NY/T 5077-2002 Technical regulations for the production of pollution-free food bitter melon
Some standard content:
ICS 65. 020. 20
Agricultural Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5077-2002
Pollution-free food
Issued on July 25, 2002
Technical regulations for bitter melon production
Implementation on September 1, 2002
Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China
NY/T5077-2002
This standard is proposed by the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. Foreword
The drafting units of this standard are: National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Crop Management Bureau of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Agriculture, Liaoning Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Beijing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Hebei Provincial Agricultural Technology Extension Station and Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The main drafters of this standard are: Zhang Zhenhe, Zhao Jianyang, Wang Zhenzhuang, Cao Zhifu, Zhang Dechun, Li Li, Li Jianwei, Zhao Yiping, Zhang Zhibin, Zhao Shanpu, Tian Mingjun.
1 Scope
Pollution-free food
Technical regulations for bitter melon production
This standard specifies the production environment requirements and production management measures for pollution-free bitter melon. This standard applies to the production of pollution-free bitter melon. 2 Normative references
NY/T 5077—2002
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this standard through reference in this standard. For any dated referenced document, all subsequent amendments (excluding errata) or revisions are not applicable to this standard. However, the parties to an agreement based on this standard are encouraged to study whether the latest versions of these documents can be used. For any undated referenced document, the latest version shall apply to this standard. GB4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard
GB/T8321 (all parts) Guidelines for Rational Use of Pesticides NY5010 Environmental Conditions of Origin of Pollution-free Food Vegetables 3 Origin Environment
Should comply with the provisions of NY5010, and select plots with high and dry terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, and deep, loose and fertile soil. 4 Production Technology Management
4.1 Protection Facilities
Including solar greenhouses, plastic sheds, multi-span greenhouses, improved sun, hotbeds, etc. 4.2 Cultivation Season
4.2.1 Early Spring Cultivation
Planting about 30 days before the last frost, and listing in early summer. 4.2.2 Delayed Autumn Cultivation
Planting in late summer and early autumn, listing in late September and early October. 4.2.3 Spring and Summer Cultivation
Planting after the end of the late frost, listing in summer.
4.2.4 Summer and Autumn Cultivation
Seedlings are planted in summer and put on the market in autumn.
4.2.5 Autumn and Winter Cultivation
Planted in autumn and put on the market in early winter.
4.3 Variety Selection
Choose varieties that are disease-resistant, high-quality, high-yielding, storable, commercially viable, and suitable for market demand. 4.4 Seedling Raising
4.4.1 Seedling Raising Facilities
Depending on the season, greenhouses, plastic sheds, hotbeds and other facilities can be used for seedling raising; summer and autumn seedling raising should be equipped with insect-proof, sunshade and rain-proof facilities. If conditions permit, plug tray seedling raising and factory seedling raising can be adopted. 4.4.2 Nutrition soil
4.4.2.1 Requirements for nutrition soil
pH5.5~~7.5, organic matter 2.5g/kg~～3g/kg, available phosphorus 20mg/kg～40mg/kg, available potassium 100mg/kg~125
NY/T 5077--2002
140mg/kg, alkaline nitrogen 120mg/kg~150mg/kg, comprehensive nutrients. Porosity is about 60%, the soil is loose, and the fertilizer and water retention performance is good. The prepared nutrition soil is evenly spread on the sowing bed with a thickness of 10cm. 4.4.2.2 Nutrition soil formula
50%~～70% of pest-free garden soil, 50%～30% of high-quality decomposed farmyard manure, and 0.1% of triple compound fertilizer (NPK=15-15-15).
4.4.2.3 Seedbed surface disinfection
Use 15kg-30kg of medicinal soil per square meter of seedbed to disinfect the surface. Method: Use 8g-10g of 50% carbendazim and 50% thiram in equal amounts, mix with 15kg-30kg of nutrient soil or fine soil and spread evenly on the bed surface. 4.4.3 Seed quality
Seed purity ≥95%, cleanliness ≥98%, germination rate ≥90%. 4.4.4, Seed quantity
Seed quantity per 667m2 cultivation area: 350g-450g for seedling transplanting, 500g-650g for open field direct seeding. 4.4.5 Seed treatment
Use warm water to soak seeds. Put the seeds into 55℃ hot water, maintain the water temperature uniform and stable for 15 minutes, then keep the water temperature at 30℃ and continue soaking for 10h~~12h. Wash off the mucus with clean water and then germinate. 4.4.6 Germination
The soaked seeds are kept moisturized and germinated at 30℃~35℃. When about 70% of the seeds are white, they can be sown. 4.4.7 Sowing period
Choose the appropriate sowing period according to the cultivation season, seedling raising methods and seedling strengthening indicators. 4.4.8 Seedbed preparation
4.4.8.1 Seedbed setting
In winter and spring, use solar greenhouses, plastic sheds or hotbeds for seedling raising. For electric hotbed seedling raising, lay electric heating lines according to the power standard of 100W/m2~~120W/m.
