash and lime soil
Lime soil (using clay soil)
Weight ratio
75~85:25~15
30~65:6~15:64~20
10~1290~88
Maximum dry bulk density
(kg/m3)
1.12~1.02
1.48~1.25
1.68~1.65
Optimum moisture content
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of fly ash and lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated as follows:
G·S.
yo=(m+n):G+psβ
yo——the maximum dry bulk density of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, kg/m3; G——the pseudo specific gravity of coarse aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate), kg/m\;
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p——the weight ratio of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, calculated in total dry m, n, p
weight%;
S—fly ash The maximum dry bulk density of lime mixture (fly ash: lime = m
\), kg/m"; m+n
β——reduction coefficient, generally 0.96~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. The appropriate moisture content (W,) for the construction of fly ash and lime mixtures mixed with coarse aggregates should include the moisture content of the fly ash and lime in the mixture at the optimal moisture content. and the moisture content of coarse aggregate in the water-holding state. The calculation formula is:
(water-holding weight of coarse aggregate) + (optimal water content weight of fly ash and lime) W, = -
Total dry weight of mixture
Section 3 Compressive Strength
Article 3.3.1 The strength requirements of fly ash and lime mixtures should be based on the principle of being suitable for local traffic conditions and stratum strength requirements. If there is no regional standard, the following regulations can be referred to:
The compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or the secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or the general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
TTKAONTKAca-40
15：5:8038：12:5015:5:80The gravel should have a gradation of 50:10:40
10~1290~88
Engineering 4 Construction Standard Full Text Information System
For reference
TKAONTKAca-
Engineering Construction Standard Full Text Information System
For reference and selection.
Article 3.1.3
The mix ratio of fly ash and lime mixed with aggregate should meet the following conditions: The volume of compacted fly ash, lime (soil) should be larger than the pores of the loose coarse aggregate added to ensure tight compaction and dense surface.
Section 2 Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Density Article 3.2.1 The moisture content of fly ash and lime mixed should be close to the optimal compaction moisture content. The maximum bulk density and optimum moisture content can be determined by testing using a press or a standard compaction instrument according to the test method in the appendix. The ranges listed in Table 3.2.1 are for reference.
Maximum dry bulk density and optimum moisture content of mixture Type of mixture
Fly ash and lime
Fly ash and lime soil
Lime soil (using clay soil)
Weight ratio
75~85:25~15
30~65:6~15:64~20
10~1290~88
Maximum dry bulk density
(kg/m3)
1.12~1.02
1.48~1.25
1.68~1.65
Optimum moisture content
Article 3.2.2 The maximum dry bulk density of fly ash and lime mixture mixed with aggregate can be calculated as follows:
G·S.
yo=(m+n):G+psβ
yo——the maximum dry bulk density of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, kg/m3; G——the pseudo specific gravity of coarse aggregate (i.e. the dry bulk density of the whole coarse aggregate), kg/m\;
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p——the weight ratio of fly ash, lime and coarse aggregate, calculated in total dry m, n, p
weight%;
S—fly ash The maximum dry bulk density of lime mixture (fly ash: lime = m
\), kg/m"; m+n
β——reduction coefficient, generally 0.96~0.98. Article 3.2.3 The moisture content of the mixture during construction can be slightly increased or decreased according to local experience and seasonal conditions. The appropriate moisture content (W,) for the construction of fly ash and lime mixtures mixed with coarse aggregates should include the moisture content of the fly ash and lime in the mixture at the optimal moisture content. and the moisture content of coarse aggregate in the water-holding state. The calculation formula is:
(water-holding weight of coarse aggregate) + (optimal water content weight of fly ash and lime) W, = -
Total dry weight of mixture
Section 3 Compressive Strength
Article 3.3.1 The strength requirements of fly ash and lime mixtures should be based on the principle of being suitable for local traffic conditions and stratum strength requirements. If there is no regional standard, the following regulations can be referred to:
The compressive strength of the main road base should be greater than 20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the main road subbase or the secondary road base should be greater than 15-20 kgf/cm; the compressive strength of the secondary road subbase or the general road base should be greater than 10-15 kgf/cm2 (all of the above are saturated strengths after 28 days of wet treatment).
The general strength range of the mixture is shown in Appendix 2. Engineering 6 Construction Standard Full-text Information System
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