GB 8898-2001 Safety requirements for audio, video and similar electronic equipment
Some standard content:
GB8898-2001
All technical contents of this standard are mandatory. Former
This standard is equivalent to the international standard IEC60065:1998 (sixth edition) "Safety requirements for audio, video and similar electronic equipment". When formulating this standard, taking into account the power supply situation in my country and the different national standards of some components, the following deviations and supplements were proposed:
a) Power supply tolerance
IEC60065:1998 stipulates that the test power supply voltage is 0.9 times the lower limit of the rated voltage or rated voltage range or 1.06 times the upper limit of the rated voltage or rated voltage range. According to the actual situation in my country, it is changed to 0.9 times or 1.1 times. The rated voltage or rated voltage range of equipment sold and used in China should cover the range of 220V±10%. b) Indication of power ratings
IEC60065:1998 5.1f) does not specify specific values for the marking of rated voltage and frequency, but only uses examples to express them. The voltage in the examples does not include the voltage in China. According to the requirements of my country's power grid, the power supply voltage is 220V, 50Hz. We have made clear provisions for the rated values of the power supply: for a single rated voltage, 220V should be marked; for a rated voltage range, 220V should be covered. For multiple rated voltages, one of them must be 220V and set to 220V at the factory. For the rated frequency or rated frequency range, it should be 50Hz or include 50Hz. c) Chinese instructions
According to my country's quality law, clear provisions are made for installation instructions or operating instructions, and the "languages acceptable to the country where the equipment is intended to be used" in 5.4 is changed to "standard Chinese". d) Equipment used at an altitude of more than 2,000 meters
There is a certain proportion of areas in my country with an altitude of more than 2,000 meters. Therefore, 13.1.1 of the standard adds a note that "for equipment used in areas with an altitude of more than 2,000 meters, the minimum values of basic insulation and reinforced insulation are under consideration." This standard is a revision of GB8898-1997 "Safety requirements for household and similar general-purpose electronic and related equipment powered by mains power supply".
The main technical differences between this standard and GB8898-1997 "Safety requirements for household and similar general-purpose electronic and related equipment powered by mains power supply" are:
Main content
Standard name
Chapter 1
Chapter 2wwW.bzxz.Net
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 20
Main differences
Standard name "Safety requirements for household and similar general-purpose electronic and related equipment powered by mains power supply" is changed to "Safety requirements for audio, video and similar electronic equipment". The scope of application has been expanded to include equipment connected to the communication equipment. Definitions of audio, video and similar electronic equipment for telecommunication networks or similar networks have been added. Definitions such as available power, potential ignition source, and general power supply equipment have been changed from deletion to structural requirements for protection against electric shock.
Rewrite and change the measurement of leakage current to measurement of contact current through the measurement network in Appendix D. Rewrite and introduce the test voltage for determining the dielectric strength based on the insulation working voltage. Fully rewrite and introduce the requirements for insulation with joints. Fully rewrite and add PTC thermistors, safety interlocks and batteries. The scope of requirements has been expanded from fire protection of television receivers to fire protection of all applicable equipment. 381
GB8898-2001
This standard replaces and abolishes GB8898--1997 from the date of implementation. Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix ID, Appendix E, Appendix F, and Appendix G of this standard are all appendices to the standard. Appendix N and Appendix P of this standard are all indicative appendices. This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Information Industry of the People's Republic of China. This standard is under the jurisdiction of the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafting unit of this standard is the China Electronics Technology Standardization Institute. The main drafters of this standard are Xing Weibing, Xi Shucun and Luo Zuwei. 382
GB88982001
IEC Foreword
1) IFC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide standardization organization composed of national electrotechnical committees (IEC national committees). The purpose of IEC is to promote the development of electrotechnical technology.International cooperation on standardization issues in the field of electronics. For this purpose, among other activities, the IEC publishes international standards. The development of international standards is undertaken by technical committees, and any IEC national committee that is interested in the subject matter may participate in the development of standards. Any international, governmental and non-governmental organization that has relations with IEC may also participate in the development of international standards. IEC maintains a close cooperative relationship with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) on terms agreed upon between the two organizations. 2) Formal resolutions or agreements of the IFC on technical issues are developed by technical committees participated in by national committees that are particularly interested in these issues, and represent the international consensus on the issues involved as far as possible. 3) These resolutions or agreements are published in the form of standards, technical reports or guidelines, and are recommended for international use and, in this sense, are recognized by the national committees.