4.4.8.2 Seedbed Disinfection
Spread the prepared nutrient soil evenly on the seedbed, with a thickness of 10cm. Use 30mL~50ml of formalin per square meter, add 3ml of water, spray on the bed, seal the seedbed with plastic film for 5 days, and sow after 15 days. 4.4.9 Sowing
4.4.9.1 Seedling Transplantation
Sow the germinated seeds evenly on the seedbed (tray), or sow them in the nutrient pots. Cover the seeds with poisoned soil after sowing to prevent and control seedbed diseases. 4.4.9.2 Open Field Direct Seeding
Sow 2 dry seeds in a hole according to the determined cultivation method and density. 4.4.10 Seedling Management
4.4.10.1 Temperature Management
Bitter melon likes warmth, is relatively heat-resistant, and is not cold-resistant. Seedlings should be kept warm in winter and spring, and shaded and cooled in summer and autumn. See Table 1 for temperature management. Table 1 Seedling temperature management table
Before emergence
After emergence
5d~7d before transplanting
4.4.10.2 Water
Water appropriately according to the seedling season and situation.
4.4.10.3 Seedling separation
Suitable daytime temperature/℃
30～35
Suitable nighttime temperature/ C
When the cotyledons of the seedlings are flattened to the primary leaves, move them into a 10cm diameter nutrient pot; you can also make 126
ditches of 10cm×10cm on the seedling bed and separate the seedlings.
4.4.10.4 Hardening of seedlings
Appropriately cool and ventilate 7 days before planting in early spring, gradually remove the sunshade net in summer and autumn, and control the water content appropriately. 4.4.10.5 Standard for strong seedlings
NY/T 5077—2002
Plant height 10cm~12cm, stem thickness about 0.3cm, 4~5 true leaves, cotyledons intact, leaf color dark green, free of diseases and insect pests. 4.5 Preparation before planting
4.5.1 Plot selection
Plots that have not been planted with cucurbitaceae crops for more than three years should be selected, and water-land rotation should be adopted in places with conditions. 4.5.2 Land preparation and basal fertilizer application
Determine the total amount of fertilizer to be applied based on soil fertility and target yield. All phosphate fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, two-thirds of potassium fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers, and one-third of nitrogen fertilizers are used as basal fertilizers. The base fertilizer is mainly high-quality farmyard manure, two-thirds of which is spread and one-third is applied in the furrows, according to local planting habits. 4.5.3 Disinfection of greenhouses
Before planting in greenhouses, disinfection should be carried out. Mix 200g of dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate with sawdust and 2kg~~3kg of sulfur powder per 667m2, ignite it in 10 places, seal it for a day and night, and plant it when there is no smell after ventilation. 4.6 Planting
4.6.1 Determination of the appropriate planting period
The lowest soil temperature of 10cm is stable above 15℃, which is the appropriate planting period. This is also the appropriate sowing period for direct seeding bitter melon in the open field in spring and summer. 4.6.2 Planting density
4.6.2.1 Protected cultivation
The row spacing is 80cm, the plant spacing is 35cm~40cm, and 2000~2300 seedlings are maintained per 667m2. 4.6.2.2 Open field cultivation
Row spacing 80cm~100cm, plant spacing 35cm45cm, 1600~2300 seedlings per 667m2. 4.7 Field management
4.7.1 Shed temperature
4.7.1.1 Seedling period
25℃~30℃ during the day, not lower than 18℃ at night. 4.7.1.2 Flowering and fruiting period
Around 25℃ during the day, not lower than 15℃ at night. 4.7.2 Light regulation
Bitter melon needs strong light during its flowering and fruiting period. Facility cultivation should use weather-resistant functional films with good fog and drip resistance, keep the film surface clean, and hang a reflective curtain at the back of the solar greenhouse.
