Some standard content:
GB/T15834—1995
In September 1951, the former General Administration of Press and Publication of the Central People's Government promulgated the "Usage of Punctuation Marks". In October of the same year, the former State Council issued an instruction requiring the whole country to follow it. Over the past 40 years, writing and book and periodical typesetting have changed from vertical to horizontal lines, and the use of punctuation marks has also undergone certain developments and changes. Therefore, in March 1990, the State Language and Writing Committee and the Press and Publication Administration of the People's Republic of China re-issued the revised "Usage of Punctuation Marks". This standard is formulated on the basis of the newly issued "Usage of Punctuation Marks". This standard refers to domestic and foreign literature on the use of punctuation marks and widely listens to the opinions of the language, journalism, publishing and education circles. This standard stipulates and explains the use of common punctuation marks in Chinese written language, with the aim of enabling people to correctly master the use of punctuation marks, accurately express the meaning of the text, and promote the standardization of Chinese written language. This standard will be implemented from June 1, 1996, and the original "Usage of Punctuation Marks" will be abolished from the date of implementation. This standard was proposed by the National Language and Writing Committee. This standard was drafted by the "Use of Punctuation Marks" research group of the Language and Writing Application Research Institute of the National Language Committee. The main drafters of this standard are Gong Ganyan and Liu Yiling. 181
1 Scope
National Standard of the People's Republic of China
Use of Punctuation Marks
Use of punctuation marks
GB/T15834—1995
This standard specifies the name, form and use of punctuation marks. This standard plays an important auxiliary role in the standardization of Chinese writing. This standard is applicable to written Chinese. It can also be used as a reference by the foreign language community and the scientific and technological community. 2 Definitions
This standard adopts the following definitions.
Sentence
A language unit with a pause before and after and a certain intonation, which expresses a relatively complete meaning. Declarative sentence
A sentence used to explain facts.
Imperative sentence
A sentence used to ask the listener to do something. Interrogative sentence A sentence used to ask a question.
Exclamatory sentence
A sentence used to express a strong emotion. Complex sentence, clause Small sentences that are closely related in meaning are organized together to form a large sentence. Such a large sentence is called a complex sentence, and each small sentence in the complex sentence is called a clause.
Expression
Words and phrases (phrases). Words are the smallest language units that can be used independently. Phrases are language units that express a certain meaning and are composed of two or more words according to certain grammatical rules. They are also called phrases. 3 Basic rules
3.1 Punctuation marks are symbols that assist in recording language in writing. They are an organic part of written language and are used to indicate pauses, tone, and the nature and function of words.
3.2 There are 16 commonly used punctuation marks, which are divided into two categories: punctuation marks and marks. The function of punctuation marks is to indicate pauses and tone when speaking. Punctuation marks are divided into sentence-end punctuation marks and sentence-internal punctuation marks. Sentence-end punctuation marks are used at the end of a sentence. There are three types: period, question mark, and exclamation mark. They indicate the pause at the end of a sentence and the tone of the sentence. Sentence-internal punctuation marks are used within a sentence. There are four types: comma, colon, semicolon, and colon. They indicate pauses of different natures within a sentence. The function of marks is to indicate, mainly indicating the nature and function of a sentence. There are 9 commonly used marks, namely: quotation marks, brackets, dashes, ellipsis, emphasis marks, connectors, spacing marks, book title marks, and proper name marks. Approved by the State Administration of Technical Supervision on December 13, 1995 182
Implementation on June 1, 1996
4 Instructions
4.1 Period
GB/T 15834—1995
4.1.1 The period is in the form of ".". There is another form of period, which is a small dot, which is generally used in scientific and technological literature.4.1.2 A period is used to pause at the end of a declarative sentence. For example: a) Beijing is the capital of the People's Republic of China. b) Humility makes people progress, and pride makes people fall behind. c) Asia is vast, spanning the cold, temperate and hot zones, and the climate is complex and diverse due to the different terrains and distances from the ocean.4.1.3 A period is also used at the end of an imperative sentence with a soothing tone. For example: Please wait a moment.
