Some standard content:
Machinery Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
Large Carbon Structural Steel Forgings
1 Subject Content and Scope of Application
This standard specifies the technical requirements for ordering, manufacturing and acceptance of carbon structural steel forgings . JB/T 6397---92
This standard recommends carbon turbid structural steel forgings suitable for general use in heavy machinery products. This standard does not apply to forgings with special technical requirements.
2 cited standards
GB 223
Methods for chemical analysis of steel and alloys
GB228
Metal tensile test methods
GB229 Metal Summer Ratio (U-notch) impact test method GB231
Metal Brinell hardness test method
3 Ordering requirements
3.1 The purchaser should specify the name, category, steel of the forging in the order contract No., grade, delivery status and supply quantity. 3.2 The buyer should provide ordering drawings and related finishing drawings. 3.3 When the buyer has additional requirements, they should be agreed upon by both parties. 4Manufacture
4.1 The method of steel refining for forgings is generally decided by the supplier. 4.2 The nozzle and pipe mouth of each steel ingot should be sufficiently removed to ensure that the forgings are free of shrinkage holes and severe segregation. 4.3 Forgings should be forged and formed on a forging press with sufficient capacity to ensure that the interior of the forgings is fully forged. 4.4 The heat treatment of forgings should be carried out according to the delivery status of forgings specified in the order contract. 5 Technical requirements
5.1 Chemical composition
5.1.1 The chemical composition of steel shall comply with the provisions of Table 1. 5.1.2 The allowable deviation of the finished product analysis results should comply with the provisions of Table 2. 5.2 Mechanical properties
The mechanical properties of forgings should comply with the requirements in Table 3. 5.3 Appearance, dimensions, tolerances
5.3.1 Forgings are not allowed to have cracks, folds, shrinkage holes and other defects that seriously affect the surface quality. 5.3.2 The size and tolerance of each forging should meet the requirements on the ordering drawing. Ministry of Mechanical and Electronic Industry of the People's Republic of China approved 288
1993-07-01 implementation on 1992-07-14
steel
15
20
25| |tt||30
35
40
45
50
55
60
40Mn||tt ||50Mn
Note: 1
2
Element
C
Si
Mn
P||tt ||S
C
0.14~0.22
Si
JB/T 6397—92
Table 1 Chemical composition of steel
Yuan
Mn
10.12~0. 30 1 0. 35~0. 65
0.17~0.20.370.370.35~0.65
0.22~~0.30|| tt||0.17~0.370.50~0.80
0. 27~0. 35
0.32-~0. 40
0. 37~~0. 45||tt| |0. 42~0.50
0. 47~~0. 55
0.52~0.60
0. 57 ~0. 65
0. 37~~0 . 45
0. 48~-0.56
0. 17~0.370. 50 0. 80
0.17~0.370. 50~~0. 80
0. 17~-0. 37
0.50~~0.80
0.17~0. 370. 50~0.80
0.17~~0.370.50~~0.80
0.17~ 0.37
:0.50~~0.80
0.17~0.370.50~0.80.
0.17~~0.37
0.70~~1.30
0.17~~ The chemical composition analysis results of 0.370.70~1.00
15 steel are not the basis for acceptance. P
0.050
0035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035| |tt||0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
prime
S
0.050
0.035||tt ||0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
0.035
Cr
not big
0.30
in
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0. 25
0.25
0. 25||tt| |0.25
The residual element-free Cr and Ni content in steel is not used as a basis for acceptance when ensuring process performance and mechanical properties. Allowable deviation value for finished product analysis
Table 2
Section
Composition range
s0.25
>0. 25~0. 50||tt ||20.50
0.35
>0.35
0.90
>0.90
0.050
≤0.030
>0.030| |tt||A650
±0.02
±0.03
±0.04
+0.02
±0.05
±0.03||tt ||±0.06
±0.008
±0.005
±0.008
>650～
1300
±0.03||tt| |±0.04
±0.05
±0.03
±0.06
±0.04
main 0.06
±0.008
±0.005
±0.010
area
>1 300~
2600
product 1
cm2
>2 600～
5200
Deviation from upper and lower limits of allowable ingredients
±0.03
±0.04
±0.05
0.04||tt| |±0.06
±0.05
±0.07
±0.010
±0.005
±0.010
±0.04
±0.05
+0.06
±0.04
±0. 07
±0. 06
±0.08
±0.010|| tt||±0.006
±0.015
Ni
0.30
0.25
0. 25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
>5 200 -
10400
±0. 05
up 0.06
±0.07
-+: 0. 05
±0.07|| tt||±0. 07
±0. 08
±0.015
±:0. 006
±0.015
Cu||tt| |0.30
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25| |tt||0.25
0.25
0.25
%
10400
=0.05
= 0.06
0.07| |tt||±0.08
±0.09
±0.08
upper 0.09
±0.015
+:0.006
±0.013| |tt||Note: 1) Cross-section refers to: the maximum cross-sectional area of ??the rough-machined forging (excluding the center hole); the maximum cross-sectional area of ??the forging; the maximum cross-sectional area of ??the steel, 289
steel No.