4.7.3 Humidity management
The relative humidity of the air should be maintained at 60% to 80% during the growth of bitter melon. 4.7.4 Carbon dioxide
Facility cultivation can supplement carbon dioxide with a concentration of 800mg/kg to 1000mg/kg. 4.7.5 Fertilizer and water management
4.7.5.1 Watering
4.7.5.1.1 After the seedlings have been slowed down, choose a sunny morning to water the seedlings once, and then the seedlings; after the root melons are seated, the seedlings are stopped, and watered once thoroughly, and then watered once every 5d to 10d; watering should be strengthened during the peak fruiting period. In production, measures such as ground covering, drip irrigation (dark irrigation), ventilation and dehumidification, and temperature control should be taken to control the soil moisture within an appropriate range as much as possible. 4.7.5.1.2 Bitter melon is not tolerant to waterlogging. Water in the field should be removed in time during the rainy season. 4.7.5.2 Topdressing
4.7.5.2.1 According to the appearance and growth period of bitter melon, fertilize according to the requirements of balanced fertilization, and apply nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in time. At the same time, microelement fertilizers should be sprayed in a targeted manner, and foliar fertilizers can be sprayed as needed to prevent premature aging. 4.7.5.2.2 Urban garbage, sludge, industrial waste residues and organic fertilizers that have not been harmlessly treated and have excessive heavy metal content should not be used in production.
4.7.6 Frame or hanging vine
Protected land should be used for hanging vine cultivation, and open-field cultivation can be done by using herringbone frames or flat sheds. 4.7.6.1 Pruning
For protected cultivation, remove the side vines and let the main vines bear fruit; for open field cultivation, prune according to the density. 4.7.6.2 Leaf preparation
Remove diseased and aged leaves in time.
4.7.7 Artificial pollination
Artificial pollination is required for protected bitter melon cultivation. In the afternoon, pick the male flowers that will open the next day and place them in a dry environment at about 25°C. Remove the corolla from 8 to 10 am the next day and gently apply pollen to the stigma of the female flowers. Each male flower can be used for pollination of three female flowers. 4.7.8 Harvesting
Remove deformed melons in time, harvest root melons as early as possible, and harvest them according to the commercial melon standards for the market. 4.7.9 Cleaning the field
Clean up the dead branches, leaves and weeds in the bitter melon field, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the field clean. 4.7.10 Disease and Pest Control
4.7.10.1 Main Diseases and Pests
4.7.10.1.1 Main diseases include: damping-off, damping-off, wilt, white rot, powdery mildew, gray mold, virus disease, root knot nematode disease, etc. 4.7.10.1.2 Main pests include: American leafminer, aphid, whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, etc. 4.7.10.2 Prevention and Control Principles
Follow the plant protection policy of "prevention first, integrated prevention and control", adhere to the harmless management principle of "agricultural prevention, physical prevention, biological prevention as the main, chemical prevention as the auxiliary".
4.7.10.3 Agricultural Prevention
4.7.10.3.1 Select disease-resistant varieties, and select highly resistant and multi-resistant varieties for the main local pest and disease control targets. 4.7.10.3.2 Strictly disinfect seeds to reduce the risk of bacteria and diseases in seeds. 4.7.10.3.3 Cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age to improve stress resistance. 4.7.10.3.4 Create a suitable growth environment, control temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature for different growth periods through ventilation and auxiliary heating, and avoid low and high temperature obstacles; dig deep trenches and high ravines to prevent water accumulation. 4.7.10.3.5 Clean the fields, clean up the dead branches and leaves and weeds in the bitter melon fields, and carry out harmless treatment in a centralized manner to keep the fields clean. 4.7.10.3.6 Reform the farming system, implement crop rotation with non-cucurbitaceous crops for more than three years, and implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.7.10.3.7 Apply fertilizer scientifically, increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizers, and apply fertilizers in a balanced manner. 4.7.10.4 Physical control
4.7.10.4.1 Facility protection
The vents of large facilities should be closed with insect-proof nets. In summer, plastic film, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets should be covered to prevent rain, shade and insects from growing, so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
4.7.10.4.2 Trapping and repelling
Yellow boards should be used to trap and kill aphids and American leafminers in protected cultivation. 30 to 40 yellow boards (25cm×40cm) should be hung for every 667m2. Silver-gray mulch or silver-gray film strips should be hung for open-field cultivation to repel aphids. A frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp should be set up for every 2hm2 to 4hm2 to trap and kill pests. 4.7.10.5 Biological control
4.7.10.5.1 Natural enemies
Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 4.7.10.5.2 Biological agents
NY/T5077—2002
Use antibiotics (agricultural streptomycin, phytosporin) and botanical pesticides (printing agent, matrine, etc.) to control pests and diseases. 4.7.10.6 Chemical control
The use of chemical control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Strictly control the concentration of pesticides used and the safe interval.