4.2 Direction mark
4.2.1 The question mark is in the form of \?".
4.2.2 Use a question mark to stop at the end of an interrogative sentence. For example: a) Have you seen a golden monkey?
b) What is his name?
c) Should I go or not?
4.2.3 Use a question mark to stop at the end of an interrogative sentence. For example: a) Don’t you know me yet?
b) How can you say that?
4.3 Exclamation mark
4.3.1 The form of an exclamation mark is \! \.
4.3.2 Use an exclamation mark to stop at the end of an exclamatory sentence. For example: a) Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!
b) How I wish I could see him!
4.3.3 Use an exclamation mark to stop at the end of an imperative sentence with a strong tone. For example: a) Get out of here!
b) Stop shooting!
4.3.4 Use an exclamation mark at the end of a strong interrogative sentence. For example: How can I compare with him!
4.4 Comma
4.4.1 The form of a comma is \,".
4.4.2 Use a comma if there is a pause between the subject and predicate in a sentence. For example: Most of the stars we can see are stars. 4.4.3 Use a comma if there is a pause between the verb and the object in a sentence. For example: It should be seen that science requires a person to contribute his life's energy. 4.4.4 Use a comma if there is a pause after an adverbial in a sentence. For example: He is not Not unfamiliar.
4.4.5 Comma should be used for the pause between clauses in complex sentences, except for semicolon sometimes. For example: It is said that there are more than one hundred gardens in Suzhou, but I have only been to more than ten. 4.5 Commas
4.5.1 Commas are in the form of "、".
4.5.2 Commas are used for the pause between parallel words in a sentence. For example: a) The Amazon River, the Nile River, the Mississippi River and the Yangtze River are the four largest rivers in the world. 183
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b) A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles. 4.6 Semicolon
4.6.1 The form of the semicolon is "," .
4.6.2 A semicolon is used to pause between parallel clauses in a complex sentence. For example: a) Language is used by people to express emotions and ideas; words are used by people to record words and events. b) In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Qutang Gorge is like a gate with a dangerous gorge, and Wu Gorge is like a gallery with twists and turns. Every bend and every turn is like a wonderful landscape painting, magical and beautiful; the water in Xiling Gorge is dangerous, with rapids and dangerous shoals everywhere. 4.6.3 The diversity of non-parallel relationships (such as transitional relationships, causal relationships, etc.) For repeated sentences, semicolons are also used between the first and second parts. For example: Citizens of our country who are 18 years of age or older, regardless of their nationality, race, gender, occupation, family background, religious belief, education level, property status, and length of residence, have the right to vote and be elected; but those who have been deprived of political rights in accordance with the law are excluded. 4.6.4 Semicolons can also be used between the items listed in the branch line. For example: The administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China are as follows: (i) The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the central government# (ii) Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, and cities; (Lan) Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, ethnic townships, and towns. 4.7
4.7.1 The form of the colon is, ".
4.7.2 It is used after a salutation to indicate the following content. For example: Comrades, friends:
The meeting is now in session. ...
4.7.3 It is used after the words "say, think, is, prove, announce, point out, reveal, for example, as follows" to indicate the following content. For example: He was very surprised and said, "Oh, it's you!" 4.7.4 is used after a general statement to indicate the introduction of the following statement. For example: There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Wumen, Shenwumen, Donghuamen and Xihuamen. 4.7.5 is used after a word that needs to be explained to indicate the introduction of an explanation or description. For example: Foreign Book Fair
Date: October 20 to November 10
Time: 8 am to 4 pm
Location: No. 16 Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing Organizer: China National Publications Import & Export Corporation 4.7.6 A colon can also be used before a summary statement to summarize the previous text. For example: Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University and studied in the Department of Chemistry, Li Ping entered a secondary technical school and studied mechanical manufacturing, and I worked as a salesperson in a department store: We all have a bright future.