4) In order to promote international unification, each IEC national committee has the responsibility to make its national and regional standards adopt IEC standards as far as possible. Any differences between IEC standards and corresponding national or regional standards should be indicated in the national or regional standards. 5) IEC does not express recognition in the form of a mark, nor does it assume any responsibility for any equipment that claims to comply with its standards. 6) Attention should be drawn to the fact that some provisions of this international standard may be subject to patents. IEC is not responsible for confirming these patent rights. [International Standard IEC60065 was developed by the IEC/TC92 Technical Committee "Safety of Audio, Video and Similar Electronic Equipment". This sixth edition of the standard cancels and replaces the fifth edition of the standard published in 1985 and its Amendment 1 (1987), Amendment 2 (1989) and Amendment 3 (1992). This edition contains technical revisions. This standard has the nature of a category safety publication in accordance with the provisions of the IEC104 guidelines. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS
92/60/FDIS
Vote in favor Detailed information on cost standards can be found in the voting reports listed in the table above. In this standard, the following printing fonts are used: Text requirements: Regular
…Test procedures·Italic
…Note·Small regular font
In the definitions of terms in Chapter 2, capital letters one size smaller are used. Voting report
92/61/RVD
Appendix A, Appendix B, Appendix C, Appendix D, Appendix E, Appendix F and Appendix G constitute an integral part of this standard. Appendix N and Appendix P are only informative appendices. 383
GB 8898 -- 2001
Safety Principles
This reference is intended to introduce the principles on which the requirements of this standard are based. Understanding these principles is necessary for the design and production of safe equipment.
The requirements of this standard are intended to provide protection for personnel and protection of the equipment surroundings. The principle to be noted is that these standardized requirements are the most basic requirements to be considered in establishing a satisfactory level of safety. With the further development of technology and processes, further revisions to this standard will inevitably be required. Note: "Protection of the equipment surroundings" means that such protection should also include protection of the equipment from the natural environment in which it is located during its intended use, taking into account the life cycle of the equipment, i.e., manufacture, use, maintenance, disposal and possible recycling of equipment parts after their life. Dangers
The purpose of applying this standard is to avoid personal injury or property damage caused by the following hazards. - Electric shock:
Excessive temperature;
Radiation;
... explosion,
· Mechanical hazard;
. . Fire.
Electric shock is caused by the passage of electric current through the human body. Currents of only milliamperes can produce reactions in healthy people, but may cause indirect harm by unconscious reactions. Higher currents will cause greater harm to the human body. Under certain conditions, voltages below certain limits are generally not considered to be dangerous voltages. In order to provide protection against higher voltages that may appear on parts that can be touched or operated, such parts should be grounded or adequately insulated. For accessible parts, double protection should generally be provided to prevent electric shock caused by faults. In this way, a single fault and any fault caused by it will not cause danger. Additional protective measures, such as additional insulation or protective grounding, cannot replace well-designed basic insulation or reduce the requirements for basic insulation.
Contact parts that normally carry dangerous voltages. Protective measures
Prevent contact with parts with dangerous voltages with fixed or locked covers, interlocking devices, etc.; discharge capacitors with dangerous voltages. , the insulation between parts that normally carry hazardous voltage and accessible conductive parts is broken down. 384
Simple Double insulation or strong insulation is used to prevent the insulation from being broken down. Connect accessible conductive parts to the protective earth so that the voltage that may appear on the conductive parts is limited to a safe value. The insulation used should have sufficient mechanical and electrical strength.
GB 8898--.2001
Parts that normally carry hazardous voltage are separated from circuits that carry hazardous voltage and circuits that carry non-hazardous voltage by double insulation or strong insulation, so that the insulation between parts that normally carry hazardous voltage and accessible conductive parts is broken down, so that accessible parts and terminals carry hazardous voltage. Separate the contact current that flows through the human body from parts that carry hazardous voltage by reinforced insulation so that the insulation is not broken down, or separate them by protective earthing shielding, or connect circuits that normally do not carry hazardous voltage to the protective earth so that the voltage that may appear is limited to a safe value. Limit the contact current to a safe value or connect the accessible parts to the protective ground (the contact current includes the current generated by the RFI filter components connected between the mains power connection and the accessible parts or terminals).