4.7.10.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides that are not allowed to be used. Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, spirophos, idemophos, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fofophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production.4. Create a suitable growth environment, control the temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature in different growth periods through ventilation and auxiliary heating, avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep trenches and high rafts to prevent water accumulation. 4.7.10.3.5 Clean the fields, clean up the dead branches and leaves and weeds in the bitter melon field, centrally carry out harmless treatment, and keep the fields clean. 4.7.10.3.6 Reform the farming system, implement crop rotation with non-cucurbitaceous crops for more than three years, and implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.7.10.3.7 Apply fertilizer scientifically, increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, and balance fertilization. 4.7.10.4 Physical prevention
4.7.10.4.1 Facility protection
The ventilation outlets of large facilities should be closed with insect-proof nets, and covered with plastic films, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer to carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
4.7.10.4.2 Trapping and repelling
In protected cultivation, yellow boards are used to trap and kill aphids and American leafminers. 30 to 40 yellow boards (25cm×40cm) are hung for every 667m2. In open field cultivation, silver-grey mulch is laid or silver-grey film strips are hung to repel aphids. A frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp is set up for every 2hm2 to 4hm2 to trap and kill pests. 4.7.10.5 Biological control
4.7.10.5.1 Natural enemieswwW.bzxz.Net
Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 4.7.10.5.2 Biological agents
NY/T5077—2002
Use antibiotics (agricultural streptomycin, phytosporin) and plant-derived pesticides (printing agent, matrine, etc.) to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 4.7.10.6 Chemical control
The use of chemical control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Strictly control the concentration of pesticides used and the safe interval.
4.7.10.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides that are not allowed to be used. Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, spirophos, idemephos, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production.4. Create a suitable growth environment, control the temperature and air humidity, appropriate fertilizer and water, sufficient light and carbon dioxide, adjust the suitable temperature in different growth periods through ventilation and auxiliary heating, avoid low temperature and high temperature obstacles; dig deep trenches and high rafts to prevent water accumulation. 4.7.10.3.5 Clean the fields, clean up the dead branches and leaves and weeds in the bitter melon field, centrally carry out harmless treatment, and keep the fields clean. 4.7.10.3.6 Reform the farming system, implement crop rotation with non-cucurbitaceous crops for more than three years, and implement water-land rotation in areas with conditions. 4.7.10.3.7 Apply fertilizer scientifically, increase the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, and balance fertilization. 4.7.10.4 Physical prevention
4.7.10.4.1 Facility protection
The ventilation outlets of large facilities should be closed with insect-proof nets, and covered with plastic films, insect-proof nets and sunshade nets in summer to carry out rain shelter, sunshade and insect-proof cultivation to reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
4.7.10.4.2 Trapping and repelling
In protected cultivation, yellow boards are used to trap and kill aphids and American leafminers. 30 to 40 yellow boards (25cm×40cm) are hung for every 667m2. In open field cultivation, silver-grey mulch is laid or silver-grey film strips are hung to repel aphids. A frequency-vibrating insecticidal lamp is set up for every 2hm2 to 4hm2 to trap and kill pests. 4.7.10.5 Biological control
4.7.10.5.1 Natural enemies
Actively protect and utilize natural enemies to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 4.7.10.5.2 Biological agents
NY/T5077—2002
Use antibiotics (agricultural streptomycin, phytosporin) and plant-derived pesticides (printing agent, matrine, etc.) to prevent and control diseases and insect pests. 4.7.10.6 Chemical control
The use of chemical control should comply with the requirements of GB4285 and GB/T8321 (all parts). Strictly control the concentration of pesticides used and the safe interval.
4.7.10.7 Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides that are not allowed to be used. Highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides such as methyl parathion, parathion, monocrotophos, phosphamidon, phorate, methyl isofenphos, terbufos, methyl thiocyanate, spirophos, idemephos, carbofuran, aldicarb, ethoxychlor, thiocyanate, coumaphos, fonophos, chlorpyrifos, and fenamiphos are not allowed to be used in production.
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