4.8 Quotation marks
4.8.1 Quotation marks are in the form of double quotation marks ""\\ and single quotation marks "*,: 4.8.2 Quotations in the text are marked with quotation marks. For example: a) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, while imagination encompasses everything in the world, promotes progress, and is the source of knowledge evolution. "b) The proverb "Pride brings harm, humility brings benefit" has been passed down for at least two thousand years. c) The horses painted by modern painter Xu Beihong are, as some critics say, "both spirit and form, and full of vitality." 4.8.3 Objects that need to be emphasized are marked with quotation marks. For example: The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "having content and order." "Having content" means having content, and "order" means having order. 4.8.4 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example: 181
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a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag shapes, all the way to the sky, connected with the starlight, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
b) There should be fewer such "smart people". 4.8.5 When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks for the outer layer and single quotation marks for the inner layer. For example: He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does "orderly" mean?" 4.9 Brackets
4.9.1 The most common form of brackets is round brackets "()". In addition, there are square brackets [}", hexagonal brackets \{}\ and square brackets "【}". 4.9.2 The explanatory text in the text is indicated by brackets. When annotating certain words in a sentence, the brackets are placed immediately after the annotated words. When annotating the entire sentence, the brackets are placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. For example: a) The discovery of the Chinese ape-man (full name "Chinese ape-man Peking species", or simply "Peking Man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
b) Writing research articles is different from literary creation. You can't just spread out the manuscript paper and "improvise". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy to be "improvised".)
4.10 Dashes
4.10.1 The form of dashes is "
4.10.2 Explanatory sentences in the text are indicated by dashes. For example: a) Enter the golden gate, pass through the wide wind vestibule and cloakroom, and you will reach the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building. a) For the happiness of all, each of us should work hard. b) For the people of the whole country, including ourselves, of course. 4.10.3 When the topic changes suddenly, use a dash to indicate it. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who just came in. 4.10.4 When the sound is extended, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" the train started.
4.10.5 When the items are listed separately, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
-environmental thermal science;
environmental electromagnetics;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of ellipsis is "·…", six small dots, which take up the space of two characters. If the whole paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 Omissions of quotations are indicated by ellipsis. For example: She gently sang "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 Omissions of enumeration are indicated by ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, hanging bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, and black orchids, flowers of spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be indicated by ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry everyone, I...didn't complete the task. ”4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is “.”.
4.12.2 Words, phrases and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: A career is achieved through hard work, not boasting.4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of a connector is “二” which occupies the position of one character. There are three other forms of connectors, namely, long horizontal “一 position”, half-character line “_” which occupies half a character position) and wave pattern “”(occupies the position of one character). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a semantic unit, with a connector in the middle. For example; a) The area north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rainfall in summer and cold and dry winter.一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiological experiments.
4.13.3 Use hyphens between related times, places or numbers to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, and his pen name was Yucai. He was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 Use hyphens between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate product models. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related items are used to indicate progressive development, and hyphens are used in between. For example: The development of mankind can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-modern man. 4.14 Spacers
4.14.1 The form of a spacer is ".". 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with spacers. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin-Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the title of a book and the title of a chapter (volume) are marked with spacers. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 Book title marks are in the form of double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks ">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, article titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Xu Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in "People's Daily". d) There is a book "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 Book title marks When quotation marks are used, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: The "Introduction to "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper name quotation marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name quotation marks is—
4.16.2 Proper name quotation marks are used under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name quotation marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name quotation marks, the quotation marks in such works can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the same amount of space as a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks should not appear at the end of a line, and the second half should not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
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5.3 Hyphens and ellipsis each take up the space of two characters and cannot be separated in the middle. Connectors and separators generally take up the space of one character. These four symbols are centered vertically.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are placed below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference in the use of punctuation marks between vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons are placed slightly to the right below the characters. 6.2 Hyphens, ellipsis, connectors, and separators are placed centered below the characters. 6.3 Quotation marks should be replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks should be placed on the right side of a word, while proper noun marks and wavy book title marks should be placed on the left side of a word.2 Use quotation marks to indicate direct quotations in the text. For example: a) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, while imagination encompasses everything in the world, promotes progress, and is the source of knowledge evolution." b) The saying "Pride brings harm, humility brings benefit" has been passed down for at least two thousand years. c) The horses painted by modern painter Xu Beihong are, as some critics say, "both spiritual and physical, and full of vitality." 4.8.3 Use quotation marks to indicate objects that need to be emphasized. For example: The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "having content and order." "Having content" means having content, and "order" means having order. 4.8.4 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example: 181