Excessive temperature
Requirements include avoiding damage caused by excessive temperature of accessible parts, avoiding insulation damage caused by excessive internal temperature, and avoiding mechanical instability caused by excessive temperature generated inside the equipment. Radiation
Requirements include avoiding damage caused by excessive ionizing radiation and laser radiation energy levels, such as limiting radiation to non-hazardous values.
Infant requirements include avoiding damage caused by the explosion of cathode ray tubes. Mechanical hazard
Requirements include ensuring that the equipment and its components have sufficient mechanical strength and stability, avoiding sharp edges, and providing protection or interlocking devices for dangerous moving parts.
Fire may be caused by the following reasons:
Overload;
Component failure;
Insulation penetration;
Poor contact;
Arcs.
Requirements include preventing the flame generated inside the equipment from spreading to areas outside the vicinity of the fire source, or avoiding damage to the surrounding area of the equipment. The following protective measures are recommended:
Use appropriate components and assemblies;
Prevent excessive temperatures that may ignite under normal working conditions or fault conditions; take measures to eliminate potential ignition sources such as insufficient contact, poor contact, and open circuits. Limit the amount of flammable materials:
Control the relative position of flammable materials and potential ignition sources; use highly flame-retardant materials near possible ignition sources; use packaging boxes or baffles to limit the spread of flames inside the equipment; use appropriate flame-retardant materials outside.
1 General
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Audio, video and similar electronic apparatusSafety reguirements
1.1 Scope
GB 8898 -2001
eqyIEC 60065:1998
Replaces GB88981997
1.1.1 This standard applies to electronic equipment designed to be powered by a mains power supply or power supply equipment and intended to receive, generate, record or reproduce audio, video and related signals, respectively, and also to equipment designed to be used in combination with the above equipment. This standard only involves the safety of the above equipment and does not involve other characteristics, such as style or performance. For the above-mentioned equipment powered by non-mains power supply or power supply equipment, containing laser systems or internal operating voltages greater than 4000V (peak), this standard can be used as long as it is applicable. NOTE 1 In Australia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Romania, South Africa, the United States and the United Kingdom, the relevant parts of this standard are used as a guide for testing battery-powered equipment.
This standard applies to devices designed to be connected to a communications network or similar network, such as via an integrated modem.Examples of equipment falling within the scope of this standard are: sound and/or video receiving equipment and amplifiers; independent load transducers and source transducers; power supply equipment intended to supply power to other equipment within the scope of this standard; electronic musical instruments and electronic auxiliary equipment for use with electronic or non-electronic musical instruments, such as beat generators, tone generators, music tuners and similar equipment; audio and video teaching equipment, video projectors: video cameras and video monitors; video game consoles and lift game consoles; Note 2: Video and lift game consoles for commercial use are included in IEC 60335-2-82[9*. Coin-operated automatic jukeboxes; electronic gaming and scoring machines; Note 3: Electronic gaming and scoring machines for commercial use are included in IEC 60335-2-82[9]. Telegraph equipment;
Record players and CD players;
Tape recorders and CD recorders;
Antenna signal converters and amplifiers;
Antenna positioners;
Civil band equipment
*The numbers in square brackets indicate the references given in Appendix P. Approved by the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China on December 20, 2001 386
2002:12-01 implementation
Imaging equipment;
"Light effect equipment;
GB 8898-2001
Intercommunication equipment using low-voltage power grid as transmission medium. 1.1.2 This standard applies to equipment with a rated power supply voltage not exceeding the following values: single-phase AC power supply 250V or DC power supply 250V;: AC 433V for equipment connected to non-single-phase power supply. 1.1.3 This standard applies to equipment used at an altitude of less than 2000m, mainly in dry areas and temperate or tropical climates. Supplementary requirements for splash-proof equipment are shown in Appendix A. Supplementary requirements for equipment intended to be connected to a communication network are shown in Appendix 13. Equipment intended to be used in vehicles, ships or aircraft or at altitudes above 2000m may require additional requirements. Equipment intended to be used under special conditions may require additional requirements in addition to those specified in this standard. 1.1.4 For equipment intended to be powered by a mains power supply, this standard applies to equipment intended to be connected to a mains power supply with a transient overvoltage not exceeding the value specified in G1316935.1 for overvoltage category! For equipment that is subject to transient overvoltages exceeding the specified values of voltage category II, the mains supply of the equipment may require additional protection. 1.1.5 This standard does not apply to the following equipment unless the relevant standards refer to this standard: equipment within the scope of GB4943;