15
20
20 or 30
35 or 40
45 or 50
290
Heat treatment status
Normalizing
Ten tempering
Normalizing or normalizing
Ten tempering
Normalizing or normalizing
Ten tempering
Tempering
Normalizing or normalizing
Tempering
Decoration
1
7||tt| |2
2
2
Section size
JB/T 6397—92
Table 3
(diameter or thickness)| |tt||mm
100
>100～300
>300~500
>500~700
≤100
>100~250
>250~500
.100
>100~250
>250-~500
≥>5001 000|| tt||100
>100~~250
>250～500
100
>100～250
250～500||tt| |>500-1 000
100
>100～250
>250-~500
100
>100～250||tt| |≥250～500
≥5001 000
16
≥16～40
40100
>100～250
≥250 ~500
100
>100～250
>250～500
≤100
>100～250
>250~ ~500
>500~1 000
Mechanical properties
ab
MPa
390
370
360| |tt||350
340-370
320~470
320470
400~550
380~520
380~ 520
380~520
410~~540
390~520
390~520
420~570
390530|| tt||380~~520
380~520
490~630
450~590
450~590
480-~670|| tt||460-650
460-610
460-610
630-780
600-750
550-700||tt| |490-640
490-~640
570-710
550--690
550-~690
580-770||tt ||560-750
560~~720
560-~720
Force
,
MPa
235||tt ||195
185
175
215
205
195
230
210
210
205
235
225
215
235
215
205
205| |tt||255
240
220
270
245
245
245
430||tt ||370
320
295
275
295
280
260
305
275
275
275
study
ability
%
most
26
25
25
25
24
23
22
27
25
25|| tt||24
20
19
18
22
20
18
17||tt| |18
17
16
19
17
17
17
17
19
20
22
21
14
13
12
17
15|| tt||15
15
%
small
19
43
38
38||tt| |53
50
45
53
50
45
45
50
48
40
50
48
40
35
43
40
27|| tt||43
40
37
Ak!
value
54
49
49||tt ||43
39
39
35
4.9
39
39
39
31
31
27
34
29| |tt||29
38
38
34
31
30
35
40||tt ||45
40
38
35
32
40
40
40
40
38
29
21
24
(48)
(48)
(41)| |tt||(38)
(31)
(31)
(27)
(24)(1) ||HB
105~156
112-156
120-~155
126--170
1-10-172||tt ||143-~187
196~211
189~-229
163--219
170~~207
1.63-~217
钢号
45或50
55或60
40Mn
50Mn
热电影电影
调质| |tt||」正火或正火
+回火
调质
正火或正火
十回火
16
>16~40
≥40～100
>100~250
>250~500
100
100|| tt||>100~250
>250~~500
>500~1000
16
≥16~40
≥40～100
>100～250
>250~~500
250
250
MPa
700-850
650~800
630-780
590~740
590-740
670~830
650920
630880||tt ||630~830
630~830
800~950
750--900
700~-850
630-780||tt ||630--780
590
645
6
MPa
500
学
性|| tt||%
最
14
430！
370
16
17
18||tt ||345
345
325
380
375
375
345
550
500
430
365
33岁
350
390
注：2级钢generally applicable to 与国限品生电影，出口或方法下载的电视。6 test method method 和电视
6.1全方分分分品
6.1.1 熔火分用
17
9
14
12
12
12
12
14
17
16
17|| tt||13
能
Ak
%
小
30
35
40||tt| |35
25
30
35
45
40
值
31
31
31
3.1
47
31
（AxpVm）
J
(30)||tt| (30) 302
197--286
187~255
200~241
200~240
217~321
207~302
197-269
207
217
6.1.1.1 应在每炉（包) 吃注时取样正语，可以多炉（包)合吃大6.1.1.2 成品教法教语教语。 6.1.1.2 If the test sample is lost or not suitable for the chemical analysis, it can also be used in the steel plate. When analyzing, the test sample can be taken from the forging body or its extended part, for the round plate or实心部件，从二分之-一壁厚处的图的一个图夜的外辈的上的一个上上的字引样。
6.1.3 力学分分分品核校应按GB223的设计。6.2力学模料的方法
6.2.1 力学模料电视地地和机
The quantity of the forging is determined by the category, 见表4。 When the hardness is required, the test forging is at least measured, but the geometric size of the forging is more special.伸和电影语样时.对法的的身亶，应Take1个电话试样和2个性试试样。291
身件设计
I
4||tt| |E
N
V
????????????????