GB/T 15834—1995
a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag shapes, all the way to the sky, connected with the starlight, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
b) It's better to have fewer such "smart people". 4.8.5 When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does "orderly" mean? "4.9 Brackets
4.9.1 The common form of brackets is round brackets "()". In addition, there are square brackets [}", hexagonal brackets \{}\ and square brackets "【}". 4.9.2 Annotations in the text are indicated with brackets. To annotate certain words in a sentence, the brackets are placed immediately after the annotated words. To annotate the entire sentence, the brackets are placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. For example: a) The discovery of the Chinese ape-man (full name: "Chinese ape-man Peking species", or simply "Peking Man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
b) Writing research articles is different from literary creation. You cannot spread out the manuscript paper and "improvise". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy to be "improvised".)
4.10 Dashes
4.10.1 The form of a dash is "
4.10.2 The sentences that explain and illustrate in the text are marked with dashes. For example: a) Step into the golden gate, pass through the wide wind hall and cloakroom, and you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building. For the happiness of the people, each of us must work hard. b) For the people of the whole country, of course including ourselves, 4.10.3 The topic changes suddenly, marked with dashes. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? "Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" The train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;wwW.bzxz.Net
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of the ellipsis is ·…", six small dots, which occupy the position of two characters. If the entire paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 The omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis. For example: She sang softly "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 The omissions in the list are marked with ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, black orchids, and flowers from spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be marked with ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry, everyone, I...didn't complete the task." 4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is ".".
4.12.2 Words, phrases, and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: Careers are made by hard work, not by boasting. 4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of the connector is "二" and occupies the position of one word. There are three other forms of hyphens, namely, long horizontal "一位", half-character line "_" (occupies half of the character position) and wave pattern "" (occupies one character position). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a meaning unit, and a hyphen is used in the middle. For example; a) The area north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rain in summer and cold and dry winter. "一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiology experiments.
4.13.3 Use a hyphen between related time, place or number to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Yucai, and he was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 A hyphen is used between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related projects represent progressive development, with a hyphen in the middle. For example: Human development can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-new man. 4.14 Interval
4.14.1 The form of the interval is ". ”. 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with separators. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title are marked with separators. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 The form of book title marks is double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, chapter titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Yan Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in the "People's Daily". d) There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 When using quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outside and single quotation marks on the inside. For example: The Introductory Statement of "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper Name Marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name marks is—
4.16.2 Use proper name marks under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name marks, the book title marks in this type of work can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the position of a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks do not appear at the end of a line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
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5.3 Dashes and ellipsis marks both occupy the position of two characters and cannot be disconnected in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of one character. These four symbols are centered up and down.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are marked below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference between the punctuation marks used in vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons and colons are placed slightly to the right below the word. 6.2 Dashes, ellipsis, hyphens and spacers are placed in the center below the word. 6.3 Quotation marks are replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks are placed on the right side of the word, and proper noun marks and wavy book title marks are placed on the left side of the word. 1872 Use quotation marks to indicate direct quotations in the text. For example: a) Einstein said: "Imagination is more important than knowledge, because knowledge is limited, while imagination encompasses everything in the world, promotes progress, and is the source of knowledge evolution." b) The saying "Pride brings harm, humility brings benefit" has been passed down for at least two thousand years. c) The horses painted by modern painter Xu Beihong are, as some critics say, "both spiritual and physical, and full of vitality." 4.8.3 Use quotation marks to indicate objects that need to be emphasized. For example: The ancients had a basic requirement for writing articles, which was called "having content and order." "Having content" means having content, and "order" means having order. 4.8.4 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example: 181
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a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag shapes, all the way to the sky, connected with the starlight, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
b) It's better to have fewer such "smart people". 4.8.5 When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does "orderly" mean? "4.9 Brackets
4.9.1 The common form of brackets is round brackets "()". In addition, there are square brackets [}", hexagonal brackets \{}\ and square brackets "【}". 4.9.2 Annotations in the text are indicated with brackets. To annotate certain words in a sentence, the brackets are placed immediately after the annotated words. To annotate the entire sentence, the brackets are placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. For example: a) The discovery of the Chinese ape-man (full name: "Chinese ape-man Peking species", or simply "Peking Man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
b) Writing research articles is different from literary creation. You cannot spread out the manuscript paper and "improvise". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy to be "improvised".)