...·audio equipment;
projectors not mentioned in 1.1.1, such as movie projectors, slide projectors, ceiling projectors, and physical slide projectors. (See IEC60335-2-56[8]]
1.2 Referenced standards
The provisions contained in the following standards constitute the provisions of this standard through reference in this standard. At the time of publication of this standard, the versions shown are valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties using this standard should explore the possibility of using the latest versions of the following standards. Gl31561993 Standard voltage (neqIEC60038:1983) Gl3/T2423.31993 Basic environmental test procedures for electrical and electronic products Test Ca: Steady-state damp heat test method (eqv IEC 60068-2-3:1984)
G13/T2423.81995 Environmental testing for electrical and electronic products Part 2: Test methods Test Ed: Drop (idt IEC 60068-2-32:1990)
G13T2423.10-1995 Environmental testing for electrical and electronic products Part 2: Test methods Test Fc and guidance: Vibration (certificate string) (idt IEC60068-2-6:1982)
G3/T 2693-- 1990
GB/T 3241 - 1998
Fixed capacitors for electronic equipment Part 1: General specification (for certification) (idtIEC60384-1: 1989)
Octave and fractional octave filters (eqvIEC61260: 1995) Determination of comparative tracking index and resistance tracking index of solid insulating materials under humid conditions GB/T 4207 1984E
(neqIEC60112:1979)
GB42081993Enclosure protection degree (IP code) (eqvJEC:60529:1989) (134706.11998Safety of household and similar electrical appliances - Part - General requirements (e1VIEC:60335-1:1991) (G13/T4723-1992Copper foil phenolic paper laminate for printed circuits (neq1EC60249-2 (all parts)) (G1349432001Safety of information technology equipment (idtIFC60950:1999) B5013 ( All parts) Rubber insulated cables with rated voltage of 450/750V and below (idtIEC60245 (all parts)) (iB5023 (all parts) Polyvinyl fluoride insulated cables with rated voltage of 450/750V and below (idt1F60227 (all parts)) (il3/T5169.51997 1. Fire hazard tests for electrical products - Part 2: Test methods - Part 2: Needle flame test (icltEC60695-2-2:1991)
(iB/T5465 (all parts) Graphical symbols for electrical equipment (idtIF (60417 (all parts)) 387
GB 8898 - 2001
GB/T6109 (all parts)Enamelled round winding wire (eVIEC60317 (all parts))Safety of laser products Part 1) Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide (idtIEC608251: G137247.)2001
(GB9364 (all parts)
GB 9816 1998
GB/T 10064
Miniature fuses (idtIEC:60127 (all parts))Requirements and application guide for thermal links (icltIEC60691: 1993)1988
GB/T 11020: 1989
G3/T 1/021
GR/T 12113 --1996
G3/T 12501
GB/T 12501. 2
Test methods for insulation resistance of solid insulating materials (cqVIEC60167:1964)Test methods for determining the burning properties of solid electrical insulating materials after exposure to an ignition source (eIVIEC60707:1981)
Evaluation and classification of thermal resistance of electrical vapor insulation (egvIFC:60085:1984)Methods for measuring contact current and protective conductor current (idtIE60990:1990)Classification of electrical and electronic equipment for protection against electric shock (neuIEC60536:1976)Classification of electrical and electronic equipment according to protection against electric shock Part 2: Guidelines for requirements for protection against electric shock (idt1997
IFC 60536 2:1992)
GB 13140. 3- 1998
Connecting devices for low voltage circuits for household and similar purposes Part 2: Particular requirements for connecting devices with threadless clamping parts as independent units (eqvIEC60998-2-2:1991) G13/1141721998 Fixed capacitors for electronic equipment Part 14: Sectional specification Fixed capacitors for electromagnetic interference suppression of power supply (idt IEC 60384-14:1993) (GR14536 (all parts) Automatic electrical controls for household and similar purposes (idt1EC60730 (all parts)) 1994
G3 15092, 1
G3/r 16273. 1
Appliance switches Part 1: General requirements (idtIF (61058-1: 1996) 1996
General symbols for graphic symbols for equipment (neIS) 7000: 1989) Test device for testing enclosure protection (idtIEC: 61032: 1990) GB/T 16842-1997
GB/T 16935. 1
G13 17285
: 1998
Insulation coordination of equipment in low-voltage systems - Part - Principles, requirements and tests (idtIEC) 60664-1:1992)