不步骤
盤度
图像
电影、电影、图度
方成、电影
JB/T 6397--92
表4身亶设计
分批这些
使用号||tt ||使用气号，使用热电影可以||t
按电视剧件的时，这些1件的余数设计的整1件。 抽样车
每柉身件的5%,但共于5件样
100%
1 ．黄量在200kg他件，≤200件抽维2件，≥200件抽维1%,但于于2件黄量在200kg他件，≤.100件潊维22.
件，≥100件潊维2%,但了于于3件100%
6.2.2 When the hardness of the forging is only required, the hardness deviation of the same~ forging is not more than 40HB, the hardness of the forging is relatively not more than 50HB. 6.2.3 Take the sample position (见图1).
a.段，使用三心件的评论的发处的应名可加长段壁厚的二分一个处：b.
实心盘米件的试样应取自加长段运动（发力)或加大合合(发力)的二分之--夏。c.
6.2.4 Sampling direction
a. For shafts, cylinders and forgings mainly deformed by drawing, the tensile and impact test specimens shall be axial (longitudinal). When transverse (tangential or radial) is specified, the mechanical properties shall be reduced by the percentage specified in Table 5 compared with the values ??specified in the longitudinal direction (Table 3); for rings, discs and forgings mainly deformed by upsetting, the tensile and impact test specimens shall be taken in the direction of the raw deformation, i.e. the circumferential direction (tangential).
6.2.5 Test method
6.2.5.1. Tensile test shall be in accordance with GB228. 6.2.5.2 Aku impact test shall be in accordance with GB229, and AkDVm shall be in accordance with Appendix A (supplement). 6.2.5.3 Hardness test shall be in accordance with GB231. 6.3 Appearance, dimensions and tolerances
The appearance quality inspection of forgings shall be based on naked eye observation. Lengthened test
Tangential test
Level test specimen
Longitudinal test specimen
a) Solid shaft forgings
Figure 1 Sampling positions of various forgings
292
Mechanical properties
Th
Ak
Test specimen direction
Tangential
Transverse
Tangential
Transverse
Tangential
Transverse
Tangential
Transverse
Tangential
Transverse
Tangential test specimen
Extended part
92
JB/T6397-
Long part
h) Hollow forging
c) Disc forging
Tangential test specimen
) Ring forging
Figure 1 (end)
Tangential test specimen
Level test specimen
Extended part
Tangential test specimen
Extended part
Tangential specimen
: Table of percentage reduction of mechanical properties of transverse (tangential) specimens of forgings 5
Electric furnace steel
Forging ratio
5
5
5
5
25
25
20
20
25
25
>5
5
5
5
5
40
40
40
40
141
10
2～3
5
10
5
10
25
25
25
30
30
35
1～25t ingot
4 5
5
10
5
10
30
35
30
35
30
40
Alkaline
Forging
>5
5
10bzxz.net
5
10
35|| tt||40
40
45
30
40
Flat
cast
furnace
steel
ratio
2-3
5
10
10
35
40
40
45
30||t t||40
>25t steel ingot
A~5
10
5
10
40
50
40
50
40
50
>5
5
10
5
10
45||tt| |50
60
50
60
293
7 Acceptance, retest and reheat treatment
JB/T6397—92
7.1 When the chemical composition, mechanical properties, appearance, dimensions and tolerances of the forgings meet the requirements of the order contract, they shall be accepted. 7.2 When the purchaser has other additional requirements, they shall be implemented in accordance with the agreement agreed upon by the supply and demand parties. 7.3 Retest and reheat treatment
7.3.1 When any test result in the specified test items does not meet the requirements of this standard, retesting is allowed. The retest specimen shall be taken at the adjacent position close to the unqualified specimen. Mechanical properties shall be retested with double specimens, and the retest results shall all meet the requirements of this standard. When it is not possible to take a 10mm tensile specimen, a 5mm tensile specimen can be taken instead. 7.3.2 When any retest result fails, the forging can be reheat treated and resampled. The number of reheat treatments shall not exceed 3 times, and the number of tempering is unlimited. 8 Certificate of Qualification
When the forging is shipped, the supplier shall provide the purchaser with a certificate of inspection results for the items specified in the order contract. 9 Printing and Packaging
Each forging shall be printed with the supplier's factory mark, contract number, drawing number, and melting furnace number at the corresponding ingot nozzle end. The machined forging surface shall be protected from rust and protected from damage during packaging and transportation. 294
JB/T6397--92
Appendix A
Metal DVM Specimen Impact Test Method
(Supplement)
This appendix applies to the measurement of impact absorption energy when a metal specimen in a simply supported state is broken under impact load. A1 Specimen