4.10 Dashes
4.10.1 The form of a dash is "
4.10.2 The sentences that explain and illustrate in the text are marked with dashes. For example: a) Step into the golden gate, pass through the wide wind hall and cloakroom, and you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building. For the happiness of the people, each of us must work hard. b) For the people of the whole country, of course including ourselves, 4.10.3 The topic changes suddenly, marked with dashes. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? "Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" The train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of the ellipsis is ·…", six small dots, which occupy the position of two characters. If the entire paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 The omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis. For example: She sang softly "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 The omissions in the list are marked with ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, black orchids, and flowers from spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be marked with ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry, everyone, I...didn't complete the task." 4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is ".".
4.12.2 Words, phrases, and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: Careers are made by hard work, not by boasting. 4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of the connector is "二" and occupies the position of one word. There are three other forms of hyphens, namely, long horizontal "一位", half-character line "_" (occupies half of the character position) and wave pattern "" (occupies one character position). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a meaning unit, and a hyphen is used in the middle. For example; a) The area north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rain in summer and cold and dry winter. "一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiology experiments.
4.13.3 Use a hyphen between related time, place or number to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Yucai, and he was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 A hyphen is used between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related projects represent progressive development, with a hyphen in the middle. For example: Human development can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-new man. 4.14 Interval
4.14.1 The form of the interval is ". ”. 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with separators. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title are marked with separators. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 The form of book title marks is double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, chapter titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Yan Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in the "People's Daily". d) There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 When using quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outside and single quotation marks on the inside. For example: The Introductory Statement of "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper Name Marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name marks is—
4.16.2 Use proper name marks under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name marks, the book title marks in this type of work can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the position of a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks do not appear at the end of a line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
GB/T15834—1995
5.3 Dashes and ellipsis marks both occupy the position of two characters and cannot be disconnected in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of one character. These four symbols are centered up and down.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are marked below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference between the punctuation marks used in vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons and colons are placed slightly to the right below the word. 6.2 Dashes, ellipsis, hyphens and spacers are placed in the center below the word. 6.3 Quotation marks are replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks are placed on the right side of the word, and proper noun marks and wavy book title marks are placed on the left side of the word. 1874 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example: 181
GB/T 15834—1995
a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag shapes, all the way to the sky, connected with the starlight, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
b) It's better to have fewer such "smart people". 4.8.5 When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does "orderly" mean?" 4.9 Brackets
4.9.1 The common form of brackets is round brackets "()". In addition, there are square brackets [}", hexagonal brackets \{}\ and square brackets "【}". 4.9.2 Explanatory text in the text is marked with brackets. To annotate certain words in a sentence, the parentheses should be placed immediately after the annotated words. To annotate the entire sentence, the parentheses should be placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. For example: a) The discovery of the Chinese ape man (full name: "Chinese ape man Peking species", or simply "Peking man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
b) Writing a research article is different from literary creation. You cannot just spread out the manuscript paper and "impromptu". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy to be able to "improvise".)