Safety requirements for marking power ratings of electrical equipment (idtIFC61293:1994) GB/T17465 (all parts) Appliance couplers for household and similar purposes (idtIEC:60320 (all parts)) 1F60027 (all parts) Letter symbols for electrical technology IFC60068-2-75:1997 Environmental testing Part 2-75: Test Test El: Xing hammer test 1EC60268-1:1985 Sound system equipment Part 1: General requirements IE(60154 (all parts) Specification for pressure-sensitive tape for electrical use Insulation arrangement of equipment in low-voltage systems Part 3: Insulation of printed circuit board components using coatings IEC606643:1992
Specification for direct-heated step-type positive temperature coefficient thermistors IEC60738 (all parts) )1
IFE: 60884 (all parts) Plugs and outlet sockets for household and similar general purposes IE60885-1: 1987 Electrical test methods for cables Part 1: Electrical test methods for cables, cords and wires of rated voltage up to and including 450/750V
IE60906 (all parts) Plugs and sockets for household and similar purposes IEC system 1 with 60999: 1990 Connection devices Safety requirements for threaded and non-threaded fasteners for copper conductors IE61149: 1995 Guide for the safe handling and operation of mobile radio equipment 1S)261: 19731S ()-General design drawings for metric threads for general purposes IS ()262: 19731S ()-Selection of metric thread sizes for screws, screw guns and screw nuts for general purposes Determination of Vicat softening point temperature (VST) of plastic thermoplastic materials ISO 306:19949
2 Definitions
The following definitions are adopted in this standard.
2.1 Definitions in the order of corresponding English letters
accessible
all-polemainsswitchaudio annplifier
availablepower
basic insulation
by handt
class
electrical clearance
GB 8898--2001
conductively connected to the mainsconductive patern
crecpage distance
directlyconnected1tothemainsdouble insulation
elecironic nusical instrumentfire enclosure
hazardous livc
other energized
imagery
instrucied person
isolating transformer
isolating transformer
laser
laser systemlastr sysiem
load iranstucer
load transducer
mains power supply
nanually operaled mechanical switchnicro-disconnection
noise signal
noise output signal
non-clipped output powerterm
operating voltage
GB 8898--2001
permanently connected apparatuspink noise
portableapparatus
potential ignition sourceprinted board
protective earth terminalprotective screening
protective separation
PTC-S thermistor rated current consumption
rated load impedancerated laad impedancerated supply voltagereinforced insulation
remote conirol
ripple free
routine lest
safety interlockseparating transformer
separating transformer
skilled person
source transducer
source transducer
special supply apparatusstand-by
supplementary insulationsupply apparatus
supply apparatus forgeneral usecommunication network
telecommunication network
terminal
thermal cut-out
thermal link
thermal release
thermal release
touch current
touch current
transportable apparatus
trip-free
automatic trip
type-test
wood-based material
2.2 Types of equipment
GB 8898- 2001
2.2.1 Audio amplifier Audio amplifier An independent narrowband signal amplification device or the audio signal amplification part of a device to which this standard applies. 2.2.2 Electronic musical instrument Electronic device that produces music when operated by a player, such as an electric organ, an electronic piano or an electronic music synthesizer. 2.2.3 Supply apparatus A device that draws energy from the mains power supply and uses it to power one or more devices. 2.2.4 Supply apparatus for general use A power supply apparatus that can be used without special methods and can power not only the devices within the scope of this standard, but also other devices or equipment, such as a calculator. 2.2.5 Special supply apparatus A power supply apparatus designed to power only the devices specified in this standard. 2.2.6 Laser system
Combination of laser and appropriate laser energy source with or without other components (see (3.44 of GB7247.1-2001)) 2.2.7 Laser
1: A device that can generate or amplify electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength in the range of 180nm to 1mm through controlled laser emission technology (see 3.36 of GB7247.1-2001).
2.2.8 Imaging
Design, editing, processing and/or storage of video signals. 2.2.9 Remote control
Control of equipment from a distance using methods such as mechanical, electrical, acoustic or radiation. 2.2.10 Portable apparatus Portable apparatus Specific equipment designed to be easily carried by hand and with a mass not exceeding 18 kg. 2.2.11 Transportable apparatus Equipment specially designed to be frequently moved from one place to another. 2.3 Rated values Electrical values
2.3.1 Rated supply voltage Rated supply voltage The supply voltage or voltage range specified by the manufacturer when designing the equipment (for three-phase power supply, it refers to the voltage between phases). 2.3.2 Operating voltage The highest voltage that the insulation is or can withstand when the equipment is operating at its rated supply voltage under normal working conditions, ignoring non-repetitive transient values.