A1.1 stipulates that the specimen with a U-shaped notch of 10mm×10mm×55mm is the standard specimen. The size and numbering of the specimen shall comply with the provisions of Figure A1. The bottom of the notch of the specimen shall be smooth, without obvious scratches parallel to the notch axis. Whether the arbitration test is carried out or not, the surface roughness parameter R. value of the bottom of the notch of the specimen is 0.8um. 55±1
27.5± 0. 5
0
6.8
+
R1±0.05
Figure A1DVM specimen
10±0.1
Ae
Note: According to the technical conditions, the specimen can retain one or two rolling surfaces. At this time, the axis of the specimen notch should be perpendicular to the rolling surface, and the deviation of the specimen width is 0. 1 mml
A1.2 The location, orientation and number of rough cut specimens should comply with the provisions of the corresponding technical conditions. The rough cut specimen and specimen processing should not be affected by work hardening or heat to change the impact function of the metal. A1.3 The marking of the specimen should not affect the support of the specimen by the support, nor should it cause work hardening near the notch. Generally, the marking can be on the end face, side face or back face of the notch of the specimen within 15mm from the end face, but should not be marked on the supporting surface. A2 Testing Machine
A2.1 The structure of the testing machine should have sufficient rigidity. The installation should be stable and firm. The horizontality of the machine base should not be greater than 0.5/1.000A2.2 The testing machine should have two energy levels of striking ability, 1501 and 300. The normal use range of the testing machine is 10%~~80% of the maximum striking energy of each set of pendulums.
A2.3 The dimensions of the specimen support and pendulum cutter of the testing machine should comply with the provisions of Figure A2. 30°±10°
1.5
11'±1
Figure A2DVMTesting machine used for the sample
295
JB/T6397--92
A2.4The scale error of the testing machine shall not exceed 0.2% of the full scale or 0.4% of the reading value at any pointA2.5The linear velocity of the pendulum blade at the moment of contact with the sample shall be 5~5.5m/s.A3Test requirements
A3.1The sample shall be protected from rust during processing and storage, and the notch shall be free of scratches. A3.2 Before the test, check whether the pendulum is pointing to zero (when the pendulum is hanging freely, make the passive pointer close to the active pointer and align it with the maximum impact energy, raise the pendulum and hit it, the passive pointer should indicate zero), and its deviation should not exceed one-fourth of the minimum scale value. A3.3 The specimen should be placed close to the support, and the pendulum blade can hit the surface facing away from the notch. The notch symmetry surface of the specimen should be located on the symmetry surface of the two supports, with an upper deviation of +0.2mm and a lower deviation of zero. A3.4. When the specific temperature is not specified, the test temperature is generally 20±5C. Note: When testing outside the above temperature range, the deviation between the actual temperature when the sample is broken and the specified temperature is ±2C. The sample should be kept warm for a sufficient time (generally no less than 10 minutes), and the time from leaving the heat preservation device to interruption should not exceed 5 seconds. ②The work absorbed by the impact of the DVM specimen is called notched impact energy, expressed in AkcWVM, and the unit is ". A4 test result processing
adopts the "rounding off six people, five odd and even" number rounding rule when calculating, but rounding is not allowed for the limit value. If the operation is incorrect, the hammer jams when breaking the sample, and there are obvious quenching cracks on the fracture surface of the sample, the test will be invalid. Additional notes:
This standard is proposed and administered by the Deyang Large Forgings Research Institute of the Ministry of Mechanical and Electronic Industry. This standard is drafted by Deyang Large Forging Research Institute of the Ministry of Mechanical and Electronic Industry. The main drafter of this standard is Zhu Jiexiu.
296
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