4.10 Hyphens
4.10.1 The form of a hyphen is "
4.10.2 Sentences that explain in the text are marked with hyphens. For example: a) Entering the golden gate, passing through the wide foyer and cloakroom, you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building. For the happiness of all, each of us must be diligent and work hard. b) For the people of the whole country, of course including ourselves, 4.10.3 Sudden changes in the topic are marked with hyphens. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? "Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" The train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of the ellipsis is ·…", six small dots, which occupy the position of two characters. If the entire paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 The omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis. For example: She sang softly "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 The omissions in the list are marked with ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, black orchids, and flowers from spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be marked with ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry, everyone, I...didn't complete the task." 4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is ".".
4.12.2 Words, phrases, and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: Careers are made by hard work, not by boasting. 4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of the connector is "二" and occupies the position of one word. There are three other forms of hyphens, namely, long horizontal "一位", half-character line "_" (occupies half of the character position) and wave pattern "" (occupies one character position). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a meaning unit, and a hyphen is used in the middle. For example; a) The area north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rain in summer and cold and dry winter. "一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiology experiments.
4.13.3 Use a hyphen between related time, place or number to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Yucai, and he was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 A hyphen is used between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related projects represent progressive development, with a hyphen in the middle. For example: Human development can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-new man. 4.14 Interval
4.14.1 The form of the interval is ". ”. 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with separators. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title are marked with separators. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 The form of book title marks is double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, chapter titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Yan Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in the "People's Daily". d) There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 When using quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outside and single quotation marks on the inside. For example: The Introductory Statement of "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper Name Marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name marks is—
4.16.2 Use proper name marks under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name marks, the book title marks in this type of work can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the position of a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks do not appear at the end of a line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
GB/T15834—1995
5.3 Dashes and ellipsis marks both occupy the position of two characters and cannot be disconnected in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of one character. These four symbols are centered up and down.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are marked below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference between the punctuation marks used in vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons and colons are placed slightly to the right below the word. 6.2 Dashes, ellipsis, hyphens and spacers are placed in the center below the word. 6.3 Quotation marks are replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks are placed on the right side of the word, and proper noun marks and wavy book title marks are placed on the left side of the word. 1874 Words with special meanings are also marked with quotation marks. For example: 181
GB/T 15834—1995
a) Looking up from the foot of the mountain, I saw torches arranged in many zigzag shapes, all the way to the sky, connected with the starlight, and I couldn't tell whether they were torches or stars.
b) It's better to have fewer such "smart people". 4.8.5 When quotation marks are used inside quotation marks, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does "orderly" mean?" 4.9 Brackets
4.9.1 The common form of brackets is round brackets "()". In addition, there are square brackets [}", hexagonal brackets \{}\ and square brackets "【}". 4.9.2 Explanatory text in the text is marked with brackets. To annotate certain words in a sentence, the parentheses should be placed immediately after the annotated words. To annotate the entire sentence, the parentheses should be placed after the punctuation mark at the end of the sentence. For example: a) The discovery of the Chinese ape man (full name: "Chinese ape man Peking species", or simply "Peking man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.
b) Writing a research article is different from literary creation. You cannot just spread out the manuscript paper and "impromptu". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy to be able to "improvise".)
4.10 Hyphens
4.10.1 The form of a hyphen is "
4.10.2 Sentences that explain in the text are marked with hyphens. For example: a) Entering the golden gate, passing through the wide foyer and cloakroom, you will arrive at the central hall, the hub of the Great Hall building. For the happiness of all, each of us must be diligent and work hard. b) For the people of the whole country, of course including ourselves, 4.10.3 Sudden changes in the topic are marked with hyphens. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai? "Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" The train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of the ellipsis is ·…", six small dots, which occupy the position of two characters. If the entire paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 The omission of quotations is indicated by ellipsis. For example: She sang softly "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 The omissions in the list are marked with ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, black orchids, and flowers from spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be marked with ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry, everyone, I...didn't complete the task." 4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is ".".