2.3.3 Ripplefree
A DC voltage with a ripple component of no more than 10% of the DC component. For a ripplefree DC system with a nominal value of 120V, the maximum peak voltage shall not exceed 140V; for a ripplefree DC system with a nominal voltage of 60V, the maximum peak voltage shall not exceed 70V. 2.3.4 Non-clipped output power The sine wave power consumed in the rated load impedance measured at a frequency of 1000Hz when any one or two peaks are just about to be clipped.
If the amplifier is not intended to operate at 1000Hz, the test frequency shall be the frequency that causes the peak response. 2.3.5 Rated load impedance The resistor specified by the manufacturer to which the output circuit should be terminated. 2.3.6 Rated current consumption The current consumed by the equipment when operating at the rated supply voltage under normal operating conditions! 2.3.7 Available power391
GB 8898—2001
When the supplied circuit is disconnected (see Figure 1), the maximum power that the resistive load can obtain from the supply circuit for more than 2 minutes by adjusting the resistive load.
2.4 Power supply and external connection
2.4.1 Mains
A power supply with a nominal voltage greater than 35V (peak) AC or 35V DC, and not limited to power supplying equipment specified in 1.1.1. 2.4.2 Permanently connected apparatus Equipment that is intended to be connected to the mains by a connection that cannot be loosened manually. 2.4.3 Directly connected to the mains An electrical connection to the mains that, when the protective device in the equipment is not short-circuited, will produce a steady current greater than or equal to 9A at this connection when connected to either pole of the mains. Note: The current of 9A is selected according to the minimum fusing current of 6A fuse. 2.4.4 Conductively connected to the mains Electrical connection to the mains, when the equipment is not grounded, when connected to any pole of the mains through a 2000 resistor, a steady current greater than 0.7mA (peak) will be generated on the resistor. 2.4.5 Terminal terminal
Part of the equipment connected to an external conductor or other equipment. It can contain several contacts. 2.4.6 Protective earth terminal protective earth terminal Terminal connected to parts that must be grounded for safety reasons. 2.4.7 Telecommunication network Metallic termination circuits for communication signals intended to transmit voice, data or other information. Such networks can be public or private. They may be subject to overvoltages caused by atmospheric discharges and power line faults. Note: It is assumed that adequate measures have been taken in accordance with the provisions of ITU-T K.11 recommendation to reduce the risk of overvoltages exceeding 1.5kV (peak) occurring in the equipment. The following equipment is not included:
Mains power supply systems used as a communication transmission medium for power supply, transmission and distribution; TV distribution systems using cables;
Public or private mobile radio systems; Radio calling systems.
2.5 Signal, source, load
2.5.1 Pink noise
pink noise
(will) be a noise signal inversely proportional to the frequency. The energy per unit bandwidth (will)
2.5.2 Noise signal
noise signal
A steady-state random signal whose instantaneous value has a normal probability distribution. Unless otherwise specified, its average value is zero. 2.5.3 Source transducer source transducer Equipment intended to convert non-electrical signal energy into electrical energy. Note: Such as microphones, image sensors, playback heads, laser pickups. 2.5.4 Load transducer load transducer Equipment intended to convert electrical signal energy into other forms of energy. Note: Such as loudspeakers, picture tubes, liquid crystal displays, recording heads. 2.6 Protection against electric shock, insulation
2.6.11 Class 1
Protection against electric shock relies not only on basic insulation but also on the design of additional safety measures. In the event of failure of basic insulation, measures are taken to connect accessible conductive parts to the protective (grounding) conductor in the fixed line of the facility, so that accessible conductive parts will not be dangerously charged. [See (G13/T12501-1990 4.2] 322 Permanently connected apparatus Equipment intended to be connected to the mains by a connection that cannot be loosened manually. 2.4.3 Directly connected to the mains Electrical connection to the mains that, when connected to any pole of the mains when the protective device in the equipment does not short-circuit, will produce a steady current greater than or equal to 9A at this connection. Note: The current of 9A is selected according to the minimum fusing current of the 6A fuse. 2.4.4 Conductively connected to the mains Electrical connection to the mains that, when connected to any pole of the mains through a 2000 resistor when the equipment is not earthed, will produce a steady current greater than 0.7mA (peak) on the resistor. 2.4.5 Terminal terminal
Part of the equipment connected to an external conductor or other equipment. It may contain several contacts. 2.4.6 Protective earth terminal protective earth terminal Terminal to which parts that must be earthed for safety reasons are connected. 2.4.7 Telecommunication network Metallic terminated circuits intended for the transmission of communication signals for voice, data or other information. Such networks may be public or privately owned. They may be subject to overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges and power line faults. Note: It is assumed that adequate measures have been taken in accordance with ITU-T K.11 recommendations to reduce the risk of overvoltages exceeding 1.5 kV (peak) occurring in the equipment. The following equipment is not included:
Mains power systems used as a communication transmission medium for power supply, transmission and distribution; TV distribution systems using cables;
Public or private mobile radio systems; Radio calling systems.