4.12.2 Words, phrases, and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: Careers are made by hard work, not by boasting. 4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of the connector is "二" and occupies the position of one word. There are three other forms of hyphens, namely, long horizontal "一位", half-character line "_" (occupies half of the character position) and wave pattern "" (occupies one character position). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a meaning unit, and a hyphen is used in the middle. For example; a) The area north of Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rain in summer and cold and dry winter. "一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiology experiments.
4.13.3 Use a hyphen between related time, place or number to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, with the courtesy name Yucai, and he was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 A hyphen is used between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related projects represent progressive development, with a hyphen in the middle. For example: Human development can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-new man. 4.14 Interval
4.14.1 The form of the interval is ". ”. 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with separators. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title are marked with separators. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 The form of book title marks is double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, chapter titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Yan Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in the "People's Daily". d) There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 When using quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outside and single quotation marks on the inside. For example: The Introductory Statement of "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper Name Marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name marks is—
4.16.2 Use proper name marks under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name marks, the book title marks in this type of work can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the position of a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks do not appear at the end of a line, and the second half does not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
GB/T15834—1995
5.3 Dashes and ellipsis marks both occupy the position of two characters and cannot be disconnected in the middle. Connectors and separators generally occupy the position of one character. These four symbols are centered up and down.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are marked below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference between the punctuation marks used in vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons and colons are placed slightly to the right below the word. 6.2 Dashes, ellipsis, hyphens and spacers are placed in the center below the word. 6.3 Quotation marks are replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks are placed on the right side of the word, and proper noun marks and wavy book title marks are placed on the left side of the word. 1873 When the topic changes suddenly, use a dash to indicate it. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" the train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of ellipsis is "·…", six small dots, which take up the space of two characters. If the whole paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 Omissions of quotations are indicated by ellipsis. For example: She gently sang "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 Omissions of enumeration are indicated by ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, hanging bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, and black orchids, flowers of spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be indicated by ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry everyone, I...didn't complete the task. ”4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is “.”.
4.12.2 Words, phrases and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: A career is achieved through hard work, not boasting.4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of a connector is “二” which occupies the position of one character. There are three other forms of connectors, namely, long horizontal “一 position”, half-character line “_” which occupies half a character position) and wave pattern “”(occupies the position of one character). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a semantic unit, with a connector in the middle. For example; a) The area north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rainfall in summer and cold and dry winter.一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiological experiments.
4.13.3 Use hyphens between related times, places or numbers to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, and his pen name was Yucai. He was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 Use hyphens between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate product models. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related items are used to indicate progressive development, and hyphens are used in between. For example: The development of mankind can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-modern man. 4.14 Spacers
4.14.1 The form of a spacer is ".". 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with spacers. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin-Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the title of a book and the title of a chapter (volume) are marked with spacers. For example: "Encyclopedia of China·Physics"
"Records of the Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Biography of Zhuge Liang"
4.15 Book title marks
4.15.1 Book title marks are in the form of double book title marks "》\ and single book title marks ">\. 4.15.2 Book titles, article titles, newspaper titles, journal titles, etc. are marked with book title marks. For example: a) The author of "Dream of Red Mansions" is Xu Xueqin. b) Have you read Lu Xun's "Kong Yiji"? c) His article was published in "People's Daily". d) There is a book "Chinese Language" on the table. 4.15.3 Book title marks When quotation marks are used, double quotation marks are used for the outer layer and single quotation marks are used for the inner layer. For example: The "Introduction to "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940. 4.16 Proper name quotation marks
4.16.1 The form of proper name quotation marks is—
4.16.2 Proper name quotation marks are used under proper names such as names of people, places, and dynasties. For example: Sima Xiangru was a native of Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, and his courtesy name was Changqing. 4.16.3 Proper name quotation marks are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper name quotation marks, the quotation marks in such works can be marked with wavy lines. For example:
Originally exiled, he wrote Li Sao; Zuo Qiuming was blind, so he had Guoyu. 5 Position of punctuation marks
5.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons generally occupy the same amount of space as a character, are located to the lower left, and do not appear at the beginning of a line. 5.2 The first half of quotation marks, brackets, and book title marks should not appear at the end of a line, and the second half should not appear at the beginning of a line. 186
GB/T15834—1995
5.3 Hyphens and ellipsis each take up the space of two characters and cannot be separated in the middle. Connectors and separators generally take up the space of one character. These four symbols are centered vertically.