2.5 Signals, sources, loads
2.5.1 Pink noise
pink noise
A noise signal that is inversely proportional to the frequency. Energy per unit bandwidth (energy)
2.5.2 Noise signal
noise signal
A steady-state random signal whose instantaneous values are distributed with normal probability. If not otherwise specified, its mean value is zero. 2.5.3 Source transducer A device intended to convert non-electrical signal energy into electrical energy. Note: Such as microphones, image sensors, playback heads, laser pickups. 2.5.4 Load transducer A device intended to convert electrical signal energy into other forms of energy. Note: Such as loudspeakers, picture tubes, liquid crystal displays, recording heads. 2.6 Protection against electric shock, insulation
2.6.1 Class 1
Protection against electric shock relies not only on basic insulation but also on the design of additional safety measures. In the event of a failure of the basic insulation, there are measures to connect the accessible conductive parts to the protective (grounding) conductor in the fixed wiring of the facility so that the accessible conductive parts will not be dangerously energized. [See (4.2 of G13/T12501-1990] 322 Permanently connected apparatus Equipment intended to be connected to the mains by a connection that cannot be loosened manually. 2.4.3 Directly connected to the mains Electrical connection to the mains that, when connected to any pole of the mains when the protective device in the equipment does not short-circuit, will produce a steady current greater than or equal to 9A at this connection. Note: The current of 9A is selected according to the minimum fusing current of the 6A fuse. 2.4.4 Conductively connected to the mains Electrical connection to the mains that, when connected to any pole of the mains through a 2000 resistor when the equipment is not earthed, will produce a steady current greater than 0.7mA (peak) on the resistor. 2.4.5 Terminal terminal
Part of the equipment connected to an external conductor or other equipment. It may contain several contacts. 2.4.6 Protective earth terminal protective earth terminal Terminal to which parts that must be earthed for safety reasons are connected. 2.4.7 Telecommunication network Metallic terminated circuits intended for the transmission of communication signals for voice, data or other information. Such networks may be public or privately owned. They may be subject to overvoltages due to atmospheric discharges and power line faults. Note: It is assumed that adequate measures have been taken in accordance with ITU-T K.11 recommendations to reduce the risk of overvoltages exceeding 1.5 kV (peak) occurring in the equipment. The following equipment is not included:
Mains power systems used as a communication transmission medium for power supply, transmission and distribution; TV distribution systems using cables;
Public or private mobile radio systems; Radio calling systems.
2.5 Signals, sources, loads
2.5.1 Pink noise
pink noise
A noise signal that is inversely proportional to the frequency. Energy per unit bandwidth (energy)
2.5.2 Noise signal
noise signal
A steady-state random signal whose instantaneous values are distributed with normal probability. If not otherwise specified, its mean value is zero. 2.5.3 Source transducer A device intended to convert non-electrical signal energy into electrical energy. Note: Such as microphones, image sensors, playback heads, laser pickups. 2.5.4 Load transducer A device intended to convert electrical signal energy into other forms of energy. Note: Such as loudspeakers, picture tubes, liquid crystal displays, recording heads. 2.6 Protection against electric shock, insulation
2.6.1 Class 1
Protection against electric shock relies not only on basic insulation but also on the design of additional safety measures. In the event of a failure of basic insulation, there are measures to connect accessible conductive parts to the protective (grounding) conductor in the fixed wiring of the facility so that accessible conductive parts will not be dangerously energized. [See (4.2 of G13/T12501-1990] 32
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