5.4 Emphasis marks, proper name marks, and wavy book title marks are placed below the characters and can be moved with the characters. 6 The difference in the use of punctuation marks between vertical and horizontal manuscripts 6.1 Periods, question marks, exclamation marks, commas, commas, semicolons, and colons are placed slightly to the right below the characters. 6.2 Hyphens, ellipsis, connectors, and separators are placed centered below the characters. 6.3 Quotation marks should be replaced by double quotation marks "\" and single quotation marks "7". 6.4 Emphasis marks should be placed on the right side of a word, while proper name marks and wavy book title marks should be placed on the left side of a word.3 When the topic changes suddenly, use a dash to indicate it. For example: "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just entered the room. 4.10.4 To prolong the sound, use a dash after the onomatopoeia. For example: "——" the train started.
4.10.5 When enumerating items, use a dash before each item. For example: According to the different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches: environmental acoustics;
environmental optics,
environmental thermodynamics;
environmental electromagnetism;
environmental aerodynamics.
4.11 Ellipsis
4.11.1 The form of ellipsis is "·…", six small dots, which take up the space of two characters. If the whole paragraph or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it.
4.11.2 Omissions of quotations are indicated by ellipsis. For example: She gently sang "Lullaby" "The moon is bright, the wind is calm, and the leaves cover the window." 4.11.3 Omissions of enumeration are indicated by ellipsis. For example: In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, hanging bells, daffodils, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, and black orchids, flowers of spring, autumn, and winter are all crowded together! 4.11.4 Intermittent speech can be indicated by ellipsis. For example: "I'm sorry everyone, I...didn't complete the task. ”4.12 Emphasis
4.12.1 The form of emphasis is “.”.
4.12.2 Words, phrases and sentences that require readers to pay special attention are marked with emphasis. For example: A career is achieved through hard work, not boasting.4.13 Connectors
GB/T 158341995
4.13.1 The form of a connector is “二” which occupies the position of one character. There are three other forms of connectors, namely, long horizontal “一 position”, half-character line “_” which occupies half a character position) and wave pattern “”(occupies the position of one character). 4.13.2 Two related nouns form a semantic unit, with a connector in the middle. For example; a) The area north of the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperature and heavy rainfall in summer and cold and dry winter.一" (occupies two characters
b) Compound sodium chloride injection, also known as Ringer-Locke solution, is used in medical treatment and mammalian physiological experiments.
4.13.3 Use hyphens between related times, places or numbers to indicate the start and end. For example: a) Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great modern Chinese writer, thinker and revolutionary. His original name was Zhou Shuren, and his pen name was Yucai. He was from Shaoxing, Zhejiang. b) "Beijing-Guangzhou\Direct Express
c) The Kyoho grapes planted in Liyuan Township have entered the high-yield period this year, with an output of 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per mu. 4.13.4 Use hyphens between related letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate product models. For example: In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been built and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.
4.13.5 Several related items are used to indicate progressive development, and hyphens are used in between. For example: The development of mankind can be divided into four stages: ancient ape-ape-ancient man-modern man. 4.14 Spacers
4.14.1 The form of a spacer is ".". 4.14.2 The boundaries between the names of foreigners and some ethnic minorities are marked with spacers. For example: Leonardo da Vinci
Aisin-Gioro Nurhaci
4.14.3 The boundaries between the title of a book and the title of a ch
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